Cathedral mafi girma a duniya

St Peter's Basilica

Za mu yi magana da ku a cikin wannan labarin game da Cathedral mafi girma a duniya. Amma, domin ku iya kammala jagorar yawon buɗe ido na ziyartar haikali masu girma da ban mamaki, za mu kuma ambaci wasu gine-ginen addini waɗanda ke biye da wancan dangane da girman. Duk da haka, abu na farko dole ne mu yi shi ne bayyana da bambanci tsakanin Cathedral da Basilica. Da sannu za ku gane dalilin.

Dukansu gine-ginen addini ne waɗanda suka karɓi wannan sunan daga wurin Papa. Amma, yayin da na biyu haikali ne na babban darajar tarihi ga Kiristoci (wani lokaci ginin na Romawa ne), babban coci saboda an sanya shi wurin zama na diocese kuma, saboda haka, na bishop. A daya hannun, duk Cathedrals suna da take na kananan basilicas, sai na St. John Laterana Roma, wanda ya tsufa. Kuma wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda, don gaya muku game da babban coci a duniya, dole ne mu bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan haikalin biyu. Wato, idan muka yi magana game da basilicas, daya ne, yayin da, idan muka yi magana game da cathedrals, zai zama wani.

St. Peter's Basilica a cikin Vatican

Basilica ta St. Peter

St. Peter's Basilica da ginin Bernini

Lallai, sanannen cocin Vatican shine Basilica mafi girma a duniya, ba tare da ƙasa da haka ba 20 murabba'in mita, kuma gininsa ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru ɗari. An gina shi don maye gurbin tsohon coci na dindindininda, misali, charlemagne An naɗa shi Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki. Kuma, bi da bi, a nan ne aka yi imani cewa an binne shi San Pedro.

Tsarinsa shine yafi saboda Michelangelo, kodayake manyan masu fasaha na lokacin sun yi aiki a kan gininsa. Tsakanin su, Twine, Raphael Sanzio, Bernini o Giacomo Della Porta, almajiri na farko. Tsakanin su duka, sun ƙirƙiri wani gini na salon Renaissance mara shakka, kodayake ya haɗa da abubuwan Baroque.

Haka kuma, sun gina haikali bisa ga girman wurin da muhimmancinsa. Yana auna fiye da mita ɗari biyu a tsayi kuma kusan ɗari da talatin a tsayi, wanda zai ba ku fahimtar girmansa. Haka kuma gaskiyar cewa na abin da ake kira katon tsari, salon gine-ginen da aka siffanta shi, daidai, ta hanyar colossalism. Misali, ginshiƙan babban facade sun kai fiye da labarai biyu.

Musamman, suna tsara ƙofar shiga da abin da ake kira Balcony na Albarka domin a nan ne Paparoma ya tsaya ya ba su. Akan wannan akwai babban aikin taimako na Bounvicino kuma, a sama, babban pediment. A ɓangarensa na sama akwai ɗaki mai ɗauke da manyan tagogi takwas tsakanin pilasters. Kuma, da ke kambin wannan bene, akwai wani balustrade mai manyan mutum-mutumi guda goma sha uku sama da mita biyar. Suna wakiltar Kristi, Yahaya Maibaftisma da manzanni goma sha ɗaya. Bace, daidai, Saint Peter, wanda hotonsa yake, tare da Saint Paul, a ƙofar Basilica. A ƙarshe, babban kubba a kan motar daukar marasa lafiya rawanin haikalin. Ita ce mafi tsayi a duniya da kusan mita ɗari da talatin da bakwai kuma tana da ƙwanƙwasa ga girmansa mai kusan arba'in da biyu diamita.

