La Nzira yeSirik Ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakakurumbira munhoroondo, chinobatanidza chikuru chenyika chinozivikanwa kwemazana emakore. Yakanga iri network yemigwagwa, nzira dzekutengesa inopfuura imwe chete, nzira yakakura iyo yakazopedzisira yabatanidza Asia, Middle East, neEurope nezvakanaka kuIndia subcontinent neRussia.
Kunyangwe yainzi iyo Silk Road Kwete silika chete asiwo zvinonhuwira, shuga, ceramics, tii, munyu, nyanga dzenzou, furs uye zvishongo zvakatengeswa, Semuyenzaniso. Chokwadi ndechekuti kwete zvinhu chete asi tsika, mazano, mitauro, zvitendero uye kunyange zvirwere zvakafamba, saka ine kukosha kukuru kwazvo munhoroondo.
Mugwagwa weSilika
Iyo nzira haina kugara iine zita iri, zvirokwazvo nzira dzakasiyana dzaive dzisina mazita kusvika muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, geologist wekuGerman Ferdinand von Richthofen akaitumidza senge iyo Silk Road yekumutsa kubva ipapo zvisinganzwisisike nzira uye tsika.
Silika chigadzirwa chekare kubva kuChina uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti yakatanga kuburitswa makore angangoita zviuru zviviri nemazana manomwe paseri pechinyakare.Zaive chigadzirwa chakanakisa, yaingoshandiswa mudare reumambo uye kwezviuru zvemakore maitiro ekutsanangudzwa kwayo yaive chakavanzika chisingafanirwe kusiya humambo. China yaive nehutongi asi silika yakafamba nyika yakabatana nevamiriri pamwe nekutengeserana, uye imwe nguva muzana ramakore rekutanga BC yakasvika muHumambo hweRoma sechinhu chakanakisa chekunze.
Silk yakapinda muEurope ndokupa kukurudzira kukudziridzwa kwenzira dzekutengesa kubva kukondinendi ino kuenda kuFar East. Pakupedzisira ruzivo rwekugadzirwa kwesirika rwakaburitswa uye rwakatanga kuburitswa muIndia, Japan, Humambo hwePersia uye pakupedzisira, kuMadokero, kumaXNUMXth century AD. Mugwagwa weSilika wakava imwe yenzira dzakakurumbira uye dzinozivikanwa kwazvo muMiddle Ages uye yaishandiswa zvakanyanya kusvika zana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Iyo migwagwa yakasiyana iyo yaigadzira iyo Silk Road yakatanga kuburikidza nenguva uye inofambidzana nemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika kumatunhu, uye zvakare nekuda kweshanduko yemwaka wenyika. Mumwe anogona kufunga kuti nzira yaive yepasi chete asi kwete, futi yakanga iine ramifications yegungwa chakanyanya kukosha, kunyanya mukutengesa zvinonhuwira zvakaita sesinamoni, ginger, mhiripiri kana nutmeg kubva kune inonzi Spice Islands, iyo Moluccas
Idzi nzira dzemumakungwa dzakatonyanya kukura, nezviuru zvemakore, sezvo vakambobatanidza Mesopotamia, Arabian Peninsula neIndus Valley, saka muMiddle Ages nzira idzi dzakatambanudza ruoko dzakabatana nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekufambisa uye nyeredzi. Saka sezvaunoona paive nenzira dzakasiyana siyana dzaigona kutora vatengesi uye zvakasiyana siyana zvezvinhu zvekuchinjana.
Iyo Silk Road yaive ipapo a yakasimba, ine simba nzira nekufumisa vanhu vese vepasi. Izvi zvakazoonekwa nevanochera matongo uye veEuropean geologist vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX vakatanga kumutevera, vachishuvira kunakidzwa. Uye saka vakawana mataundi, zviyeuchidzo, matongo uye zvakavanzika zvichiri kutikwezva nanhasi.
Iyo Silk Road nhasi
Muzuva redu, saka, mazhinji eaya ezvivakwa enhoroondo nezvivakwa achiri akamira uye kune nzira dzakawanda dzekutaura naye. Mimwe yenzira dzinonakidza dzeSirik Road inotangira muBeijing uye inopera muTashkent, Uzbekistan. Vamwe vanoyambuka hupamhi hweChina uye vanopfuura neKyrgystan saka vanoisa pfungwa pazviri Central Asia, kune vazhinji vanonyanya kufarira uye kuda kuziva chikamu, nemisiyano yakawanda yetsika.
Nzira yakakurudzirwa inotangira mukati KazakstanMuguta rayo guru rinonzi Almaty, unogona kusvika nendege kubva kuBeijing. Hazvirevi kuti Almaty kana Kazakhstan vane mazango mazhinji mavari, asi chokwadi ndechekuti kubva pano zviri nyore kuziva zvakanakisa zveKyrgyzstan. Zuva rese rekufamba uye iwe uchaona zvikomo uye zvakatsvuka Charyn Canyon, saka yakaenzana neakakurumbira Grand Canyon yeColorado.
Pano unoyambukira muKyrgyzstan Uye inogona kunge isiri iyo chete yekuyambuka muganho, saka zviri pachena, usati watanga nzira, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise nyika dzipi dziri kutikumbira vhiza. Kyrgyzstan inyika yakasvibirira, ine mabani eAlpine nemadhamu uye nemakomo asingagumi echando Asingazivikanwe uye akanaka, akazara nemabhiza, makondo akadzidziswa nemisasa yekugara husiku uye kunzwa mune imwe nyika.
