Son sani na China

Sin Yau ta kasance ɗayan ƙasashe masu ban sha'awa a duniya. Ba haka ba ne a da, amma mun daɗe ba mu da masaniya game da wannan babbar ƙasar da ke ƙoƙarin haɓaka. A yau, halin da ake ciki ya bambanta kuma duniya tana ƙoƙari ta kasuwanci tare da China yayin da 'yan ƙasa ke ambaliyar duk wuraren yawon buɗe ido na Old Europe da Amurka.

China duniya ce ga kanta, amma me muka sani game da wannan babbar ƙasa kuma mai yawan al'umma a Asiya? Yau, sha'awar China.

Sin

Ga mutane da yawa, China ita ce ƙasa mafi ban sha'awa a duniya. Ita ce ƙasa ta uku mafi girma a duniya kuma daya tare da mafi yawan mazauna. Hakanan, bayan hawa da sauka a tarihin siyasarta Yana ɗayan ɗayan al'adun da suka daɗe tsaye na duk abin da duniyarmu ta samu.

Daga kasancewarta ƙasa mai ci baya da kuma son ci gaban ƙasa, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙauyuka, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu saurin haɓaka da haɓaka tattalin arziki a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Bai kyauta ba kuma an binne dubunnan shekaru na sarakuna, mandarins da sufaye bayan daya daga cikin yakin basasa mafi wahala da mutane zasu wahala.

A yau, sunanta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin kuma yana da mutuncin kasancewa cikin rukunin zaɓaɓɓu: yana ɗaya daga cikin Tsoffin wayewa na duniya tare da Babilawa, Mayan da Masarawa. Tarihi ya gaya mana cewa na farkon ya haɗu da yankin ƙasar Sin sarki, Qin, wanda aka samo kabarinsa kuma aka tono shi shekaru da yawa. Daga baya wasu daulolin da aka sani da Han, Tang, Yuan, Ming kuma a ƙarshe, na ƙarshe, da Daular Qing.

Bayan wannan dogon lokacin na sarakuna akwai, a farkon karni na XNUMX, babban yakin basasa, har a 1949 aka kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin kotun kwaminisanci kuma daga hannun Mao Zedong. Daga baya, gyaran ya fara bayan mutuwarsa ta denx xiaoping sun aza harsashin wannan rabin kwaminisancin, China mai rabin jari hujja wanda duk mun sani.

Son sani na China

China na da Murabba'in kilomita miliyan 9.6 kuma yana da girma. A) Ee, shimfidar wurare daban-daban gama akwai duwatsu, da filaye, da hamada, da wuraren kiwo, da tuddai. China gida ce ga mafi girman matsayi a doron ƙasa: Dutsen Everest mai tsayin mita 8.848, amma a lokaci guda yana da na uku mafi kaskancin damuwa a duniya, Tashin hankalin Turpan mai kasa da mita 154.

Game da kan iyaka Kasar Sin ita ce kasar da ke da iyakokin kasashen duniya a duniyaYana da su tare da ƙasashe 14, Mongolia, Tajikstan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, India, Myanmar, Bhutan, Vietnam, Thailand da Koriya ta Arewa. Babu shakka, kowace hulɗa tana da tasirin ta.

Tare da irin wannan girman ban da shimfidar wurare ma yana da yanayi iri-iri. Yayin da arewa ya fi kudu sanyi, yamma ta fi gabas bushewa. A arewa yanayin zafi na iya zama -40ºC amma a kudanci, a lokacin rani, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio kuma zai iya tashi zuwa 40ºC na lahira. Hakanan da ruwan sama, a kudu maso gabas ana ruwa mai yawa, watakila har zuwa mita 3, yayin da a cikin hamada kusan lyan milimita a cikin shekara ɗaya.

Lokacin da nake yarinya, China ta kasance ƙasa ce mai rufewa, tare da dubban mutane da ke hawa keke a cikin shuɗi masu shuɗi. Kaɗan kaɗan, a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, katin wasiƙa ya canja. A yau yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu saurin tattalin arziki a duniya, yana ƙaruwa kusan 10% a kowace shekara. An san shi da «masana'antar duniya"kuma ita ce kan gaba wajen samar da tufafi, kayan wasa, takin zamani, kankare da karafa na duniya duka.

Babu shakka, wannan ci gaban ya zo hannun dama tare da mutane da yawa gurbacewar muhalli, kuma a wani bangare an samu damar hakan ta hanyar rashin kungiyoyin kwadago. Warancin albashi da ƙananan haƙƙoƙin ma'aikata kamar alama ce mafi dacewa don ci gaba. Kodayake bisa tsadar da wasu ƙasashe masu ci gaba a yau zasu yarda da ita.

Wannan ci gaban tattalin arzikin ya kawo babban canji. A ka'ida, a girma birni tunda an kirga hakan Mutane miliyan 300 sun ƙaura daga ƙauye zuwa birni a cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata. Don haka, akwai megacities Kuma yayin da abin ya ci gaba, da alama gwamnati na iya fuskantar wasu matsaloli (na ilimi, kiwon lafiya, biranen birni, ƙwadago).

