Daga cikin garuruwan Nazca da Palpa a cikin Peru akwai ɗayan shahararrun abubuwan archaeological koyaushe. A cikin wannan jejin, daya daga cikin busassun halittu a doron kasa, akwai wani tsari mai girman gaske geoglyphs kawai ana iya gani daga wani tsayi, wanda ke samar da siffofin dabba, na mutane da na lissafi. Al'adar Nazca ce ta kirkiresu tsakanin shekara ta 200 BC zuwa 600 AD kuma tun lokacin da masu binciken kayan tarihi suka fara nazarin su a cikin XNUMXs, ra'ayoyi da yawa game da asalinsu da ma'anar su sun bayyana.
Manufofin daban-daban game da Nazca
Da farko, masana ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi sunyi tunanin cewa layukan Nazca hanyoyi ne masu sauki kawai, amma bayan lokaci sai wasu ra'ayoyin suka sami karfi wanda yake tabbatar da hakan "Wuraren sujada" an kirkireshi don farantawa allahn tsayi.
A yau mun san cewa mazaunan Nazca sun halicci geoglyphs ta hanyar cire duwatsu daga farfajiyar don a iya ganin farin sandstone a ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, godiya ga yawancin masu bincike daga Jami'ar Yamagata a Japan mun san hakan akwai siffofi daban-daban guda hudu waɗanda ke haɗuwa cikin hanyoyi daban-daban tare da manufa guda: pre-Inca garin Cahuachi. A yau dala ɗaya ce kawai ta rage a tsaye amma a lokacin da take mafi kyau ita ce cibiyar hajji ta farko da kuma babban birnin al'adun Nazca.
A cewar masana tarihi na Jafanawa, adadi na Nazca ya gina ta aƙalla al'adu biyu daban-daban tare da fasahohi da alamomi daban-daban, waɗanda za a iya gani a cikin geoglyphs waɗanda ke bin hanyar daga asalinsu zuwa garin Cahuachi.
Sun kuma gano hakan zane-zane sun canza musamman a yankin mafi kusa da kwarin Nazca da kuma hanyar da ta tashi daga can zuwa Cahuachi. A wannan yankin akwai salon hoto daban-daban, wanda ke sama da duka ta hanyar nuna halittun allahntaka da kawuna kamar dai sune lambobin yabo. Groupungiyar rukuni na uku mai yiwuwa wanda ƙungiyoyi biyu suka kafa ana samun su a yankin Nazca, sararin da ke tsakanin rabin al'adun biyu.
A cewar masanan tarihi na Jafanawa amfani da adadi na Nazca yana canzawa akan lokaci. Da farko an halicce su ne saboda dalilai na al'ada, amma daga baya an sanya su a kan hanyar da ta kai Cahuachi. Akasin abin da wasu ke tunani, a bayyane yake ba a yi amfani da waɗannan adadi don yin alama ga hanyar aikin hajji ba, tun da ya kamata ya riga ya zama alama mai kyau, amma don rayar da ra'ayoyi, tare da ba shi ma'anar al'ada.
Koyaya, mutane da yawa sunyi ƙoƙari don ba da amsa ga ma'anar layin Nazca kuma akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da asalinsa. Masanin lissafi María Reiche ya rinjayi Paul Kosok ta hanyar faɗakar da zaton cewa waɗannan zane-zane suna da ma'anar taurari. Masana binciken kayan tarihi Reindel da Isla sun tono sama da shafuka 650 kuma sun sami nasarar gano tarihin al'adun da suka samar da wadannan zane. Samun ruwa yana da matukar mahimmanci a yankin tunda hamada ce. Zane-zanen sun samar da shimfidar wuri na al'ada wanda dole ne dalilinsa ya inganta kiran gumakan ruwa. Masu ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun gano kirtani da sandunan da waɗannan mutane ke bin zane.
A shekarar 1968, marubucin nan dan kasar Switzerland Erich von Däniken ya wallafa littafinsa mai suna 'Memories of the Future', in da a ciki ya yi da'awar cewa a zamanin da dan Adam ya tuntubi baki. A lokacin ne layin Nazca ya kasance yana da alaƙa da irin wannan yanayin ta hanyar bayyana cewa sun yi aiki azaman tsiri don saukar da jiragen ruwa na baƙi.
Menene layin Nazca yake wakilta?
Zane-zanen Nazca iri daban-daban ne: akwai yanayin lissafi da siffa. A cikin ƙungiyar zane-zane mun sami zane na dabbobi: tsuntsaye tsakanin tsayin 259 da 275 (hummingbirds, consors, heron, parrots ...) birai, gizo-gizo, kare, iguana, kadangaru da maciji.
Kusan dukkanin zane an yi su ne a saman ƙasa kuma 'yan kadan ne daga gangaren tsaunuka. Kusan dukkan alkaluman da aka sanya a ciki suna wakiltar siffofin mutane ne. Wasu suna da rawanin layi uku ko huɗu a tsaye waɗanda wataƙila suna wakiltar gashin fuka-fukan bikin shagulgulan bikin (wasu munanan mutanen Peru suna saye da zinare da gashin fuka-fukai).
Rikicin kwanan nan tsakanin Greenpeace da Nazca
Layin Nazca wata taska ce ta ƙasa don Peru. Suna da kariya sosai amma a cikin 2014 wani aikin da Greenpeace yayi ya haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba a yankin. Manufar ita ce sanya saƙo a cikin manyan haruffa waɗanda ake iya gani daga sama kawai a ce, “Lokaci ya yi da za a canza! Nan gaba za'a sake sabunta shi. Greenpeace. »
Duk wata kafa a yankin, saboda kayan aiki da yanayin yanayi, alama ce ta dubunnan shekaru kuma mafi munin abu shine a yayin aiwatar da su sun lalata daya daga cikin layukan da ke bayyane da mahimmanci. Greenpeace tayi ƙoƙarin neman gafara saboda lalacewar ɗabi'a tunda Nazca wuri ne mai tsarki ga Peruvians. Koyaya, ainihin lalacewar da aka yiwa a yankin da aka ayyana a 1994 a matsayin Tarihin Duniya ya riga ya gyaru.