Yin tunani game da Rome don yin tunanin matattarar wayewar Yammacin Turai, a cikin tsaunuka bakwai, a cikin gine-ginenta masu ban mamaki, waɗanda ke ba da shaida ga rayuwar da ta gabata a matsayin babban birni na ɗayan manyan dauloli na zamanin da. Kuma tabbas hakan shine a ji zuciyar Kiristanci ta doke daga dandalin Vatican.
Dangane da dogon tarihinsa, a cikin Rome akwai abubuwa da yawa don ganowa. Labarai masu ban sha'awa, wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna wanzuwa. Wannan shine batun catacombs na Rome, galleran karkashin kasa wanda Kiristoci ke amfani dashi azaman makabarta shekaru da yawa. A da akwai katako fiye da 60 amma biyar daga cikin su ne suka zo mana cikin yanayi mai kyau don ziyarce su.
A rubutu na gaba, zamu kusanci catacombs na San Calixto don sanin asalinta, ƙarshenta, halayenta da ƙari. Kada ku rasa shi!
Tushen catacombs
A lokacin karni na XNUMX, Kiristocin Rome ba su da makabartu na kansu, don haka suka koma makabartar gama gari wadanda maguzawa ma kan yi amfani da su wajen binne matattunsu. A saboda wannan dalili, Saint Peter da Saint Paul bayan shahadarsu aka binne su a cikin necropolis na Vatican Hill da Via Ostiense, bi da bi.
Tuni a farkon rabin karni na biyu, bayan samun wasu sassauci, Kiristocin sun fara binne matattunsu a karkashin kasa kuma ta haka ne katanga suka fara zama. Yawancinsu an tono su kuma an faɗaɗa su a cikin kaburburan dangi waɗanda masu su, ba da daɗewa ba suka zama Krista, ba kawai sun keɓe ga ƙaunatattun su ba amma sun buɗe su ne don wasu mutane.
Dokar Roman ta lokacin ba ta ba da izinin a binne mamacin a cikin birni ba, don haka waɗannan al'ummomin dole ne su gano katangar Rome a wajen bangonta. Zai fi dacewa a keɓantattun wurare da ɓoyayyen ɓoye don samun damar aiwatar da ibadun binne kirista ba tare da jin wata damuwa ba.
Hoto | Mafi kyawun wuraren yawon shakatawa
Tare da dokar Milan, wanda masarauta Constantine da Licinius suka fitar a shekara ta 313, Kiristocin sun daina shan wahala amma katangar ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin makabarta har zuwa farkon ƙarni na XNUMX. A cikin batun catacombs na San Callisto, da Coci ya ɗauki ƙungiyarta da gudanarwa.
Arni kaɗan bayan haka, a lokacin mamayewar baƙi a cikin Italiya (Goths da Longobards), an ci gaba da kwasar katolika na Rome kuma an tilasta Paparoma masu zuwa canja wurin abubuwan da aka binne ga cocin cocin don dalilan tsaro zuwa tsakiyar karnin. Karni na XNUMX da farkon XNUMXth AD Ta wannan hanyar, catacombs an watsar kuma sun kasance cikin mantuwa na dogon lokaci.
A cikin karni na 1822, Juan Bautista de Rossi (1894-XNUMX), wanda aka ɗauka shi ne mahaifin kimiyyar archaeology na Kirista, ya binciko catacombs, musamman ma na San Callisto don sanin asalin. da kuma rarraba wadannan jana'izar zamanin da. Daga baya, a wajajen 1930, Holy See ya danƙa kula da catacombs na Saint Callisto ga ianungiyar Masu Sayarwa na Don Bosco a matsayin mamallakin catacombs.
Hoto | Civitatis
Catacombs na Saint Callisto
Katakun San Callisto (Via Appia Antica, 126) sun wanzu kusan tsakiyar karni na XNUMX kuma suna daga cikin hadadden fili wanda ya mamaye yanki mai girman hekta 15, akan benaye daban daban wadanda suka kai zurfin da ya fi mita 20.
