A cikin Peru, tsakanin garuruwan Nazca da Palpa, ɗayan ɗayan shahararrun abubuwan archaeological koyaushe yana nan. A cikin wannan hamada akwai wasu tsaffin tsaffin geoglyphs wadanda kawai ake iya gani daga wani tsayi, wadanda suke siffofin dabbobi, na mutane da na geometric. Al'adar Nazca ce ta kirkiresu tsakanin shekara ta 200 BC zuwa 600 AD kuma tun lokacin da masu binciken kayan tarihi suka fara nazarin su a cikin shekarun XNUMX, ra'ayoyi da yawa game da asalinsu da ma'anoninsu sun bayyana, kodayake sun kasance sirri.
Layin Nazca wata taska ce ta ƙasa don Peru kuma suna kiyaye ta da himma. Koyaya, Nazca bashi da aminci daga duk haɗarin da ke barazanar sa. Duk wata kafa a yankin, saboda kayan aiki da yanayin yanayi, zai kasance alama ga dubunnan shekaru kuma duk wani lalacewar gaske da aka samar ba za a iya gyara shi ba.
Abin takaici, rashin wayewar kai game da tasirin wurin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya haifar da jerin ayyukan da suka cutar da Nazca sosai.
Lalacewar da aka yi akan Nazca
Mafi sabo kuma mafi barna a cikinsu ya faru ne a watan Janairun da ya gabata, lokacin da wani direba daga kamfanin sufuri ya isa Nazca Pampas duk da alamun da ke gargaɗin akasin hakan da haifar da mummunar lalacewa. a wurin adana kayan tarihi a wani yanki na kusan mita 100. A sakamakon haka, an bar saukakakkun alamu a ƙasa waɗanda suka shafi lambobi uku daga cikin shekaru dubu da aka zana cikin yashi.
A bayyane mutumin bai san yanayin mulkin yankin ba kuma ya shiga Nazca Pampas saboda motarsa tana da matsalar taya. Koyaya, Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Peru ta ba da rahoton cewa za ta la'anta direban a cikin wata sanarwa.
Amma Layin Nazca tuni ya lalace. A cikin 2014, yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Yanayi da aka gudanar a Lima, masu fafutuka daga kungiyar Greenpeace sun shiga yankin kuma, a yankin da hummingbird geoglyph din take, sun sanya manya manyan haruffa tare da sakon “Lokaci ya yi da za a canza! Nan gaba za'a sake sabunta shi. Greenpeace. " kawai ana iya gani daga sama. Bayan hayaniyar, Greenpeace ta yi kokarin ba da hakuri kan barnar da shafin ya yi, wanda tuni ba za a iya gyara shi ba.
Bayan shekara guda, a cikin Satumba 2015, wani batun ya sami damar zuwa wurin kuma ya rubuta sunansa a ɗayan geoglyphs. 'Yan banga da ke kula da kare Nazca sun tsare mutumin kuma suka mika shi ga mai gabatar da kara.
Jumla game da Nazca, menene asalin sa?
Da farko, masu binciken ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi sunyi tunanin cewa layukan Nazca hanyoyi ne masu sauki kawai, amma bayan wani lokaci sai wasu ra'ayoyin suka sami karfi wanda yake tabbatar da cewa "an gina wuraren bautar" don farantawa allahn tsayi.
A yau mun san cewa mazaunan Nazca sun halicci geoglyphs ta hanyar cire duwatsu daga farfajiyar don a iya ganin farin sandstone a ƙasa. Bugu da kari, godiya ga dimbin masu bincike daga Jami’ar Yamagata da ke Japan, mun san cewa akwai siffofi daban-daban guda hudu wadanda suke haduwa a kan hanyoyi daban-daban tare da manufa daya: garin Inca na Cahuachi. A yau dala ɗaya ce kawai ta rage a tsaye, amma a lokacin da take da kyau ita ce cibiyar hajji ta farko da kuma babban birnin al'adun Nazca.
A cewar masu binciken kayan tarihi na Japan, an gina adadi na Nazca ta hanyar aƙalla al'adu biyu daban-daban tare da dabaru da alamomi daban-daban, waɗanda za a iya gani a cikin geoglyphs waɗanda ke bin hanyar daga asalinsu zuwa garin Cahuachi.
Sun kuma gano cewa zane-zanen sun canza musamman a yankin mafi kusa da kwarin Nazca da hanyar da ke zuwa daga can zuwa Cahuachi. A wannan yankin akwai salon hoto daban-daban, wanda ya kebanta sama da kowa ta hanyar nuna halittun allahntaka da kawunansu kamar su lambobin yabo. Groupungiyar rukuni na uku mai yiwuwa wanda ƙungiyoyi biyu suka kafa ana samo su a kan yankin Nazca, sararin da ke tsakanin rabin al'adun biyu.
A cewar masu binciken kayan tarihi na Jafanawa, amfani da adadi na Nazca ya canza tsawon lokaci. Da farko an halicce su ne saboda dalilai na al'ada, amma daga baya an sanya su a kan hanyar da ta kai ga Cahuachi. Akasin abin da wasu ke tunani, a bayyane yake ba a yi amfani da waɗannan adadi don yin alama ga hanyar aikin hajji ba, tun da ya kamata ya riga ya zama kyakkyawan alama, amma don rayar da ra'ayoyi, tare da ba shi ma'anar al'ada.
Koyaya, mutane da yawa sunyi ƙoƙarin ba da amsar ma'anar layin Nazca kuma akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da asalin su. Masanin lissafi María Reiche ya rinjayi Paul Kosok ta hanyar faɗakar da zaton cewa waɗannan zane-zane suna da ma'anar taurari. Masana binciken kayan tarihi Reindel da Isla sun tono sama da shafuka 650 kuma sun yi nasarar gano tarihin al'adun da suka samar da wadannan zane-zane. Samun ruwa yana da matukar mahimmanci a yankin tunda hamada ce. Zane-zanen sun samar da shimfidar wuri na al'ada wanda dole ne dalilinsa ya inganta kiran gumakan ruwa. Masana ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun gano kirtani da sandunan da waɗannan mutane suke bin zane.
Menene Lines na Nazca suke wakilta?
Zane-zanen Nazca sune lissafi da zane. A cikin ƙungiyar alamomin mun sami dabbobi: tsuntsaye, birai, gizo-gizo, kare, igiya, kadangaru da maciji.
Kusan dukkan zane-zanen an yi su ne a farfajiyar farfajiyar kuma akwai 'yan kaɗan a kan gangaren tsaunuka. Kusan dukkan alkaluman da aka sanya a ciki suna wakiltar siffofin mutane ne. Wasu suna da rawanin layi uku ko huɗu waɗanda suke iya wakiltar fuka-fukan bikin ɗawainiya (wasu munanan mutanen Peru suna saye da zinare da gashin fuka-fukai).