Al'adar Hindu

An san al'adun Indiya a duk duniya kamar ɗayan al'adu masu faɗi da ban tsoro wanda ya wanzu a yau, wannan kyakkyawar magana ta Asiya sakamakon sakamako ne mai haɗuwa da haɗuwa da abubuwa daban-daban. Babban haɗakar al'adu ne wanda ya mamaye halaye daga ƙasashe maƙwabta, wanda ke haifar da kyawawan halaye masu ban sha'awa, wanda ke nunawa a ɓangarorin da suka faɗi daga addini zuwa gine-gine, fasaha, gastronomy ko al'adu. Yawancin ta ya sa ta zama ɗayan ƙasa mafi ban sha'awa a doron ƙasa, kuma kyakkyawar hanyar yawon buɗe ido ga matafiya daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Wannan al'adar ta Hindu tana ba da hadisai na tsawon shekaru, wanda ya koma baya zuwa Rig-Veda, rubutu mafi tsufa a Indiya, daga karni na XNUMX BC Bayan mamayar Musulunci da mamayar kasashen Yammaci kan Indiya, al'adu daban-daban sun yi tasiri a kanta, amma kiyaye asalinta da al'adun ta. Ba shi yiwuwa a kirga al'adu da al'adun dubban shekaru a cikin rubutu guda, amma za mu yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar hangen nesa game da al'adun Indiya da abin da ke jawo mu zuwa gare shi.

Littlean tarihin Indiya

Tsohon tarihin India ya kasu zuwa Lokacin Vedic da lokacin Brahmanic. Na farko shine mafi tsufa a shekara ta 3000 BC, lokacin da wayewar Dravidian ke da wayewar al'adu, tare da masana'antar tagulla, aikin gona da ƙananan al'ummomi, ban da addinin mushiriki. Zamanin Brahmanic ya zo lokacin da Brahmins, wani akwati daga yankin Tekun Caspian, suka mamaye yankuna suna ƙirƙirar ƙananan masarautu. Koyaya, bayan babban mulkinsu da mulkin mallaka, mutane suka yi tawaye kuma suka haifar da addinin Buddha.

La mafi halin yanzu labarin yayi maganar mamayewar al'adu daban-daban, daga Farisawa zuwa Larabawa, Fotigal ko Ingilishi. Taƙaitaccen taƙaitacce ne, amma yana ba mu ra'ayi game da duk tasirin da wannan al'adun Indiya mai tushe ya samu cikin tarihi.

Tsarin gargajiya na al'adun Indiya

Wannan tsarin daidaita rayuwar jama'a ya sami asali kai tsaye daga addinin Hindu, babban addinin Indiya. Yana koya mana cewa an halicci mutane daga sassa daban-daban na jikin allahn Brahma, don haka ya halicci castan gari huɗu waɗanda suka mallake su tsawon ƙarnuka.

Daga bakin allahn Brahma ne Brahmans suka fito, ƙungiya mafi ƙarfi, firistoci. Chatria sune jarumawa masu daraja, waɗanda suka fito daga hannun allah. Vaisías su ne yan kasuwa da manoma, waɗanda suka fito daga cinyar allahn, kuma sudras ko bayi sune mafi ƙasƙanci, waɗanda suka fito daga ƙafafun allahn. Baya ga waɗannan su ne waɗanda ba za a taɓa ba, waɗanda ake ɗaukarsu baƙi ne, kuma waɗanda ba sa cikin ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ko al'umma, tunda za su iya yin ayyuka mafi ƙasƙanci, kamar tattara najasar ɗan adam. A halin yanzu, an murƙushe thean wasa da doka, amma ana kiyaye su saboda amfani da al'adu da kuma yadda tushen waɗannan suke cikin al'umma.