Catacombs na San Callisto shine wurin da aka binne fafaroma 16 da kuma shahidai da yawa na shahidai a cikin hanyoyinsa na sama da kilomita 20.
Sun sami sunansu ne daga dikon San Calixto, wanda Paparoma Ceferino ya nada a farkon ƙarni na uku a matsayin mai kula da makabarta.. Ta wannan hanyar, catacombs na San Callisto ya zama hurumi na hukuma na cocin Rome.
Sun kasance a buɗe daga Alhamis zuwa Talata daga 9:00 na safe zuwa 12:00 na yamma kuma daga 14:00 na yamma zuwa 17:00 na yamma
Hoto | Dandalin Maryamu Budurwa
Sauran sanannun catacombs
A da akwai sama da katako 60 amma biyar kawai daga cikinsu ke buɗewa don ziyarta a yau. Mafi mahimmanci kuma sananne (San Calixto, San Sebastián da Domitila) suna nesa da juna kusa da hanyar Via Appia kuma ana amfani dasu sosai ta motocin bas akan layi 118 da 218.
- Catacomb na San Sebastián (Via Appia Antica, 136): tsawon kilomita 12, yana da bashin sunan wani sojan da ya yi shahada saboda ya musulunta, San Sebastián. Tare da catacombs na San Callisto, sune mafi kyawun gani. Buɗe daga Litinin zuwa Asabar daga 9:00 na safe zuwa 12:00 na yamma kuma daga 14:00 na yamma zuwa 17:00 na yamma
- Catacombs na Domitila (Via delle Sette Chiese, 280): Wadannan katangar da ta fi kilomita 15 tsayi an gano ta a cikin 1593 kuma suna bin jikokin Vespasian. Buɗe daga Laraba zuwa Litinin: daga 9:00 na safe zuwa 12:00 na yamma kuma daga 14:00 na yamma zuwa 17:00 na yamma
- Catacombs na Priscila (Via Salaria, 430): Sun ƙunshi frescoes masu mahimmanci ga tarihin fasaha, kamar wakilcin farko na Budurwa Maryamu. Ana iya ziyartarsu daga Talata zuwa Lahadi daga 9:00 na safe zuwa 12:00 na yamma kuma daga 14:00 na yamma zuwa 17:00 na yamma.
- Catacombs na Santa Inés (Via Nomentana, 349): Suna da bashin sunansu ga Santa Inés, wanda ya yi shahada saboda imaninta na Kirista kuma wanda aka binne shi a cikin waɗannan katangar da ta ɗauki sunanta daga baya. Ana iya ziyartarsu daga 9:00 na safe zuwa 12:00 na yamma kuma daga 16:00 na yamma zuwa 18:00 na yamma. An rufe su a safiyar Lahadi da yammacin Litinin.
Alamu a cikin catacombs
Kiristocin farko sun rayu a cikin al'umma mai ƙiyayya. Tun da ba za su iya faɗar imaninsu a bayyane ba, Kiristoci suka zana alamu a bangon katako kuma sun zana su a kan dutsen kabarin da ke rufe kaburbura. Alamu mafi mahimmanci sune Makiyayi Mai Kyau, jigon Kristi, mace mai addua da kifi.
Abin da za a gani a cikin catacombs na Rome?
Ziyartar catacombs na Rome zai ba mu damar sanin a cikin wuri yadda kaburburan Kirista suka kasance a lokacin da aka tsananta wa imaninsu. Yana da matukar ban sha'awa muyi tafiya ta cikin farfajiyoyi kuma ku lura da ragowar kayan wasan da aka yi ƙarnuka da yawa da suka gabata.
Farashin tikiti zuwa catacombs
- Manya: Yuro 8
- A ƙasa da shekaru 15: Yuro 5