Basilica na Virgen de Atocha | Hoto ta hanyar Skyscrapercity
Kusa da Plaza de Carlos V a Madrid, wanda aka fi sani da Atocha, shine Basilica na Lady of Atocha. Tarihinta ya samo asali ne daga sadaukarwa ga karamin hoto na Budurwa da aka kawo daga Antakiya bisa ga almara. Kusa da ita shine Pantheon of Illustrious Men inda aka binne yan siyasa da mutane na karni na XNUMX.
Waɗannan su ne wurare masu ban sha'awa don ziyarta a cikin babban birnin Sifen, amma yawancin baƙi da ke zuwa Madrid ba sa lura da su. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a yau muke zagaya cikin tarihin basilica da pantheon, manyan abubuwa biyu da ke da alaƙa da manyan ƙasar. Za ku iya zuwa tare da mu?
Basilica na Uwargidanmu ta Atocha
A wajajen ƙarni na XNUMX, an gina tsohuwar ɗakunan ajiya, wanda da shigewar lokaci ya lalace har sai a ƙarni na XNUMX an ƙirƙiri wani babban coci da kuma gidan zuhudu na Dominican. Mai tallata shi Fray Juan Hurtado de Mendoza, wanda ya faɗi sarauta Carlos V. Tun daga wannan lokacin, dangin gidan sarautar Sifen sun ji daɗin fifiko ga Budurwa ta Atocha, har ma sun zama masu zage dantse don nasarar yaƙi na Felipe II. Ya kasance yana zuwa wajenta koda yaushe don neman taimakon Allah da kuma yin godiya akan ni'imomin ta.
Felipe IV ya sanar da ita a cikin 1643 mai kare masarautar Spain da sarauta. Don haka, a farkon ƙarni na XNUMX, Sarauniya Regent María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena ta fara al'adar gabatar da sabbin sarakuna waɗanda werean Budurwa na Atocha suka haifa.
Cikin Basilica na Atocha
Bayan ganimar da sojojin Napoleonic suka yi a farkon karni na XNUMX an sake dawo da hadadden kuma bayan kwacewa an mayar da gidan zuhudu na Dominican zuwa barikin nakasassu. Saboda mummunan halin da ya kai kusan 1890, Sarauniya Regent María Cristina ta ba da izinin aikin sabon Basilica na Budurwa ta Atocha a cikin salon Roman na Gabas kuma an ba da umarnin gina Pantheon of Illustrious Men.
Yakin basasa zai yi rauni a coci yayin da aka ƙone shi, ya rasa duk ayyukan fasaha ban da hoton Budurwa ta Atocha wacce a baya aka ɓoye a cikin gida mai zaman kansa. Ba zai zama ba har sai shekaru goma daga baya lokacin da aikin maidowa ya fara, yana amfani da wani ɓangare na ganuwar da ta riga ta kasance amma kawar da duk wani abu na kayan ado na Byzantine.
A wajajen 60s na karni na XNUMX, an gina makarantar Virgen de Atocha tana shugabantar kan hasumiyar sansanin da ke filin kyauta da filayen wasanni.
Basilica na Virgin of Atocha yana kan Avenida Ciudad de Barcelona nº 1 a Madrid.
Menene Basilica na Budurwa ta Atocha?
Wannan basilica tana da tsakar gida guda, majami'un gefe da kuma hotuna tsakanin buttresses, saukar da vault tare da abincin rana da kuma ɗakin sujada a kai. Façade a ƙafa, na salon kayan gargajiya, an saka shi da zinare mai kusurwa uku kuma an haɗa shi da hasumiyoyi biyu tare da guntun jirgi a cikin "salon Austrian". Yankin na conventual, tare da shirin "L", an haɗe shi a kan kai, yana samar da sutura tare da shirin murabba'i.
Pantheon of Illustrious Maza
Hoto | Flickr ta S. López Fasto
Pantheon of Illustrious Maza yana ba da amsa ga biyu daga cikin abubuwan da ke ƙarshen ƙarshen karni: gine-ginen tarihi da sassaka zane. Dalilin da ya bayyana shine yasa anan wurin jana'izar "mutanenmu masu ban mamaki" ya faro ne daga 1837, lokacin da Cortes Generales suka jefa kuri'a kan wani aiki na canza cocin San Francisco el Grande zuwa National Pantheon of Illustrious Men. Wadannan ya kamata Kotuna su zaɓe su shekaru hamsin bayan mutuwarsu. An gabatar da sunaye da yawa, suna watsar da waɗanda ba za a iya dawo da ragowar mutum ba (Cervantes, Velázquez, Tirso de Molina, da sauransu)
A ƙarshe an ƙaddamar da wannan pantheon na farko a cikin 1869, wanda ke karɓar ragowar mawaƙan Juan de Mena, Garcilaso de la Vega da Alonso de Ercilla; sojoji Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (Babban Kyaftin) da Federico Gravina; Babban Alkalin Aragon Juan de Lanuza; marubuta Francisco de Quevedo da Pedro Calderón de la Barca da kuma magina Ventura Rodríguez da Juan de Villanueva. Koyaya, bayan shekaru an mayar da su zuwa wuraren asalinsu, wanda ya rufe na ɗan lokaci ra'ayin ƙirƙirar pantheon na ƙasa.
Sarauniya Regent María Cristina, gwauruwa ta Sarki Alfonso XII, ta ɗauki shawarar a 1890 kuma ta yanke shawarar ware wani ɓangare na yankin Basilica na Budurwa ta Atocha nan gaba don wannan. Zaɓin wannan wurin ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mutane kamar José de Palafox, Francisco Castaños, Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha ko Juan Prim an binne su a ciki, tunda sun kasance daraktocin barikin Invalides waɗanda aka ba da izini a wani ɓangare na wannan shingen bayan tashi daga Spain na sojojin Napoleonic.
Bayan an kammala Pantheon of Illustrious Men, a cikin 1901 aka tura ragowar waɗanda aka ambata a baya zuwa gare ta amma, kamar yadda zai faru da na 'yan siyasar da aka binne a can a cikin shekarun baya, da yawa an sake tura su wasu wurare, biranensu na da'awar tushe.
A halin yanzu fitattun mutane goma sha uku daga tarihin Siyasa da tarihin soja sun kasance a nan a cikin kaburburan da shahararrun masu sassaka kamar Agustín Querol ko Mariano Benilliure suka yi. Daga cikin haruffan da za mu iya samu su ne: Ríos Rosas, Cánovas del Castillo, José de Canalejas, Palafox, Castaños, Prim da Concha, da sauransu.
Pantheon of Illustrious Men yana cikin titin 3 Julián Gayarre a cikin Madrid. Yana buɗewa daga Talata zuwa Asabar daga 10 na safe. zuwa 14. kuma daga 16h. da karfe 18 na yamma. kuma ranar lahadi da hutu daga 10 na safe. a 15 na yamma.