Teotihuacan (Meziko): mafi girman gado na Amurka kafin Columbian

Mexico tana da ɗimbin tarihi, mai wadataccen tarihi da na shekaru dubu wanda yana da ɗayan manyan masanan kakanninsu birni mai tsarki na Teotihuacan. Da yake a cikin wani babban kwari kusa da birnin Mexico, yankin Teotihuacan ya kasance ne ga tsohuwar tatsuniyar Nahuatl wurin da aka halicci rana da wata. Wannan gari na alloli, kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, an fara gina shi shekaru 500 kafin zamaninmu, kuma har yanzu yana tsaye a matsayin babban abin tarihi na mutanen Meziko da abubuwan da suka gabata na ɗaukaka, kuma da gaske wuri ne mai ƙimar darajar ɗan adam.

Yankin Teotihuacan yana arewa maso gabashin kwarin Mexico, kawai nisan kilomita 45 ne daga tsakiyar garin Mexico, wanda hakan ya zama tilas yayin ziyartar babban birnin Mexico. Lokacin isowar bazara, yawancin kungiyoyi masu ba da gudummawa suna zuwa wannan wurin don yin amfani da makamashi, tunda akwai mashahurin imani cewa dala suna tashoshin makamashi.

Tsarin Teotihuacan

Idan akwai wani abu da yake jan hankali sosai yayin isa wannan birni mai alfarma, babban shiri ne wanda ake iya gani a titunan sa, kwatankwacin tsarin birane na yanzu. Manyan hanyoyi guda biyu waɗanda suke tsakaitawa kuma waɗanda sune manyan hanyoyin daga garin, ɗayansu mafi mahimmanci, wanda ake kira Calzada de los Muertos. Waɗannan su ne zancen zuwa sauran titunan tituna da titunan, da kuma inda aka sami manyan ayyukan ibada da gine-gine.

A kadan tarihi

Birni ne, wanda darajarsa ta faru a kan XNUMX da XNUMX karni bayan Almasihu. A wannan yankin na Mesoamerica, anyi amfani da albarkatun babban kwarin, don haka ƙirƙirar babbar wayewa da ta isa mazauna 100.000 a kusan muraba'in kilomita 21. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yake ɗayan manyan wayewar kai da aka sani daga Amurka ta farko kafin Columbian, kuma babban hadadden cike da kayan aiki fiye da Chichen Itzá.

Rushewarta ta zo ne a ƙarni na XNUMX bayan Kristi saboda rikicewar siyasa, tawayen ciki da canjin yanayi wanda ya ƙare da wadata, kamar yadda ya faru da duk manyan wayewar kai cikin tarihi. Wannan ya haifar da zamanin Mesoamerican Epiclassic. Kodayake akwai ɗan bayanai kaɗan game da yadda garin ya kafu kuma me ya sa ya ƙi daidai, gaskiyar ita ce ɗayan mafi kyawun biranen wannan matakin.

Teotihacan a yau

Teotihuacan yanki ne na kayan tarihi na Mexico wanda ke karɓar baƙi mafi yawa daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar, ya wuce muhimman yankunan pre-Columbian kamar Chichén Itzá (Yucatán) da Monte Albán (Oaxaca). Ginin da aka buɗe wa jama'a ya mamaye yanki na murabba'in kilomita 2.5 kuma ya dace da Yankin ofasa na Ginshiƙan da aka haɗa a yankin da aka kiyaye. An ayyana Pre-Hispanic City na Teotihuacan Abubuwan al'adu na 'yan Adam ta UNESCO a cikin 1987, saboda yawan ɗimbin al'adun ta da kuma manyan gine-ginen ta.

Bayani mai amfani game da Teotihuacan

Hanya mafi sauki don ganin hadadden Teotihuacan ita ce ta ɗayan ɗayan manyan hanyoyin da aka riga aka kafa, saboda suna ba mu damar ganin abin da ya fi muhimmanci. Yankin archaeological ya buɗe daga Litinin zuwa Lahadi, daga 8.00:5.00 am zuwa XNUMX:XNUMX pm. Idan ba mu son rikitar da rayuwarmu, za mu iya ɗaukar ɗayan bas ɗin da ke yin hanyar kai tsaye zuwa Teotihuacan daga Babban Tashar Motar Arewa ta Arewa a cikin Garin Mexico, kuma yana ɗaukar minti 45.

A ƙofar wurin shakatawa zaku iya sayi tikiti don ganin hadadden. Wannan tikitin yana ba mu damar zuwa wurare kamar Gidan Tarihi na Yanar Gizo, yanki na archaeological tare da Pyramid of the Moon da Pyramid na Rana, Tetitla ko Quetzalpapálotl Temple. A cikin yankin kuma akwai masu siyar da tituna da yawa tare da abubuwan tunawa da kantin kyauta. Bugu da kari, akwai gidajen shakatawa da gidajen abinci, don haka ba za mu rasa sarari ba don tsayawa.

Abin da za a gani a Teotihuacan

Idan akwai abin da za mu yi da zarar mun je wannan birni, to mu bi ta yankin Calzada de los Muertos, muna jin daɗin gine-ginen da abubuwan da suka rage, har sai mun isa Dalar Rana, mafi girma duka, tare da tsayin mitoci 63,5. Ana tunanin cewa za a iya samun haikalin a ƙarshen tsarin, wanda ya sa ya ma fi tsayi fiye da yadda yake a yau. Mafi kyau duka, zaku iya hawa shi, amma dole ne ku hau ba ƙasa da matakai 365, ɗaya don kowace ranar shekara. Ra'ayoyin sauran hadaddun daga wannan babban dala suna da ban mamaki, kuma hotunan da zaku iya ɗauka suma. A cikin 1971 an gano wani kogo a ƙarƙashin dala, don haka ana tunanin cewa wannan wuri ya riga yana da mahimmancin ruhaniya kafin karɓar wannan babban ginin.

Dala na Wata shine babban dala wanda aka adana. Tana cikin arewacin arewa, a ƙarshen Calzada de los Muertos kuma tana da tsayin mita 42. Tunda muna ciki zamu dauki damar gani Fadar Quetzalpapálotl, a kudu maso yamma, an yi amannar cewa mazaunin babban firist ne. A ciki zamu iya jin daɗin kyawawan ginshiƙai na baranda da kuma kyawawan bango waɗanda aka kiyaye akan bangon. Kuma bai kamata mu manta da ziyarar gidan kayan gargajiya ba, inda muke samun abubuwa da yawa na rayuwar yau da kullun a cikin Teotihacan, ƙananan mutummutumai da kayayyaki.

da bango da aka samo a cikin gine-gine na Teotihuacan sun cancanci ambaton musamman, kuma shi ne cewa an yi karatun su sosai game da dabarun su. Suna da banbanci sosai, kuma zai zama abin ganowa ga masu sha'awar fasaha saboda yadda aka kiyaye su, yana nuna launuka masu haske. Launin da aka fi amfani da shi ya kasance ja, kuma an yi shi ne da ma'adanai waɗanda aka niƙa don samun launuka. Akwai wasu da yawa wadanda a ciki ake wakiltar tsuntsaye, kuliyoyi ko tsire-tsire a kan bangon goge, kamar a cikin Patio de los Jaguares ko a cikin Palacio de los Caracoles.