A wannan zamani na annoba mun tuna da adadi mai yawa na mutanen da ke rayuwa a duniyar tamu. Ba koyaushe haka yake ba, amma a cikin ƙarnnin nan yawan mutanen duniya ya girma da yawa kuma hakan yana gabatar da babban kalubale.
Kasashen da suka fi yawan mutane a duniya su ne China, Indiya, Amurka, Indonesia, Pakistan, Brazil, Najeriya, Bangladesh, Russia da Mexico. Kalubalen da suke fuskanta nada nasaba da samarda ilimi, lafiya da kuma aiki ga kowa. Kuma ba sauki bane. Shin babbar ƙasa babbar ƙasa ce mai yawan jama'a?
Kasashe da yawan jama'a
Mutum na iya yin tunani, kusan a zahiri, cewa mafi girman ƙasa, yawancin mutane ke zaune a ciki. Kuskure na farko. Girman yanayin kasa ba shi da nasaba da yawan mazauna ko yawan jama'a. Don haka, muna da manyan ƙasashe kamar Mongolia, Namibia ko Ostiraliya da ƙarancin yawan jama'a. Misali, a Mongolia akwai adadin mazauna 2.08 ne kawai a kowace murabba'in kilomita (jimilar mutane miliyan 3.255.000).
Irin wannan yana faruwa a matakin nahiyar. Afirka na da girma amma mutane biliyan 1.2 da digo XNUMX ne ke zaune a cikinta. A zahiri, idan kayi jerin ƙasashe masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, zaka ga cewa akwai aƙalla ƙasashen Afirka goma masu ƙarancin yawan jama'a. Menene dalilin? Da labarin kasa. Hamada sun bazu a nan da can kuma sun hana rarraba yawan mutane. Sahara, idan ya zama dole, ya sa kusan duk ƙasar Libya ko Mauritania ta zama kufai. Hakanan shi ne Namib Desert ko kuma Kalahari, can kudu.
Namib yana kusan kusan dukkanin gabar Namibia kuma Kalahari ma yana mamaye wani yanki na yankinta da kusan duk kasar Botswana. Ko, ci gaba da misalai, Koriya ta Arewa da Ostiraliya suna da adadin mazauna: kusan miliyan 26, amma… Ostiraliya tana da girman ƙasa sau 63 mafi girma. Haka abin yake a Bangaladash da Rasha wadanda yawan su ya kai miliyan 145 da 163 bi da bi, amma gaskiyar ita ce yawan mutane a Rasha ya ragu sosai.
Don haka bari mu bayyana a fili sannan babu wata alaƙa ta tilas tsakanin girman ƙasar da yawan mutanen da ke zaune a ciki. Amma a nan ne jerin kasashe 5 da suka fi yawan mutane a duniya.
Sin
Har yanzu ina tuna cewa 'yan shekarun da suka gabata na yi rubutu game da kasar Sin lokacin da gwamnati ke gudanar da kidayar jama'a. Duk da yake a cikin wasu ƙasashe an kammala wannan aikin a rana ɗaya, mai wahala a, amma wata rana a ƙarshe, a nan ya ɗauki kwanaki da yawa. A yau China tana da mazauna 1.439.323.776. Shekaru ashirin da suka gabata ya kasance ƙarami kaɗan, tare da kusan mazauna 1.268.300. Ya haɓaka kimanin 13.4% a cikin waɗannan shekarun biyu, kodayake ana tsammanin nan da shekarar 2050 zai dan rage kadan kuma yana da rabi tsakanin adadi biyu.
Kamar yadda muka fada a sama babban kalubalen da gwamnatin kasar Sin ke fuskanta shi ne samar da ilimi, gidaje, kiwon lafiya da kuma aiki ga dukkan su. Shin Sinawa suna rayuwa sosai rarraba a duk yankin? Ba, mafi yawansu suna zaune a gabashin kasar kuma a cikin Beijing, babban birnin kasar, akwai mutane miliyan 15 da rabi. Babban birnin yana biye da Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqinh da Wuhan, sanannen gari inda Covid-19 ya fito.
