Idan kuna son labarin da yayi magana akan tarihi da halaye na Colosseum a Rome, abin tunawa mai ban sha'awa, ba za ku iya kasa ganowa ba son sani game da Parthenon a Athens, alama ce ta Girkawa wacce har ila yau ta wanzu har zuwa yau. Ana kiyaye wannan babban haikalin a cikin garin Athens, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren tarihin da aka fi ziyarta a Girka.
Kodayake bayyanar Parthenon yanzu yana sa muyi tunanin tsofaffin kango, a lokacin da aka gina shi ya kasance bin haikalin. Bugu da kari, da yawa suna tunanin cewa dutse ne mara walwala, kamar yadda yake a yau, alhali yana da siffofi da launuka iri-iri.
Littlean tarihin Parthenon
Wannan abin tunawa yana wakiltar babban ci gaban al'adu da ya faru a cikin XNUMXth karni na BC C. a Athens, wanda ya kai saman tare da gabatar da dimokiradiyya. An kirkiro wannan babban haikalin ne don girmama Athena, mai kare birni. A ciki zai sami babban mutum-mutumin Athena na chrysoelephantine, tsayin mita goma sha biyu, wani mutum-mutumi mai ban mamaki don bauta mata, wanda ba a kiyaye shi a yau.
Gine-ginen Ictino da Calícrates sun kasance wanda Fidias ya tsara, wanda kuma shine mahaliccin babban mutum-mutumin Athena. Gininsa ya fara a shekara ta 447 a. C., akan haikalin da ba a ƙare ba wanda aka yi amfani da wasu kayan aiki. Abu mafi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa duk da kasancewa mai girma aiki sun gama shi a cikin rikodin lokaci, a cikin shekaru tara kawai. Shahararrun zane-zane na feshin, wanda shine ɓangaren ɓangare na uku na gaba, an yi su shekaru shida daga baya. Wannan shine yadda aka gina haikalin Doric mafi girma a duniyar Girka.
Abubuwan da ke cikin Parthenon
Wannan haikalin tare da bayyana rectangular plan, tare da ginshiƙai guda takwas a fa andade da 17 a gefe, kada mu manta cewa a cikin duniyar Girka duk abin da aka yi yana bin ƙimar da ta ba da daidaituwa ga komai, daga gine-gine zuwa sassaka. Crepidoma shine tushe wanda haikalin yake zaune akansa, wanda bai kasance a matakin ƙasa ba, amma yana da matakai uku har zuwa ginshiƙai.
A cikin duka akwai 46 ginshikan Doric wanda ya zauna a kan mataki na ƙarshe, wanda ake kira stylobate. Waɗannan ginshiƙan suna tashi daga ƙasa suna ƙarewa a cikin manyan biranen. A saman waɗannan akwai shinge mai santsi, sama da wannan ƙyalli tare da tsattsauran tsaka-tsakin da metopes, waɗanda kayan ado ne na ƙira, a ƙarshe sun ƙare a cikin kwalliyar kwalliya. An rufe rufin, tare da rufin katako tare da tayal marmara waɗanda ba a kiyaye su ba.
Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa sassa na Parthenon shine gabanon. Yana da babban alwatika tare da kwalliyar waje wacce ta zana shi da kuma tympanum, wanda shine yankin ciki wanda aka sanya abubuwa da yawa a ciki, suna yin wakilci iri-iri. Kodayake a yau suna kallo ba tare da launi ba, a cikin shekarun ɗaukaka kowane ɗayan waɗannan adadi an zana shi, don haka yanki ne mai cike da rayuwa da launi. A gefen gabashin allahn Aphrodite ya wakilta, yana dogara da Artemis, tsohuwar maƙiyinta, kuma Phidias ya sulhunta a cikin hotonta. A cikin tsarin yammacin, mafi kyawun kiyayewa, an wakilci gwagwarmayar Athena da Poseidon don mulkin mallakar Atika.
Ciki za mu iya isa ta hanyoyi biyu, da ake kira Pronaos da Opistódomos, ta inda ake shiga babbar hanyar shiga. A cikin Naos ko Cella za a sami mutum-mutumin Athena Parthenon, wannan mutum-mutumin mai tsawon mita goma sha biyu da ke wakiltar allahiya Athena. An kebe shi da sauran ginin ta bango, kuma a gaban mutum-mutumin akwai karamin tafki da zai ba wa mutum-mutumin haske. Hakanan zaka iya ganin Chamberakin Vestals, ƙaramin ƙaramin kusurwa mai kusurwa huɗu wanda aka ajiye dukiyar haikalin da ianungiyar Delian.
Ziyartar Acropolis
Abun tunawa da Parthenon an tsara shi cikin sanannen sananne Acropolis na Athens, da aka fassara a matsayin 'birni na sama', wanda a cikin sa akwai manyan wuraren bautar kuma hakan yana da maƙasudin kariya. Abin da ya sa ke nan a cikin yankin mafi girman birni, kuma ana iya ganin sa daga kusan ko'ina a Athens.
Lokacin ziyarar sune kowace rana daga 8:00 na safe zuwa 20:00 na dare. Baya ga Parthenon mai ban mamaki, za mu iya ganin wasu wuraren ibada. Propylaea wanda shine tsohuwar ƙofar zuwa Acropolis, gini ne da ginshikan Doric da yawa. Hakanan bazai yuwu ba Erechtheum, ginin da aka gina a wuri mafi tsarki na Acropolis, inda Athena ta sanya itacen zaitun na farko na ƙasashen Girkanci ya bunƙasa. Mafi halayen shine Caryatids a cikin hotunan kudu, waɗanda ginshiƙai ne a cikin siffar mata, kodayake sune kwafin asalin waɗanda suke a cikin Sabon Gidan Tarihi na Acropolis don adana su cikin mafi kyawu. Akwai kuma gidan ibada na Athena Nike, don tunawa da nasarar da aka yi a kan Farisa a sanannen yaƙin Salamis.