Ciki na Saint Peter's Basilica

Baldachin Saint Peter

Baldachin na San Pedro, a cikin mafi girma basilica a duniya

Za ku kuma sami ra'ayi na girman wannan haikalin mai ban sha'awa idan muka gaya muku cewa yana da Bagadai arba'in da biyar, da bagadai goma sha ɗaya an ƙawata shi da manyan ayyukan fasaha. Ya ƙunshi jiragen ruwa guda uku waɗanda manyan ginshiƙai suka rabu. Na tsakiya an rufe shi da babban rumbun ganga kuma yana da kasan marmara wanda zai kama ido. Domin ya haɗa da abubuwa na babban haikali. Misali, faifan porphyry ja daga Masar wanda Charlemagne ya durkusa a kai. Kuma ga mosaics masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke ƙawata farfajiya.

A gefe guda kuma, a tsakanin bakuna akwai mutum-mutumi na kyawawan halaye da kuma, a kan ginshiƙai, ginshiƙai waɗanda ke ɗauke da adadi na tsarkaka talatin da tara. A ƙarshe, tare da kewayen jirgin akwai rubutu mai haruffa masu tsayin mita biyu.

Game da jigon wasiƙar, a hannun dama na wadda ta gabata, tana da ɗakunan karatu da yawa. Na farko yana ajiyewa Taqwa de Michelangelo kuma yana biye da na San Sebastián, wanda rufi ya yi ado da mosaics na Pietro da Crotona da kuma inda kabarin John Paul II yake. Ayyukan sassaka suna biye da su Bernini da ɗakin sujada na Sacrament mai tsarki, tare da ƙofar da aka tsara ta Borromini.

A gefe guda na haikalin akwai cibiyar bishara, kuma tare da ɗakunan karatu na ban mamaki. Daga cikinsu, na Baftisma, aikin Carlo fontana, na Gabatarwa, inda aka binne Saint Pius X, ko na mawaƙa, tare da bagadin Ƙimar Ƙarfi.

A nata bangare, bayan wucewa ta hanyar transept ko perpendicular inda bagadan San Wenceslao, San José da Santo Tomás suke, zaku isa motar asibiti. Siffofin manyan mutane na Cocin sun ƙawata wannan kuma tana da bagadai da yawa. Daga cikin su, na Shugaban Mala'iku Saint Michael, na Santa Petronila da na Navicella.

A ƙarshe, a cikin presbytery ko ɓangaren da ke gaban babban bagadin, zaku sami Shugaban Saint Peter, wani babban kursiyin Bernini wanda ya haɗa da abin da, bisa ga almara, shine wurin zama na cocin Saint Peter. Kuma a cikin transept ne papal bagaden a karkashin baldachin na Saint Peter, tare da ginshiƙansa masu tsayin mita talatin da tagulla.

Santa María de la Sede y de la Asunción de Sevilla, babban coci a duniya.

Cathedral na Sevilla

Seville Cathedral, mafi girma a duniya

Yanzu, lalle ne, za mu yi magana da ku game da abin da yake, a takaice magana, mafi girma Cathedral a duniya. Wannan shine wanda yake a Seville, in ji sanarwar Kayan Duniya da tare da 11 murabba'in mita Na saman. An gina shi ne a tsakanin karni na XNUMX zuwa na XNUMX a saman wani tsohon masallaci, wanda a cikinsa aka kiyaye abubuwa guda biyu masu kyau.

Kamar yadda ƙila kuka yi tsammani, muna magana ne game da giralda, wadda ita ce minaret, kuma ba ta da kyau Farfajiyar bishiyar Orange. A cikin ginin babban coci sun yi aiki da abin da ake kira Jagora Carlin (Charles Galter), Bafaranshe wanda ya riga ya yi aiki a manyan cocin Gothic a Faransa. Diego de Riano, Martin de Gainza, Asensio de Maeda y Hernan Ruiz.

Wanda ke Seville shima Gothic ne, kodayake yana da sassan Renaissance. Yafi game da Gidan sujada, da Babban Sacristy da kuma Babin Gidan. A nata bangaren, Cocin tabernacle, hade da babban coci da kuma aikin na Miguel de Zumarragabaroque ne.

