da Canary Islands tsibiri ne da ke kan Tekun Atlantika. Su ne arewa maso yammacin Afirka kuma a cikin duka akwai kusan tsibirai takwas, tsibirai biyar da duwatsu takwas. Muna magana, alal misali, na La Gomera, La Palma da Tenerife, El Hierro, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote da Gran Canaria.
Amma yadda aka kafa tsibirin Canary? Menene kyakkyawan tsari da aka haife su?
Yadda aka kafa tsibirin Canary
Tsibiran asalinsu na volcanic ne kuma suna kan farantin Afirka, don haka ya haɗa yankin da aka sani da Macaronesia. Suna da a sauyin yanayi, tare da wasu sauye-sauyen yanayi wanda ke fassara zuwa nazarin halittu Bambancin.
Duk tsibiran suna da wuraren ajiyar halittu, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da wuraren da aka ayyana wuraren Tarihi na Duniya. Kafin barkewar cutar, miliyoyin mutane da miliyoyin mutane sun ziyarci tsibiran, alal misali, a cikin 2019 an kiyasta cewa sun sami baƙi miliyan 13.
Hakanan ana ƙididdige cewa asalinsa na volcanic shine, dangane da shekarun Duniya, kwanan nan: 30 miliyan shekaru. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa da ke da'awar hakan samuwar tsibiran na da lokuta daban-daban ko zagayowar volcanic wanda ya ƙunshi tsari akai-akai na fitowar lava da ƙarfi mai zuwa.
Don haka, kowane tsibiri a cikin rukunin za a iya cewa yana da nasa tarihin yanayin ƙasa ko tsufa kuma mai yiwuwa Tsubiran da suka fi tsufa su ne Fuerteventura da Lanzarote, tare da Tenerife, Gran Canaria da La Gomera a baya. Kwanan nan zai kasance La Palma da El Hierro, 'yan shekara miliyan 2 kawai.
To yaya wannan tsari ko zagayowar zai kasance? Na farko, wani lokaci mai suna Basal Complex ya faru. inda ɓawon teku da ɓangarorin da ke tasowa suka tashi inda aka ajiye lava daga fashewar teku. Sa'an nan kuma tsibiran suna fitowa daga ruwa a cikin lokaci mai suna "Sub-Aerial Construction".
A nan akwai bi da bi biyu hawan keke, na farko da tsohon jerin a cikin abin da aka halicci manyan gine-gine masu aman wuta, sannan kuma abin da ake kira jerin kwanan nan cewa a yau ya rage kuma a cikin abin da hali ne m volcanic aiki. A takaice dai, muna iya tunanin magma daga cikin duniyar nan yana hawa ta hanyar tsage-tsage iri-iri a cikin ɓawon burodi, yana taruwa akan benen teku sannan kuma yana fitowa a matakin teku.
Wannan haka ta kasance tsawon miliyoyin shekaru, kuma kamar yadda muka ce, yana ci gaba har yau tare da tururin ruwa, iskar sulfur da fashewa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Misali, fashewar Teneguía a tsibirin La Palma a cikin 1971 ko kuma na baya-bayan nan, a cikin 2021, lokacin da dutsen mai aman wuta da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya firgita tsibirin na tsawon kwanaki 90.
Tsibirin Canary suna, a cikin nasu hanyar, m, tun sun zama ɗaya daga cikin ƴan tsibiran da aka kafa ta hanyar tsaunukan ruwa waɗanda har yanzu suna aiki, don haka ga masana kimiyya suna da ban sha'awa sosai. ana ƙidaya aƙalla 18 fashewa a cikin shekaru 500 don haka yana da kyakkyawan labari mai tsauri kuma a, ba mu ga ƙarshen sa ba tukuna.
Bambance-bambancen tsibiran ya zaburar da ra'ayoyi da yawa game da samuwar su. Na ɗan lokaci ya rinjayi zafi tabo ka'idar bisa ga abin da tsibiran suka samo asali daga mashigin tekun teku tsakanin Afirka da Amurka. Wannan shine yadda tsibiran suka bayyana a cikin wata hanya, mafi tsufa shine waɗanda suke da nisa daga asalinsu yayin da suke tafiya tare da farantin lithospheric.
