Mongolia. Sunan kawai ke ɗaukar mu nan da nan zuwa ƙasashe masu nisa da ban mamaki, tare da fara'ar dubban shekaru. Babbar ƙasa ce, ba ta da iyaka, ta ninka girman Faransa sau uku, misali.
Tare da Rasha da China a matsayin maƙwabta, tana da surorin tarihinta waɗanda ke da ban sha'awa, kuma idan kun ƙara shimfidar shimfidar wuri zuwa wancan to babu shakka cewa ya cancanci kasancewa a cikin jerin wuraren da zaku tafi. Bari mu gani a yau abin da za a gani a Mongolia yin soyayya.
Mongolia
Tana da kilomita dubu 3 daga iyaka da Rasha, a arewa, kuma kusan kilomita 4.700 tare da China zuwa kudu. Daga wannan karshen zuwa wancan yankin Mongoliya ana iya raba shi zuwa yankuna hudu, da tudu, da tsaunuka, da tudu, da hamada.
Mongolia tana matsayi na 19 a jerin manyan ƙasashe a duniya, wanda bai wuce murabba'in kilomita miliyan 1 da rabi ba. Byananan mutane ne, ba su wuce mutane miliyan 3 ba, a tsakanin Mongolia da sauran ƙabilun. Rabin suna zaune a birane. An raba kasar zuwa larduna 21 kuma babban birninta shine garin Ulaanbaatar.
Duk da yake harshen hukuma shine Mongolian, yare na biyu mafi shahara shine Rasha. Addinai? Rabin Buddha ne kuma kashi 40% na Furotesta ne. Tsarin rayuwarsu ta gargajiya tafi ƙaura ce kamar yadda tushen tattalin arzikin ƙasar ya kasance koyaushe noma da kiwo. Babu shakka yau ba haka bane, amma har ma a cikin biranen akwai gama kai, al'umma, tsarin rayuwa.
Mongolia suna da alaƙar kusanci da Buddha na Tibet, kodayake kawai tare da faɗuwar Tarayyar Soviet ne suka sami damar sake aiwatar da ita kyauta. A cikin tarihi, ikon Tibet koyaushe yana dogara ne ta wata hanya ko wata a kan ƙabilun Mongoliya don ci gaba da rayuwa.
A ƙarshe, Mongolia ƙasa ce mai shuɗi, da rana mai yawa kusan kwana 250 na hasken rana a shekara. Lokacin bazara yana da zafi kuma lokacin sanyi yana daskarewa, saboda haka yi hankali ka tafi tsakanin Nuwamba zuwa Maris saboda yanayin zafin jiki na iya daskarewa.
Abin da za a gani a Mongolia
Mun raba kasar zuwa yankuna biyar: yamma, arewa, tsakiya, gabas da kudu. A tsakiyar shine babban birni, hanyar da ta saba zuwa Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar ko Ulaanbaatar. Yana cikin kwari kuma kogi ya ƙetare shi, a ƙalla sama da mita 1300 na tsawo.
Yana da kudi da masana'antar kasar da kumburi a tsarin sufurin kasa. Anan ne Filin jirgin saman Genghis Khan da tashar jirgin ƙasa inda Transmongoliyanci, jirgin da ya ratsa ƙasar daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma ya haɗu da Trans-Siberian a cikin garin Jining na ƙasar Sin.
An kafa shi a 1639 a matsayin mutane masu addini kuma a yau ya bayyana kwaminisanci a kan gine-gine. A zahiri, akwai ɗan gine-gine kaɗan da suka rage kafin Yaƙin Na Biyu, gami da wasu gidajen ibada daga karni na XNUMX: Dambadarjaalin da Daschoilin, Fadar Sanyin Bogd Khan, Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi, Gidan Tarihi na Art… A wani zamanin kuma akwai fadoji da yawa amma guda daya ne kawai ya rage, na hunturu, wanda ya zama gidan kayan gargajiya na sarki Mongolia na karshe kuma kyakkyawan hadadden gida ne guda shida.
Babban birni shine Filin Sukhbaatar, tare da mutum-mutumin dawakansa na Damdin Sukbaatar (a daidai inda aka ce kofur na waɗanda aka ambata ɗazu ya yi fitsari a ranar 8 ga Yulin 1921 a tsakiyar taron Red Army. Daga dandalin za ku ga ginin majalisar dokoki, da babban mutum-mutumi na Genghis Khan da Avenida Paz, wanda shine babba a cikin birni.
Gidan ibada na Choijin Lama abun alfahari ne daga 1908 kuma kamar yadda aka mayar dashi gidan kayan gargajiya a 1942 ya tsere daga halakar gidajen ibada na zamanin kwaminisanci. Gandan Gandan wata taska ce ta babban birni, wanda aka gina a karni na 26, tare da sanannen mutum-mutumin gwal na Migdij Janraisig, ƙwarjin bodhisattva mai daraja a Buddha, tsayin mitoci XNUMX.
Daga Ulaanbaatar akwai yawon shakatawa da yawa zai yiwu na daban-daban kwanaki na duration. Kuna iya zuwa Terekh, a ga Bikin Naadam, a hustay ko don jin daɗin yanayi a wuraren shakatawa na Gorkhi - Terej da de Bogd khan ko ajiyar Gun Galuut ko Khustai.
