Ina son koyaushe majami'u gothic sama da na sauran tsarin gine-ginen, kuma idan abu daya ya same ku, akwai cocin da ba za ku rasa shi ba: the Cathedral na Santa María de Burgos, a Spain.
Babbar coci ce mai kyau wacce ke riƙe da al'adu da yawa, fasaha da kuma abubuwan al'ajabi na addini. Sau da yawa yana da shekaru ɗari, tare da tarihi da yawa, wanda har yanzu yana tsaye duk da lokaci kuma wanda ke kiran ku zuwa doguwar tafiya ta cikin ɗakunan ibada, kofofin ƙofofin, alfarma, bagadan da sauran bangarorin masu ban sha'awa.
Babban cocin Burgos
Yayinda yake haikalin yanzu Yana cikin tsarin Gothic kuma ya samo asali ne daga karni na XNUMX Ba shine farkon wanda aka ɗaga anan ba. Tsakanin 1080 zuwa 1095 akwai babban cocin Romanesque wanda ya kasance wurin mahimman abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin kamar aure tsakanin Fernando III da Beatriz de Suavia, daidai da ƙimar da Burgos ke da shi a wancan lokacin a matsayin babban birnin Castilian-Leonese Masarauta.
Daidai ne wannan ƙimar da mahimmancinta a fadada zuwa sauran Turai, wanda ya bayyana a sarari cewa Burgos na buƙatar haikalin mafi mahimmanci. Kwayar cuta ce ta babban cocin na yanzu, wanda an aza harsashin ginin a watan Yulin 1221. An kawo malamai da masu gine-gine daga Faransa saboda ra'ayin farko shi ne yin wani abu kwatankwacin Katolika na Notre Damme ko na Reims.
Don haka, a cikin farkon shekaru tara ayyukan sun ci gaba sosai kuma zuwa 1230 an riga an fara bautar wannan, da babban cocin gothic na farko a bakin teku. Lokacin da aka kammala waɗannan wurare, da chevet, da naves na motar ɗaukar kaya da kuma majami'unsu daban-daban da kuma ƙungiyar mawaƙa - apse, an rushe babban cocin Romanesque. Ayyuka daga baya sun gudana kuma haka a 1260 aka tsarkake haikalin gaba daya.
Kammala ginin babban coci a cikin shekaru 40 kawai babbar nasara ce. Katolika, a wancan lokacin, za a iya gina shi ƙarnuka don haka wanda ke Burgos yana da darajar hakan. Duk da haka, akwai sababbin ayyuka da yawa daga baya don haka physiognomy na haikalin yanzu ba haka bane. Mafi mahimman canje-canje sun faru a cikin karni na XNUMX kuma akwai uku: an canza dome kuma an gina spiers da Chapel of the Constables.
Aarni ɗaya daga baya, tare da Chapel na Relics da sabon sacristy, an kammala faɗaɗa. Shekaru ne da aka cika babban coci da ayyukan fasaha, kodayake ba a aiwatar da manyan shirye-shiryen maidowa ba. Don waɗannan ayyukan, babban cocin Burgos ya jira har ƙarni na XNUMX da XNUMX.
Amma a cikin layuka gabaɗaya yaya babban coci? Da kyau yana da Tsarin Latin na kan iyaka 84 daga mita 59 da ramin uku: na tsakiya daya daga mita goma sha daya da tsayin mita 25 sai kuma sauran na gefe. Ayyukan fasaha suna ko'ina: agogo tare da otomatik, mai tashi sama, babban bagade na wannan Renaissance, kyawawan kaburbura na masarauta, mawaƙa tare da ɗakunan goro masu tamani, gabobi biyu, ɗaya baroque da ɗayan neoclassical, da kayan kwalliya, kuma hakika, sanannen matattakalar zinare tare da abubuwa da yawa da aka zana kuma a cikin kowane ɗakin sujada wani abin mamakin.
Raba sakin layi Na so in sanya sunan a nan kuma zaku gani kabarin Cid da Doña Jimena. An motsa su a cikin 1921 daga gidan sufi na San Pedro de Cardeña kuma a yau kabari ne mai sauƙi wanda aka lulluɓe da katuwar marmara kuma an zagaye shi da sanduna na ƙarni na XNUMX.
Ziyarci babban cocin Burgos
Babban cocin yana da awowi daban-daban da wasu awoyi na musamman:
- Daga 19 ga Maris zuwa 31 ga Oktoba yana buɗewa daga 9:30 na safe zuwa 7:30 na yamma, yana rufe hanyar zuwa 6:30 na yamma.