Bayanai mafi ban sha'awa game da yawan jama'ar China shine yawan karuwar jama'a ya kai 0,37% (Akwai haihuwa 12.2 ga kowane mazauna dubu da mutuwar 8). Tsammani na rayuwa anan shine shekaru 75.8. Mu tuna cewa a cikin 1975 da Manufofin Yaro Daya a matsayin ma'auni don sarrafa karuwar jama'a (maganin hana haihuwa da zubar da ciki na doka), kuma hakan ya sami nasara sosai. Don ɗan lokaci yanzu, ma'aunin ya sassauta a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa.
India
Na biyu mafi yawan ƙasashe a duniya shine Indiya tare 1.343.330.000 mazauna. Mutane suna rayuwa rarraba ko'ina cikin ƙasar, ban da a duwatsun arewa da hamada na arewa maso yamma. Indiya tana da murabba'in kilomita 2.973.190 kuma a cikin New Delhi kadai akwai mazauna 22.654. Yawan karuwar jama'a yakai 1.25% kuma yawan haihuwa shine Haihuwar 19.89 cikin mazauna dubu. Tsammani yana da ƙyar 67.8 shekaru.
Babban birni a Indiya sune Mumbai mai kusan miliyan 20, Calcutta mai 14.400, Chennai, Bangalore da Hyderabad.
Amurka
Akwai babban bambanci tsakanin jimillar yawan ƙasashen da suke matsayi na farko da na biyu da na na uku. Amurka ƙasa ce mai yawan jama'a amma ba yawa. Tana da mutane dubu 328.677 kuma yawancinsu suna mai da hankali ne kan gabar gabas da yamma.
Girman girma shine kawai 0.77% kuma yawan haihuwa shine 13.42 cikin mutane dubu. Birane mafi girma a kasar sune New York inda mutane miliyan 8 da rabi ke zaune, Los Angeles tare da kusan rabin, Chicago, Houston da Philadelphia. Tsammani na rayuwa shine shekaru 88.6.
Indonesia
Shin, kun san cewa Indonesia ƙasa ce mai matukar yawan jama'a? Suna zaune a ciki 268.074 mutane. Hakanan yana da gari mafi yawan mutane a duniya: Java. Yankin Indonesiya yana da murabba'in kilomita 1.811.831. Yawan haihuwa shine haihuwa 17.04 a cikin mutane dubu kuma tsawon rai shine shekaru 72.17.
Garuruwan da suka fi yawan jama'a, ban da Java, su ne Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Semarang da Palembang. Ka tuna cewa Indonesiya tsibiri ce a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Akwai kusan tsibirai dubu 17, mutane dubu shida ne ake zaune, a kewayen mahaɗara. Manyan tsibiran su ne Sumatra, Java, Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Tsibirin Nusa Tenggara, da Molucca. Yammacin Papua da yammacin New Guinea.
Brasil
Akwai wata ƙasar Amurka a cikin manyan 5 ɗin nan na mafi yawan ƙasashe a duniya kuma Brazil ce. Tana da yawan mutane miliyan 210.233.000 kuma mafi yawansu suna rayuwa a gabar Tekun Atlantika saboda yanki mai kyau na dajin ne.
Yankin Brazil yana da murabba'in kilomita 8.456.511. Yawan haihuwa shine Haihuwar 17.48 cikin mutane dubu kuma tsawon rai shine 72 shekaru. Birane mafi girma a kasar sune São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Recife da Porto Alegre. Brazil tana da girma kuma tana da kyakkyawan yanki na Kudancin Amurka. A gaskiya ita ce kasa mafi girma a nahiyar.
Waɗannan su ne ƙasashe 5 da suka fi yawan mutane a duniya, amma sai Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russia da Mexico. Bugu da kari a jerin akwai Japan, Philippines, Ethiopia, Egypt, Vietnam, Congo, Germany, Iran, Turkey, France, Thailand, United Kingdom, Italy, Africa ta kudu, Tanzania, Myanmar, Myanmar, Korea ta Kudu, Spain, Colombia, Argentina, Algeria , Ukraine…