A kan fuskarsa ta yamma, haikalin yana da manyan kofofi uku masu ban sha'awa. da na Baftisma, tare da ɗakunan ajiya da abubuwan ganowa, ya karɓi wannan sunan domin yana ɗauke da taimako na Baftisma na Kristi a cikin tympanum. na da zato, a tsakiyar, an yi ado, riga a cikin karni na XNUMX, tare da siffofi na manzannin halitta ta Ricardo Bellver. A ƙarshe, na San Miguel Ya ƙunshi wakilcin Haihuwar Kristi kuma yana da sassaka sassaka na terracotta da yawa.

Cikin Katolika na Seville

Ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Cathedral na Seville

Mawaƙi mai ɗaukar nauyi na Cathedral na Seville

An rarraba babban coci a duniya a cikin jiragen ruwa guda biyar ba tare da rashin jin dadi ba ko ambulator, a kalla a cikin ma'ana. Domin shukar ta a zahiri tana da rectangular, tana da tsayin mita 116 da faɗin 76. Nave na tsakiya ya fi sauran tsayi kuma ya haɗa da wasu gine-gine guda biyu: da mawaka, da manyan gabobinsa, da kuma Babban ɗakin sujada trellised Na karshen yana cikin salon Renaissance kuma bagadin sa kayan ado ne na fasaha wanda a cikinsa zaku iya ganin sassaka na zane-zane. Budurwa na Hedikwatar kwanan wata a cikin karni na goma sha uku. Hakazalika, siffar Almasihu da aka giciye, wanda shine Gothic, ya fito fili a cikin wannan ɗakin sujada.

A gefe guda, babban majami'ar Sevillian yana da gidaje da yawa da yawa. Daga cikinsu kuma a matsayin misali, za mu ambaci masu daraja Alabaster Chapels, don haka ake kira saboda an yi su da wannan kayan kuma saboda Diego de Riano y Juan Gil de Hontanon. Amma kuma Chapel na cikin jiki, na Saint Gregory, na San Pedro ko Marshal ta.

Wani sinadari wanda zai ja hankalin ku na babban cocin duniya shine kyakykyawan tabo. Yana da fiye da tamanin, wanda aka halitta tsakanin ƙarni na sha huɗu da na ashirin. Wasu suna saboda masu fasaha kamar yadda suka yi fice kamar Arno na Flanders, Henry German o Vincent Menardo ne adam wata.

Cathedral Treasury

Seville Cathedral Treasury

Yankunan Taskar Cathedral na Seville

A ƙarshe, za mu gaya muku game da Cathedral Treasury, wanda za ku iya gani akan nuni a cikin dakuna da yawa. Ya haɗa da zane-zane masu yawa, kaset da kayan tarihi. Daga cikin na farko, akwai ayyukan da masu fasaha suka yi kamar su Pacheco, Zurbaran, Murillo o Valdes Leal. Amma, sama da duka gudansa, girman girman Rikon Arfe, tare da gawarwakinsa biyar kuma aka yi masa rawanin mutum-mutumi na Imani kuma ba karamin sanya tagulla ko tagulla ba. tenebrio sama da mita bakwai tsayi.

Haka nan, tana da tasoshin ruwa masu tsarki, gicciye masu tafiya, da wuraren sayar da abinci, riguna na liturgical da ƙananan bagadi. Har ma yana da gudan da suka danganci cin nasarar Seville ta Ferdinand III in Santo. Daga cikin wadannan akwai takobinsa da tutarsa ​​da makullan birnin.

A ƙarshe, mun nuna muku Cathedral mafi girma a duniya. Amma mun kuma gaya muku game da Basilica na San Pedro, wanda ya zarce girmansa. Kuma, don gamawa, muna so mu ambaci wasu manyan haikalin Kirista waɗanda kuma za su ba ku mamaki da girmansu da kyawunsu. Muna magana game da ban mamaki Burgos cathedral, tare da murabba'in mita 12; na Basilica na Uwargidanmu na Aparecida, a jihar São Paulo (Brazil), tare da 12; na Cathedral na Saint John the Divinea Nueva York, tare da murabba'in mita 11 kuma sanannen Duomo na Milan, wanda ya zarce murabba'in murabba'in mita 11.


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