Wata ka'idar ita ce yada ka'idar fracture, bisa ga abin da, tare da matsawa da karkatar da zagayowar Atlas tectonic plate, an sami karaya a cikin lithosphere wanda ya bazu daga nahiyar zuwa Tekun Atlantika, ya bar magma a farke, ya rage matsa lamba kuma ya ba shi damar fitowa zuwa ga tekun Atlantic. farfajiya.
Dole ne a ce waɗannan ka'idoji ne kuma ba a yarda da su sosai ba, kodayake ka'idar tabo mai zafi ta fi shahara. Wannan zai bayyana dalilin da ya sa har yanzu tsibiran ke aiki, sai dai wasu waɗanda, a halin yanzu, ba sa yin rajistar ayyukan volcanic. Ee, eh, wannan bayanin har yanzu yana da ramukansa amma binciken kimiyya ya ci gaba da kokarin amsa duk tambayoyin.
Don haka, Wadanne halaye ne kyawawan tsibiran Canary masu haɗari suke da su? to suna da daya babban bambancin dutsen mai aman wuta rufe dukan bakan na alkaline basalt, akwai kowane irin ramuka, suna da asymmetric sosai dangane da inda iska ke busowa, wanda ke jagorantar magma ta wata hanya ko wata, ban da fashewar pyroplastic da bama-bamai, kuma akwai kuma daban-daban magmas a tsibiran da dumbin tsarin volcanic tsakanin cones, strata, craters, calderas ...
A gefe guda, tsibiran suna jin daɗin a m subtropical teku yanayi, tare da iskar kasuwanci, saboda kusancin wurare masu zafi da kuma halin yanzu na El Golfo. Iskar tana tura gajimaren da ke samar da kyawawan tekuna na gizagizai wanda kuma ke ba da jin cewa ruwan tekun yana da sanyi sosai.
Canary Islands aljanna ce tare da Matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin shekara ta 25ºC kuma shi ya sa a matakin yawon bude ido abin ya zama abin mamaki.
Hagu bayani mai amfani game da mafi mahimmancin tsibiran:
- Dabino: Tana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 708.32 da yawan jama'a dubu 83.458. Dutsen Teneguía yana da mummunan rauni, amma a bara an sake samun fashewar da ta haifar da barna. Ita ce tsibiri mafi girma na biyu a cikin rukunin, tare da mafi girman tsayin mita 2426, Roque de los Muchachos. Tana da mafi girman na'urar hangen nesa a duniya, Gran Telescope Canarias tare da madubi na mita 10, 40 a diamita.
- Ironarfe: Ita ce tsibiri mafi ƙanƙanta da gwamnatinsa: murabba'in kilomita 268.71 kuma mazaunan dubu 11.147 ne kawai. Wani yanki ne na Biosphere Reserve kuma babban fashewar ruwa ya faru shekaru goma da suka gabata. Shi ne tsibiri na farko a duniya da ya wadata kansa da makamashi mai sabuntawa.
- Tenerife: Ita ce tsibiri mafi girma, mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 2034.38. Hakanan ita ce mafi yawan jama'a tare da mazauna 928.604. Ana kiranta da suna "tsibirin na har abada", yana da kyawawan rairayin bakin teku masu da wuraren shakatawa masu yawa. Haka ne, ita ce ke karbar mafi yawan masu yawon bude ido a kowace shekara.
- Gran Canaria: Shi ne tsibiri na biyu tare da ƙarin mazauna cikin rukunin. Fadinsa yana da murabba'in kilomita 1560, zagaye-zagaye, kuma yana da tsaunuka da yawa. Yi archaeological sites masu kima da yanayin shimfidar wurare daban-daban, daga rairayin bakin teku na zinare, ta hanyar shimfidar wurare na hamada zuwa wurare masu kore sosai.
- Fuerteventura: Tana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 1659 kuma ita ce mafi kusa da Afirka. Haka kuma mafi tsufa daga mahangar geological kuma mafi lalacewa. Yana da Biosphere Reserve tun 2009.
- Lanzarote: Shi ne tsibirin gabas kuma mafi tsufa duka. Tana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 845.94 kuma babban birninta shine Arrecife. Yana da dutsen mai aman wuta kuma ya kasance Reserve na Biosphere tun 1993.
- Mai Girma: har kwanan nan an san shi a matsayin tsibiri, amma a yau tsibiri ne, tsibiri na takwas na ƙungiyar. Yana da kusan murabba'in kilomita 29 kuma mutane 751 ne ke zaune.