ʻO kekahi o nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi kaulana loa ma ke kapikala Farani ʻo nā Catacombs o Paris. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makaʻu i ka hohonu a makemake ʻoe i ka mōʻaukala a me ka gothic paha, he kipa kēia ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke nalo.
I kēia lā e ʻike kākou he aha nā catacombs o Paris, ʻo ia pū kekahi i ka manawa a pehea e hiki ai ke kipa.
Nā Catacombs o Palisa
He kahiko loa nā tunnels a mai ka wā i hele ai ka poʻe Roma ma Paris. No kekahi nā lua pōhaku limestone kahikoaka ua lilo lakou i a ilina maʻamau i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX.
ʻO ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i nā mines i waiho i kahi pūnaewele o nā tunnels a me nā keʻena a puni ia manawa i manaʻo ʻia e lilo i hale kupapaʻu. Ua hāʻule nā hale kupapaʻu kūloko i kēlā manawa o ke kenekulia 1786, no laila ua hoʻoholo ka Inspector General of Quarries i ka makahiki XNUMX e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā kino. Ua hoʻomaka lākou e lawe i laila i nā kino o nā ilina ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka poʻe i make i ka haunaele lehulehu a laila miliona mau iwi i waiho ʻia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Aia nā graffiti i loko o kēia mau tunnel mai ia manawa mai, akā ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou no nā mea ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea make a me nā koena kanaka: kahi puʻu, kahi puʻuhonua no ke kūʻē ʻana i nā Nazis, kahi bunker Kelemania, a ʻae, i kēia lā, kahi mākaʻikaʻi. kahi e hele ai.
Hele nā Catacombs o Paris i nā mile. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā iwi ma nā paia a ma kekahi mau wahi hiki ke ike i na plaques a me na kuahu me na epitaphs ma ka olelo Latina.Ua hana ʻia kekahi hui hoʻonaninani, nā kolamu, nā lua kupapaʻu a me nā cipo hoʻolewa. Ma mua iki o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka ilina, ua waiho ʻia ka haunaele o nā iwi ahulau kumu ʻole a hoʻomaka i ke ʻano. nā hale hoʻokipa me ke ʻano ʻAigupita, ʻo kahi laʻana, a i ʻole kia doric, steles a i ʻole nā wahi i bapetizo ʻia me nā inoa e like me ka Punawai Samaria a i ʻole ke kukui Kupapaʻu.
Me ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi manaʻo hoʻonaʻauao, kauoha ʻo Héricart de Thury, ka Luna Nui, i ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻelua mau keʻena kuʻuna e hōʻike i nā ʻike, nā mea e pili ana i ka mining a me ka pathology. I ka hope, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i nā maʻi iwi a me nā deformations. Eia kekahi, ua kauoha ʻo ia e kau, ma o nā hale kiʻi, nā plaques me nā mele mele hoʻomana i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻowalewale i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke ola a me ka make i ka wā macabre walk.
Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, ʻO nā lalo o Paris ka mea nui o nā haʻawina like ʻole. Ma hope o kona wehe ʻia ʻana, ua hoʻolaʻa nā mea noiʻi ʻelua mai ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kūlohelohe o Farani iā lākou iho i ke aʻo ʻana i ka pua i hiki ke ulu me ka ʻole o ka lā, e ʻike ana i ke kaʻina o nā crustaceans i nā punawai lalo. Ua waiho ʻo de Thruy i ʻelua iʻa gula ma ka Punawai Samaria e ʻike i ka mea e hiki mai ana. Ua ola ka iʻa ʻaʻole i hānau hou a makapō.
Ua iho mai no hoi lakou maanei nā mea paʻi kiʻi paionia, ʻo Nadar ma ka laʻana. Ua hoʻokolohua ʻo ia no ʻekolu mahina a paʻi kiʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kukui artificial. Ua lōʻihi loa ka manawa hoʻolaha e pono ai ʻo ia e hoʻohana i nā pēpē i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo ia nā limahana hana. Ua waiho ʻia nā hoʻokolohua o kēia ʻano, akā ke hoʻomau nei nā haʻawina i kēia lā, i kēia manawa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ia wahi.
Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā catacombs ma ke ʻano he Municipal Ossuary o Paris ma ʻApelila 7, 1786 a ma 1809 ua wehe mua ʻia lākou i ka lehulehu. ʻO nā Catacombs o Paris i nā helu: he 20 mika ka hohonu a he elima papahele, he 131 mau anuu e iho ai a he 112 e pii ai, uhi kaapuni i 1500 mika, a he hookahi hora ke kipa ana. ʻO ka nui o ka'āpana he 11 tausani mau mika square.
E kipa i ka Catacombs o Paris
ʻO 300 mau kilomita i ka nui o nā tunnels, ʻo kēlā kilomika a me ka hapa wale nō i wehe ʻia i ka lehulehu. Y Kaʻahele ʻia lākou me kahi alakaʻi no ka mea, haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa paha kekahi mau tunnels a maʻalahi paha ke kahe ʻana. ʻAe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele iā ʻoe iho, me kahi alakaʻi leo. E iho i lalo i ke alapiʻi spiral a hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi. No nā mea he nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka archeology ma mua o ka mea pohihihi a me ka weliweli.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kou hele ʻana a ʻike i nā iwi ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻohaʻo i ka poʻe a pau i make a ola a pehea lākou i make ai. ʻO ka heluhelu ʻana i kekahi mau papa e hoʻomālamalama i kēlā mau moʻolelo, a i ʻole ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ke kumu o nā iwi. No laila, ua ʻike ʻoe ua hele mai kekahi mai ka hale kupapaʻu o St-Jean a ua waiho ʻia ma ʻaneʻi i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa 1859. ʻAe, koe naʻe kekahi mau iwi o nā aliʻi Farani, ʻo ke koena he mea maʻamau: ʻilihune a waiwai, ʻaihue a me ka pono. kane, wahine a me na keiki. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua like ka hopena o kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Aia nā ʻano huakaʻi like ʻole. hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ka moʻolelo kālaihonua mai nā quarries i hoʻokumu ʻia he 45 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei e ka hana a ke kai ʻōpuʻu, i waiho ai i ka limestone i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā mines i lilo i hale kupapaʻu lalo. He poʻe malihini kipa i ka geology, aia kekahi poʻe hoihoi i ka make, ka gothic, ka macabre...
Ponoʻoe eʻike i kēlā ʻO ka mahana ma nā catacombs ma ka awelika 14 ºC a maʻa mau pulu loa. He lōʻihi ka kali ʻana ma nā ʻīpuka tunnel, ʻoiai i ka hoʻoilo, no laila e lawe mai i kahi kapa.
ʻO nā catacombs kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa i ke kūlanakauhale, no laila ʻo ka ʻōlelo aʻo e hoʻopaʻa pono ma mua. ʻO nā hui he 20 ka nui o ka poʻe a aia ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa inoa no kahi me ka ʻōlelo hōʻailona, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā keiki liʻiliʻi, mai 10 mau makahiki wale nō, a ka huakaʻi ma waena o 45 mau minuke a me hoʻokahi hola a me ka hapa.
No ke kūʻai ʻana i ka tiketi me ka manawa o ke kipa ʻana pono ʻoe e kipa i ka pūnaewele mana o nā catacombs a hāʻawi kaomi i ke kuai ana i ka tikiki. Hoʻihoʻi hou iā ʻoe i ka pūnaewele Paris Museés Billetterie. I kēia lā no ka manawa 2022 ke kumu kūʻai o ka tiketi 29, 27 a i ʻole 5 euro. No nā tiketi minuke hope loa he 25 a me 13 euro ke kumu kūʻai. Ma waena o Iune 15 a me Kepakemapa 30. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke kipa i ka pūnaewele.
Mālama ʻia nā catacombs e ka hui like nāna e mālama i ka Muséé Carnavalet, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka mōʻaukala Parisian.
E lilo i mea mua e wehewehe