Addini a Indiya

Addini wani bangare ne mai matukar mahimmanci na al'adun Indiya, kuma a yau akwai addinai huɗu na asalin Indiya ko asalin Dharmic. Addinin Hindu shine mafi mashahurin addini, kuma na uku mafi girma a duniya. A ciki akwai makarantu da hadisai daban-daban da yawa, kuma addini ne ke bin al'adar 'yan wasa. Babban gumakansa sune Rama, Shivá, Visnú, Krisná da Kali.

A gefe guda kuma, akwai addinin Buddha, na biyar mafi mahimmanci a duniya, wanda Sidarta Gautama, ɗan Raja na masarautar Sakias ya kafa, wanda ya bar komai ya zama mai bara, yana kiran kansa Buddha, wanda ke nufin mai wayewa. Ya dogara ne da aikin kyakkyawa, sadaka, soyayya da sauran kyawawan halaye kuma ba ilimin ba. Akwai kuma Yainism, kwatankwacin Buddha, da Sikhism, addinin kadaita ne tsakanin Islama da Hindu.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Indiya: Imani da Alloli

Kiɗa da raye-raye na al'adun Hindu

Maganganu na kiɗa shima haɗakarwa ce ta jama'a da sautunan gargajiya, wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar raye-raye na gargajiya da na al'ada na ƙasar. Koyaya, Akwai raye-rayen Hindu guda 8 waxanda aka sanya su a matsayin na gargajiya, kuma waxanda aka shigar da su cikin tsarin karantarwar gargajiya saboda matsayinsu na asalin gargajiya ta Hindu. Ana koyar da shi a cikin babbar kwalejin ƙasa ta kiɗa, rawa da wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya haɗa da raye-raye na: bharatanatyam, katari, katali, mohinyattam, kuchipudi, manipuri, odissi y satriya. Waɗannan raye-raye ne na nau'ikan labarai masu ban mamaki waɗanda suka hada da abubuwan almara mai ban mamaki, ba za ku iya tafiya zuwa Indiya ba tare da shaidar ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan ban mamaki ba.

Har ila yau, akwai waƙoƙin gargajiya da ke gudana a wasu yankuna na ƙasar. Akwai Bauls a Bengal, waƙar Bhangra a arewa ko Quawwali a cikin Pujab.

Gastronomy na al'adun Indiya

Cin a nan yana da fa'ida ga palate. Abincin Indiya an san shi da kayan ƙanshi mai daɗi, kuma don ingantaccen amfani da kayan yaji daban-daban, koyaushe ya dogara da shinkafa da masara. Yawancin kayan ƙanshi daban-daban da muke cinyewa a yau, kamar su barkono mai baƙar fata, sun samo asali ne daga nan, don haka 'yan Hindu suna da kyakkyawar kulawa da su. Koyaya, wannan abincin na iya zama ɗan haɗari ga masu fama da rashin lafiyan, kasancewar irin wannan abinci mai yaji, fiye da mutum ɗaya na iya samun wahala.

Akwai jita-jita na yau da kullun waɗanda bai kamata ku daina ƙoƙari da zarar kun je Indiya ba, tunda gastronomy koyaushe muhimmin ɓangare ne na al'adun kowace ƙasa. Kaza Tandoori shine gasasshiyar kazar da aka dafa a yogurt kuma aka dandana ta da kayan ƙanshi na tandoori. Hakanan akwai wasu jita-jita waɗanda zasu iya zama sananne a gare ku, kamar biryani, wanda shine shinkafa tare da haɗin kayan ƙanshi, tunda bai kamata mu manta cewa kayan ƙanshi suna da mahimmanci a cikin abincin Indiya ba. Pizza na Indiya ko uthathaappam tushe ne na kullu da aka yi da garin alkama da na shinkafa tare da kayan lambu da sauran kayan haɗi, kwatankwacin pizza da aka saba. A cikin ɓangaren zaƙi kuna da jalebi, kullu mai zaƙi da aka jiƙa a cikin syrup, tare da halayyar lemu mai kyau da siffar maƙarƙashiyar birgima.