A cikin tsakiyar Mongoliya sauran hanyoyin zagayawa kuwa shine yin Gobi Desert safari, yawon shakatawa na gidajen ibada na addinin Buddha, ko tafiya ta tabkuna guda takwas, ko hawan dawakai ko kuma, idan kalandar ta zo daidai, shiga cikin ɗayan kyawawan bukukuwa na gargajiya da na almara kamar Yak Bikin ko kuma wanda aka ambata a sama, shi ne Naadam.
El kudancin Mongolia Hakanan yana ba da hamada Gobi amma yana ƙara da Eagle Valley, da Khongor dunes, Flaming Cliffs, Sum Khukh Burd oasis, Ongi Temple da White stupa. Kwarin Mikiya, Yol Am, igwa ce Kunkuntar tare da kogin da yake gudana ta dutsen Zuun Saikhan, kimanin kilomita 62 arewa maso yamma na Dalanzagdad, a tsakiyar lardin Gobi ta Kudu. A lokacin hunturu tana da harsunan kankara da kwazazzabai tare da duwatsu suna ba da shimfidar wurare masu ban mamaki.
Babban ramin yashi a Mongolia shine Khongor Els, tare da tsayin kilomita 180 kuma tsakanin tsayi 15 zuwa 20 mai tsayi mafi tsayi na mita 800. Wani yanki ne na hamada kuma akwai maɓuɓɓuga kusa da Kogin Khongor, a arewacin ƙarshen dune. Tare da iska, yashi yana yin sauti ta hanyar da za a tuna da injin jirgin sama ...
Don sashi, da Flaming Cliff ko Bayanzag, ya dauki nauyin mahimmanci binciken burbushin halittu. A nan a 1923 da gida na farko na qwai dinosaur gani a duk duniya. Da Sum Khukh zango Yana da taska, tare da gidan sufi na Mongoliya a kan karamin tsibirin Burd Lake. Tsagaan Suvarga, wanda aka fi sani da farin stupa, dutse ne mai faɗin mita 100 wanda iska ta sassaka shi tsawon dubunnan shekaru.
La Yammacin Mongolia ƙasar mikiya ce don haka yana da rabo idan kuna son waɗannan tsuntsayen. A ban mamaki bikin faruwa a nan, da Altai Golden Eagle Festival, Kuma koyaushe har ma a cikin babban tayin rangadin da hukumomin yawon bude ido ke da shi a yankin. Yamma, to, ƙasa ce ta daskararren tabkuna.
A arewa, zaku iya ziyartar dadadden dutsen da ke dutsen Uran, Mita 600 faɗi kuma zurfin 50 tare da ƙaramin tafkinsa na kimanin mita 20 a diamita. Tun cikin 60s yanki ne mai kariya da kyau, tare da gandun daji kore da beyar, barewa da agwagwa. A arewa kuma shine mafi girman gidan ibadar Buddhist, daidai kilomita 360 daga babban birnin. An gina shi a karni na 27 kuma yana ɗauke da ƙananan ƙananan haikalin XNUMX. shi ne Gidan bautar Amarbayasgalant.
Arewa ma gida ne Iyalan makiyaya 30 na makiyaya, makiyayan jan barewa, na imanin shaman da al'adun magabata, da kuma mafi girma da zurfin tafki a kasar, da Tekun Huvsgul. Wannan tabkin shine kuma babbar tashar ruwa ta wani kato, Lake Baikal. Yana da zurfin zurfi, an kewaye shi da tsaunuka da gandun daji kuma yanayin shimfidar wuri ya bambanta da yanayin shimfidar ƙasa na ƙasa. Tana da raɗaɗɗu 90 da kogi ɗaya da ya kwashe ta, Egiin Gol, wanda shine wanda ya isa Siberia, dama ga Baikal.
A ƙarshe, Gabashin Mongolia shine wurin da aka san shahararrun halayenta: Genghis Khan. Labari ne Deun boldog kuma anan tun daga 1962 akwai wani mutum-mutumi mai girma wanda yake tunawa da shekaru 800 na haihuwarsa. theasashen asalin babban Khan sun ƙunshi Khan Khentii Mountain National Park, tare da wurare masu mahimmanci na al'adu da yawa, tare da gandun daji, taiga da shimfidar wurare na tsaunuka. Yana da wani irin na tarihi abin tunawa ga al'umma da kuma UNESCO ta bayyana shi a matsayin Tarihin Duniya.
Kimanin kilomita 45 daga Batshireey soum akwai tsohuwar bango, ana kiyaye ta sosai, ana kiranta Ganuwar Magabata, an yi imanin cewa an gina shi a cikin karni na sha uku kuma kusa da wanda aka gano kusan kaburbura 60 na muhimman mutanen Mongol. Wataƙila har ma Genghis Khan. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da shi shine Tafkin HugNurr, inda a shekarar 1189, aka baiwa matashin taken Genghis Khan taken Temuujin, don sanya shi sarki na Mongols.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, daga abin da na danganta da hotuna a cikin labarin, Mongolia ƙasa ce mai kyawawan halaye na ɗabi'a wanda ba za'a iya mantawa da shi ba. Idan ka yanke shawarar tafiya, ba za ka yi nadama ba. Ko kuna son balaguron tafiya ko labarin masu nasara na Mongol ya ja hankalin ku. Tafiya mai kyau!