- Daga Nuwamba 1 zuwa 18 ga Maris yana buɗewa daga 10 na safe zuwa 7 na yamma kuma yana rufe ƙofofin a 6 na yamma.
- Awanni na musamman wasu ranaku ne: Afrilu 7, 8 ga Disamba, 24 da 31 da Janairu 1. Don sanin waɗannan awanni kawai ku ziyarci gidan yanar gizon babban coci.
- Babban cocin yana da izinin shiga kyauta a ranar Talata da yamma daga 4:30 zuwa 6:30 na yamma a lokacin hunturu daga 4:30 zuwa 6 na yamma.
- Kudin shiga na mutum yakai Yuro 7, sama da euro 65s 6, ɗalibai ƙasa da 28 sun biya Yuro 4, yara daga 50 zuwa 7 su biya Yuro 14 kuma ga ƙungiyoyi sama da 2 mutane tikitin yakai euro 15. Mahajjata tare da takaddun shaida bi da bi suna biyan yuro 6, nakasassu euro 4 da marasa aikin yi yuro 50. Farashin tikiti daban-daban ya haɗa da amfani da jagororin mai jiwuwa.
Abin da za a ziyarta a Burgos Cathedral
Akwai wasu kusurwa na haikalin da ke da kyau da gaske waɗanda ba za ku iya rasa su ba. A waje zaka iya ɗaukar hoto kuma ka yaba da murfi daban-daban farawa da babba wanda yake gaban Plaza de Santa María kuma yana cikin salon Gothic tare da ɓangarori uku, yana ci gaba da sake dawowa da kyawawan siffofin alabasta na Saint Paul da Saint Peter da kuma ɗakin sujada da yawa.
La Chapel na Santa Tecla, budurwa kuma shahidi daga karni na XNUMX, mai kyan gani ne, mai launuka da yawa a cikin rumbunsa, wakiltar mala'iku da waliyyai. Da babban bagade Baroque ne, zinariya, tare da sassaka Santa Tecla yana ƙonewa a kan gungumen azaba. Wani ɗakin sujada mai ban sha'awa shine Chapel na Conception ko Santa Ana, aiki daga rabi na biyu na karni na XNUMX, na furannin Gothic art tare da masarufi da manyan birane ko'ina.
La Chapel na ablesan sanda ana tallata shi a matsayin babban coci a cikin wani babban cocin saboda shine mafi mahimmanci da kyau daga duk abubuwan da wannan gidan ibada yake da su. An gina shi da kuɗin Don Pedro Fernández de Velasco da matarsa, thean sanda na Castile, a yau an gabatar da su a cikin gumakan marmara na Carrara. An gina ta ne a kan Chapel na San Pedro da kuma wani shafi kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1496. Tana da kyakkyawar taska mai kama da tauraruwa, duk Gothic filigree, aikin Simón de Colonia.
Wani zane mai daukar hankali shine ake kira Matakalar Zinare, wanda yake a ƙarshen ƙarshen jirgin ruwa, yana haɗa babban cocin tare da Calle de Fernán González ta hanyar ƙetare ƙofar Coronería da kuma adana digo na mita takwas a lokacin da aka gina shi. Matakan bene aikin Diego de Siloe ne kuma an kammala shi a shekara ta 1523. Yana da matakai 19 kuma an ƙawata shi da kayan zoomorphic da na shuke-shuke, shugabannin mala'iku, furanni da kwari. Tana da kyau sosai kuma ta shahara sosai An tsara shi bayan tsani na wasan opera na Paris.
La rumfunan mawaƙa Yana da gwaninta, aikin manyan masu sassaka sassa: kujeru 44 tare da bayan gida a cikin jirgin kasa da kuma 59 a matakin sama, duk an kawata su da sassaucin rayuwar Kristi. Itace icen goro kuma grille daga shekara ta 1602. A ƙarshe, kar a rasa ganin wannan Wucewa tare da ayyukan fasaha guda biyar, Babban sacristy, transept da dome, the babban bagade kuma ba shakka da Gidan Tarihi na Cathedral.
Gaskiyar ita ce cewa tare da ayyuka da yawa na fasaha a cikin Cathedral na Burgos, mafi kyawun abin da zaku iya yi shine samun jagorar odiyo a hannu, wanda aka haɗa shi cikin farashin tikiti.