Florence ita ce ɗayan kyawawan biranen birni a cikin Italiya. Mutane da yawa suna yin kwana biyu ko uku don yin tafiya mai nisa a ƙasar, amma ina ba da shawarar daɗewa sosai. Kuna da abubuwa da yawa don gani! Ko kuma a sauƙaƙe, zaku iya yin hayan keken hawa ku yi tafiya cikin titunanta.
Ofaya daga cikin gine-ginen alamar birnin shine Cathedral na Florence. Yana da kyau, amma ba walƙiya. Abu mafi ban sha'awa da yake da shi kuma ina ba da shawarar kada a daina yi shi ne hawa ta cikin karkatacciyar ciki zuwa dome kuma daga can, sannan jin daɗin ra'ayoyi masu ban mamaki na birni da kewaye.
Cathedral na Florence
Gininsa ya fara a 1296 kuma ya ƙare a 1436. A wancan lokacin gina irin wadannan manyan gine-gine ya dauki lokaci. Shin kun karanta Ginshiƙan ƙasa? by Ken Follet. Littafin yayi bayani sosai game da dogon tsari mai rikitarwa na ginin gini tare da waɗannan halaye.
Babban cocin da muke gani yau, daga Santa Maria del Fiore, sun maye gurbin cocin da baya bada wadatar wadatar yawan mutanen garin. An tsara sabon ginin ta Arnolfo di Cambio, mai zana gine-ginen Tuscan kuma mai zane-zane wanda kuma ya tsara Palazzo Vecchio da Cocin Santa Croce. Amma Arnolfo ya mutu a 1310, bayan shekaru talatin yana aiki, don haka mukamin ya karɓa Giotto kuma a kan mutuwarsa, a cikin 1337, ya kasance mataimakinsa Andrea Pisano mai sanya hoto, wanda ya ci gaba.
Ba su kaɗai ne masu zanen gidan da ke kula da ayyukan ba yayin da Pisano ya mutu daga cutar ta Black Death shekaru goma bayan haka, kuma yayin da ginin ya bazu a kan lokaci sai sauran masu zane-zane suka bi zane-zane kuma suka ba da nasu gudummawar. A ƙarshe, Paparoma Eugene IV ya tsarkake shi a cikin Maris 1436. Yaya cocin yake?
Basilica ce tare da tsakiya nave tare da raƙuman ruwa huɗu da ƙirar gaba ɗaya na latin giciye. Yana da wata babbar Haikali, na 8.300 murabba'in mita, 153 tsawo da kuma 38 mita fadi. Bakannin da ke cikin farfajiyar suna da tsayin mita 23 kuma tsayin dome shine mita 114.5. Kuma dome abin birgewa ne tun bayan ƙarni ɗaya bayan fara ginin babban cocin, ya kasance sananne saboda rashi. Akwai samfurin kawai, mai ban sha'awa a cikin girmansa da ƙirar octagonal.
Dome dole ne ya zama mai ban mamaki kuma ya kula da hakan a ƙarshe Brunelleschi. Har ma yana da jin daɗin tafiya gaba kuma ya kuskura ya sanya fitila a saman dome. Don haka, an sanya rufin kwanon tare da ƙwallan tagulla da gicciye da ke ɗauke da kayan tarihi masu tsarki.
Da wannan ado dome ya kai tsayin ƙarshe na mita 114.5. Lightwallan tagulla bugun walƙiya ya tsaya a cikin 1600 amma an maye gurbinsa da wanda ya fi girma ba da daɗewa ba. an yi amannar cewa hatta wannan sabon kwallan tagulla wani saurayi ne ya tsara shi Leonardo da Vinci, cewa a wancan lokacin yana aiki a cikin bita wanda ke kula da shi. Duk da haka dai, ban mamaki.
A gefe guda, façade na ainihi sakamakon aikin masu zane daban-daban kuma an cire wasu ayyukan asali a lokacin Franceso I de Medici lokacin da aka canza shi zuwa salon Renaissance. Ya kasance akwai juyawa da yawa da yawa cewa har zuwa karni na XNUMX façade ya kusan tsirara.
Yau façade tana cikin salon neo-Gothic, a cikin fari, kore da jan marmara. Ya dace da hasumiyar kararrawa da kuma wurin baftisma kuma yana da sauki. Babban kofofin tagulla An sanya su a farkon karni, daga XNUMX zuwa XNUMX, kuma suna wakiltar al'amuran daga rayuwar Budurwa.
Akwai mosaics a sama da su da wasu taimako a ƙasa. Hakanan a saman ƙofofin akwai jerin abubuwa tare da manzannin goma sha biyu kuma a tsakiya, Budurwa da thean Yesu. Kuma tsakanin taga fure da tympanum wani gallery tare da busts na masu zane-zanen Florentine.
Idan na waje mai sauki ne kuma ba mai chromatic sosai ba, iri daya ne. Yana da girma kuma kusan fanko ne don haka babu abubuwa da yawa da za'a gani, amma kyauta ake shigo dashi saboda yawanci koyaushe mutane ne. Suna haskakawa, ee, nasu 44 gilashin gilashi masu launiBabba a zamaninsu, wanda ke nuna al'adu daga Tsoho da Sabon Alkawari. Da kira Ee ana iya ziyarta kuma zaku ga kango na Rome, kango na tsohon babban coci da kabarin Brunelleschi.
Giorgio Vasari ya yi ado da dome tare da al'amuran Shari'a na Lastarshe, kodayake galibi ɗayan ɗalibansa ne suka zana, Zuccari. Kuma kamar yadda na fada a baya, a farkon post, hau ciki zuwa saman komai kuma ku fita waje Shine abin da bai kamata ku daina yi ba. Dole ne kawai ku sami ƙarfin hawa 463 matakai da murɗawa ta cikin kunkuntar hanyoyin inda kuka ci karo da mutane suna tafiya ta kishiyar shugabanci.
Abu mai kyau shine zaka iya buɗe ziyarar saboda dome yana buɗewa a wasu lokuta. Yana yin shi daga 8:30 na safe zuwa 7 na yamma duk da cewa a rufe yake a hutu.
Bayani mai amfani don ziyarci Cathedral na Florence
- Awanni: bude Litinin, Talata, Laraba da Juma'a daga 10 na safe zuwa 5 na yamma. Alhamis ana budewa daga 10 na safe zuwa 3:30 na yamma, ya danganta da watan; A ranar Asabar ana bude ta daga 10 na safe zuwa 4:45 na yamma kuma a ranakun Lahadi da hutu ana buɗewa daga 1:30 zuwa 4:45 na yamma. An rufe a ranar 1 da 6 na Janairu, Ista da Kirsimeti.
- Farashi: farashin tikitin yakai euro 18 akan kowane baligi. Yaran da ke tsakanin shekara 6 zuwa 11 suna biyan yuro 3 kuma ƙananan yara ba sa biya. Tikitin ya hada da ziyartar babban coci, gidan ibada, da kera, da hasumiyar kararrawa da kuma Museo della Opera.