Chikhalidwe Chachihindu

Chikhalidwe cha Amwenye chimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ngati umodzi mwamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri komanso yachinsinsi Zomwe zilipo masiku ano, mawu owoneka bwino aku Asia ndi zotsatira za kusakanikirana kochititsa chidwi ndikuphatikizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndikusakanikirana kwakukulu kwachikhalidwe komwe kwatengera zochitika zamayiko oyandikana nawo, ndikupanga chikhalidwe chosagwirizana, chomwe chikuwonekera pazinthu kuyambira pachipembedzo mpaka zomangamanga, zaluso, gastronomy kapena miyambo. Kuchuluka kwake kwapangitsa kuti likhale limodzi lamayiko osangalatsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, komanso malo abwino odzaona alendo ochokera padziko lonse lapansi.

Chikhalidwe cha Chihindu ichi chakhala chikupereka miyambo kwazaka zambiri, zomwe zidabwerera kwa Rig-Veda, cholembedwa chakale kwambiri ku India, kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XNUMX BC Pambuyo poukiridwa ndi Chisilamu ndikulamulidwa kwa maiko Akumadzulo ku India, zidatengera zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, koma zimasungabe mawonekedwe ndi miyambo yake. Ndizosatheka kuwerengera zaka masauzande ambiri azikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe pamalo amodzi, koma tiyesetsa kukhazikitsa chiwonetsero chachikulu cha chikhalidwe cha India ndi zomwe zimatikopa.

Mbiri yakale ya India

Mbiri yakale ya India imagawidwa mu Nthawi ya Vedic ndi nyengo ya Brahmanic. Yoyamba ndi yakale kwambiri mchaka cha 3000 BC, pomwe chitukuko cha Dravidian chinali ndi chikhalidwe chotukuka, ndi mafakitale amkuwa, ulimi ndi madera ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikiza pa chipembedzo chopembedza milungu yambiri. Nthawi ya Brahmin idadza pomwe a Brahmans, casp ochokera kudera la Caspian Sea, amalamulira madera omwe amapanga maufumu ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, atalamulira kwambiri komanso mwankhanza, anthuwa adapanduka ndipo adayamba Chibuda.

La nkhani yatsopano imalankhula za kuwukira kwa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira Aperisi mpaka Aluya, Apwitikizi kapena Chingerezi. Ndi chidule chachikulu, koma chimatipatsa malingaliro azomwe zikhalidwe zomwe India adakhazikika zalandira m'mbiri yonse.

Makonda azikhalidwe za ku India

Dongosolo lino lodziyanjanitsa zimachokera mwachindunji ku Chihindu, chipembedzo chachikulu ku India. Zimatiphunzitsa kuti anthu adalengedwa kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi la mulungu Brahma, potero amapanga magulu anayi omwe adalamulira kwazaka zambiri.

Kuchokera pakamwa pa mulungu Brahma adatuluka a Brahman, gulu lamphamvu kwambiri, la ansembe. Chatria ndi ankhondo olemekezeka, ochokera m'manja a mulungu. Vaisías ndiwo amalonda ndi alimi, omwe adatuluka kuchokera m'chuuno cha mulungu, ndipo ma sudra kapena antchito ndi otsika kwambiri, omwe adachokera kumapazi a mulungu. Kuphatikiza pa awa pali anthu osakhudzidwa, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi osiyidwa, komanso omwe sali mgulu la anthu kapena gulu, popeza amangogwira ntchito zotsika kwambiri, monga kutolera zonyansa za anthu. Pakadali pano, ma castes ndi omwe amaponderezedwa mwalamulo, koma amasungidwa chifukwa cha kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi miyambo komanso momwe mizu imeneyi yazikikira m'gulu.

Chipembedzo ku India

Chipembedzo ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pachikhalidwe cha Amwenye, ndipo lero pali zipembedzo zinayi zochokera ku India kapena ku Dharmic. Chihindu ndi chipembedzo chofala kwambiri, ndipo chachitatu padziko lonse lapansi. Mkati mwake muli masukulu ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana, ndipo ndichipembedzo chomwe chimatsata miyambo ya achikunja. Milungu yake yayikulu ndi Rama, Shivá, Visnú, Krisná ndi Kali.

Kumbali inayi, pali Chibuda, chachisanu chofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi, chokhazikitsidwa ndi Sidarta Gautama, mwana wa Raja waufumu wa Sakias, yemwe adasiya zonse ndikukhala wopemphapempha, akumadzitcha Buddha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wowunikiridwayo. Zimakhazikika pakuchita zabwino, zachifundo, chikondi ndi zina zabwino ndipo sizophunzitsa. Palinso Yainism, yofanana ndi Chibuda, ndi Sikhism, chipembedzo chokhazikika pakati pa Chisilamu ndi Chihindu.

Nkhani yowonjezera:

India: Zikhulupiriro ndi Milungu

Nyimbo ndi magule achikhalidwe chachihindu

Kutulutsa kwamankhwala ndikosakanikirana kochulukirapo kwamamvekedwe amitundu ndi nyimbo zachikale, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale zovina zachilendo komanso zofananira mdzikolo. Komabe, Pali magule 8 achihindu zomwe zawerengedwa kuti ndi zapamwamba, ndipo zomwe zaphatikizidwa mu machitidwe achikhalidwe chifukwa chazikhalidwe zawo zachihindu. Amaphunzitsidwa ku National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama, komanso kuvina kwa: alireza, paka, kathakali, kutchfun, kuchipudi, mpho, odisi y alireza. Izi ndi zovina zamitundu yodabwitsa yomwe imaphatikizaponso nthano zodabwitsa, simungathe kupita ku India osawona chimodzi mwazosangalatsa izi.

Palinso nyimbo zachikhalidwe zomwe zikusewera m'malo ena mdzikolo. Pali a Bauls ku Bengal, nyimbo za Bhangra kumpoto kapena Quawwali ku Pujab.

Gastronomy ya chikhalidwe chaku India

Kudya kuno ndi zosangalatsa kwa m'kamwa. Zakudya zaku India zimadziwika ndi ma curry ake okoma, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito modabwitsa zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zonse kutengera mpunga ndi chimanga. Zonunkhira zambiri zomwe timadya lero, monga tsabola wakuda, zimachokera kuno, chifukwa chake Ahindu amazigwiritsa ntchito modabwitsa. Komabe, chakudyachi chikhoza kukhala chowopsa kwa omwe ali ndi ziwengo, kukhala ndi chakudya chokometsera chotere, kuposa munthu m'modzi akhoza kukhala ndi zovuta.

Pali zakudya zomwe simuyenera kusiya kuyesera mukapita ku India, chifukwa gastronomy nthawi zonse imakhala gawo lofunikira pachikhalidwe mdziko lililonse. Nkhuku ya Tandoori ndimphika wowotcha wa nkhuku wosenda mu yogurt komanso wokongoletsedwa ndi tandoori zonunkhira. Palinso zakudya zina zomwe zingamveke bwino kwa inu, monga biryani, womwe ndi mpunga wosakaniza ndi zonunkhira, chifukwa sitiyenera kuiwala kuti zonunkhira ndizofunikira kwambiri pachakudya cha ku India. Pitsa waku India kapena uthathaappam ndimphika wopangidwa ndi ufa wa mphodza ndi ufa wa mpunga ndi masamba ndi zinthu zina, monga pizza wamba. Mu gawo la maswiti muli ndi jalebi, mtanda wokoma wothira madzi, wokhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje komanso mawonekedwe a conch yolumikizidwa.