Izvi zvakare nyika yakakwana yekukwira makomoIwe unofamba pakati pemakomo, muminda yemaruva emusango uye mumipata yakavezwa nemazaya echinyakare dzimwe nguva usina kuona munhu kwemaawa. Kune nzira dzakatogadzirwa kunze uye sarudzo dziri pakati pehafu-yezuva migwagwa nemigwagwa yemaawa masere, netsoka kana mumarori e4 x 4, anogara achiperekedzwa negwara.
Kubva kuguta guru reKyrgyzstan, Bishkek, unotora nendege kuenda kuTashkent, in Uzbekistan, nzvimbo inoenderana nenzvimbo nenyika yaunosiya uye inova gwenga. Tashkent ndiro guta rakakura kwazvo mudunhu uye guta guru renyika, pamwe nekuve iro hub zvekutaurirana muCentral Asia. Vazhinji vashanyi vanobhadhara iyo Silk Road kushanya pano Mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri pakureba kutanga nendege kuenda kuBeijing.
Aya marudzi eshanyo kazhinji anoenda kuburikidza neDunhuang, Turpan, Kashgar, Tash Rabat, Rwiyo Kol, Bishkek, Samarkand, Bukhara neKhiva kuti vadzokere kuTashkent musi wa 21. Iwe unofungei? Kune vafambi vazhinji Uzbekistan inoratidzika senyika yakasimukira kupfuura Kyrgyzstan, ine mwenje wakawanda mukati meguta, nzvimbo dzevanofamba netsoka, nehusiku huzhinji. Uye iro, iro guta guru rinenge iguta hombe, rine mamosque, nzvimbo dzeruzhinji nenzvimbo senge Khiva, Bukhara kana Samarkand.
Kana iwe usiri kuda kusaina kushanya iyo inokutora iwe kuenda Beijing, unogona nguva dzose tora nzendo kubva kuTashkent sekutora a chitima kuenda kuSamarkand uye kutenderera zvinokwezva kwaro mukati meguta: iyo Bibi Khanym Mosque, yaimbova hombe kwazvo pasirese, yakanaka uye majolica-akazadzwa Registan Square, madrasas, Mausoleum yeTamerlane, guta rekare uye nzvimbo yekuchera matongo yeMarakanda, guta rakakundwa nevaMacedonia makore zviuru zviviri apfuura.
Kubva kuSamarkanda iwe unogona zvakare enda kuBukhara uye ushanyire nhare El Arco umo vakaurawa nhume dzeBritain. Guta rese rakanaka, rakanyarara kupfuura Samarkand uye diki. Kutyaira kweawa kubva kuBukhara une muganhu neTurkmen, maawa maviri ekuyambuka uye mamwe maawa mana uye iwe urimo Merv munguva yekurara uye kutanga kutenderera zuva rinotevera.
Merv yaimbove chikamu cheSirika Road Uye neimwe nzira zvinotaridzika kuti Uzbekistan ingaratidzika sei pasina rubatsiro rweSoviet. Iko hakuna kana vashanyi saka inonzwa kunge yakasarudzika. Maawa mana nemotokari iwe unosvika kuguta guru, Ashgabat, guta rine hunhu, zvivakwa zvemarble uye chifananidzo chendarama chinotenderera zvachose kutarisana nezuva. Guta rekutsvaga, kunyanya yekare Russian Quarter.
Ipapo iwe unogona kuenda kunoziva iyo Darvaza Desert Craters, ichiri kubvira moto kubva kuma '70s pavakabatidzwa nechinangwa. Ndihwo ushasha hwausingakwanise kupotsa nekuti unogara kunogara husiku mumusasa padhuze nema crater matsva aya. Mangwana acho nemota unoenda kumuganhu neUzbekistan uye iwe unoziva Kunya - urgench nemasikiti ayo, forts uye minarets kubva muzana ramakore regumi nerimwe.
Mushure mekuyambuka muganho kune hafu yeawa yekutyaira kuenda kuNukus uye kubva pano unosvika Elliq - Qalas, nhare yemalemonone inoita kunge yabuda pasina kwairi uye iri chikamu chenhaka yaAlexander Mukuru. Inoteverwa neguta re kiva ine mamosque akawanda uye akajairwa matunhu, ane bhuruu majolica kwese kwese. Uye hongu, kubva pano iwe unogona tora ndege uye dzokera kuTashkent kunova ndiko kwatakatanga rwendo.
Sezvauri kuona, pasina kupokana Iyi nzira ichitevedza yekare Silk Road ndeimwe yeakanyanya zvekumwe. Uye sezvaungaona, unogona kusaina kushanya kana kuti unogona kukwereta mota uye kutenderera maguta ese aya, dzimwe nguva kuchida vatungamiriri vekuhaya kana vatyairi vega. Ndiyo chikamu chakakura, zvakadaro, saka zvakanak kushanyira iyo pakati paApril uye kutanga kwaJune kana Gunyana naGumiguru. Kunze kunodziya pasina kupisa zvakanyanya.
Nzira yacho inosanganisira maawa marefu nemotokari, nendege nendege uye dzimwe nzendo dzechitima, mukati meUzbekistan uye pakupedzisira, asi zvisingaite, zvinokurudzirwa kuenda nebhegi uye kwete nesutukesi nekuti kuyambuka pamuganhu kuri kufamba netsoka. Ndiyo chete yenzira dzinogona kuitika uye ungangoda kutanga chiitiko chega, asi izvo zvandinoda kutaura ndezvekuti zvinogoneka. Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinogoneka: tora rwendo rweSirik Road kana ita yako wega rwendo. Iwe sarudza.