Iyalai sun rabu, iyaye suna tafiya garuruwa don aiki kuma ba za su iya kawo yaransu ba, waɗanda aka bari a hannun kulawar kakanni. Ko kuma sun karbe su amma kuma ba za su iya yin rajistar su a cikin sabbin adiresoshin ba kuma sun rasa tsarin likita ... irin wannan abu. Duk wannan yana nuna babban ƙalubale ga gwamnatin Sinawa, babu wata shakka.

Bugu da kari, jama'ar kasar Sin, kodayake ga idanun baƙi za su iya zama masu kama da juna, amma ba irinsa ba ne. China tana da kabilu 56, kuma kowanne yana da al'adunsa na al'ada, wani lokacin harshensa wani lokacin kuma tsarin rubutun nasa. Gaskiya ne majorityungiyar mafi rinjaye ita ce Han, kusan sama da kashi 91% na yawan jama'ar, amma Manchu, Hui ko Miao suma suna da yawan jama'a.

Wadannan kabilun suna zaune ne a wasu yankuna na kasar, don haka dole ne a samar da takamaiman manufofi don magance su. Misali, a Uygur akwai ƙungiyoyin musulmi kuma a cikin recentan shekarun nan ya kasance yanki mai rikici sosai ga gwamnatin tsakiya.

Ta yaya irin wannan babbar kasa daban take? Lyananan ta hanyar tsarin ilimi, kamar koyaushe. Kodayake kasar Sin tana da yare da yawa, amma a zahiri ita ce asalin tsarin rubutu guda daya tilo da ya rage a duniya, harshen hukuma shine Mandarin. Ana koyar da Mandarin a duk makarantu kuma kaɗan kaɗan yana ta raba wasu sanannun yarukan, kamar Cantonese.

Ana magana da Cantonese a Hongkong, Macao, Guangxi ko Guandong, alal misali, amma a yankunan Shaghai ko Zhejiang ana magana da yaren Wu, wanda ya sha bamban da Mandarin ... Duk da haka, Sinanci na iya zama yaren da ake magana da shi sosai a cikin duniya a cikin yawan mazauna amma ba tare da wata shakka ba Yana da ɗayan mawuyacin koya koyaushe daga jemage.

Tare da mutane da yawa da harsuna da yawa da al'adu iri iri, koda muna tunanin cewa Sinawa suna da addini guda, ba haka bane. A zahiri, addini batu ne wanda a ƙarƙashin kwaminisanci ya tsananta sosai. Amma ba a lokacin ba ko a yau babu addini guda kuma Sinawa suna da'awar daga rashin yarda da Allah zuwa wani addinin Shinto, suna wucewa ta hanyar Confucianism, Buddha, Taoism, Musulunci ko ma Kiristanci.

Wani ɗan lokaci yanzu, China ta saka kuɗi da yawa wajen haɓaka tsarin jigilar kayayyaki na cikin gida. Dole ne ƙasar da ke da burin zama ƙarfi ta kasance da haɗin kai sosai. Don haka, bin sawun Japan, Jiragen kasan China suna zirga-zirga a duk fadin kasar. Kuma wannan jigilar shine ya bawa masu yawon buɗe ido a yau damar sanin abubuwan al'ajabi. Kuma a, Kasar Sin tana da kyawawan abubuwan yawon bude ido.

Ina magana game da Great Wall, da Terracotta Warriors, da kyakkyawan Haramtaccen birni, Guilin, da Yangtze River da Yellow Mountains, da Sichuan pandas, da rairayin bakin teku na Sanya, cunkuson gini na Hong Kong, kyawun Shanghai ... Kuma gastronomy!

Amma mun fara wannan labarin yana magana game da sha'awar China don haka ba za mu tafi ba tare da barin waɗannan bayanan ba: kites aka ƙirƙira a kasar Sin, fiye da shekaru dubu uku da suka gabata a zahiri, tare da siliki da gora; ma sun kirkiri kwallon kafa shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata a zamanin Daular Han don nishadantar da masarautar.

An haifi Gunpowder a China, daidai yake da wasan wuta, China na samar da kusan kashi 85% na wasan wuta a duniya. Wasu kasuwanni a Beijing suna sayar da abinci mai ban mamaki, misali kunama waɗanda ke makale a ƙushin hakori, rayuwa, da kuma soyayyen mai, da sauran kwari.

Har ila yau, turmi da aka yi amfani da shi a kan Babban Bango an yi shi ne da shinkafa mIdan kuka hada duk hanyoyin jirgin kasa a China zaku iya zagaya duniya sau biyu, an kirkiro kayan sara ne shekaru dubu 5 da suka gabata kuma ba'a amfani dasu wajen cin abinci sai don girki, duk da cewa kasar tana da girma yana da lokaci guda kawai (Amurka tana da guda huɗu), rabin aladu a duniya suna zaune a China (kuma suna cinye su) ...

Kuma don haka za mu iya ci gaba da jerin abubuwan da muke da shi na kyawawan dabi'u da sha'awar China amma ina ganin zai fi kyau mu je mu ga komai a cikin mutum.


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