ari Mayan vanga vari vamwe vevanonyanya kukosha uye vanonakidza vanhu vekare nyika. Yakagoverwa munzvimbo zhinji dzeCentral America, kwezviuru zvemakore tsika yavo yakapenya pamusoro pevamwe vanhu uye nepasirese.
Asi maMaya akapfeka sei? Sezvavaive? Vakanga vakaita sei? Isu takaona chimwe chinhu mumifananidzo yedu uye kupenda uye nezvimwe zvakasiiwa nevaSpanish makoloni, asi chaizvo, Ndezvipi zvaive zvipfeko zvavaMayan?
Mayans
Sezvatakataura, tsika yeMayan yaive a mesoamerican tsika chakakosha kwazvo chakatora makore anopfuura zviuru zviviri uye chaipenya nechiedza chayo. Yakanga iine nguva dzakasiyana mukukura kwayo, mazhinji emaguta ayo akazopedzisira asiyiwa, zvichikonzera mibvunzo mizhinji nhasi. Gare gare veSpanish vaizosvika vachibvisa chakakura chikamu cheakakosha maficha etsika iyi, kungave nebakatwa kana neBhaibheri.
Mayan budiriro Yaive yakasarudzika nzanga, paive nevakuru uye paive nevanhuwo zvavo kunyangwe nekufamba kwenguva stratification yakawedzera kuve nyanzvi uye nekudaro yakanyanya kuomarara. Maguta-matunhu akaumba humambo kwaive nevarwi, varimi, vatengesi, varanda, vashandi, vanamati, vanokudzwa.
Pamusoro pavo paive mambo, we semi-mwari chinzvimbo. Mudyi wenhaka aifanira kunge ari murume, weropa rake, uye simba raizorora chete mumawoko emukadzi kana pasina murume mugari wenhaka. Kukura kwemudyi wenhaka kwakasungwa netsika dzekutanga uye kwaive nemitambo yakawanda.
Kunyange zvakadaro, 90% yevagari yaive yakajairika uye zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezvevose. Hondo yaive chinhu chezuva nezuva, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekutonga zviwanikwa uye kudzora nzira dzekutengesa. Pakupedzisira, maMaya aive nyanzvi huru dzenyeredzi uye masvomhu Uye kunyangwe nhasi tichigona kushora pazvibayiro zvevanhu, chokwadi ndechekuti tsika iyi yaive yakajairika mutsika dzekare zhinji.
Izvo chaizvo kubva pane hunyanzvi hwake uye nenyaya yevaSpanish, kunyangwe kuburikidza nenguva, izvo zvatinga zive nhasi mapfekero aVaMaya.
Ndezvipi zvaive zvipfeko zvavaMayan
Sezvatakataura, nzanga yeMayan yakanga iri imwe nzanga dzakabatana y mapfekero ake airatidzira izvo. Makirasi akakoshesa akapfeka machira emhando yepamusoro uye ane rumwe ruvara, vaishandisa minhenga kana mabwe anokosha, nepo vanhuwo zvavo vaipfeka zvinoenderana nebasa ravakaita.
Pamusoro pezvo, chiitiko chega chega chetsika chaida chipfeko chayo, saka hazvireve kuti pane chekupfeka cheMayan asi akati wandei. Chipfeko chakasiyana zvichienderana nechiitiko. Saka, pakanga paine masutu ehondo, zvipfeko zvekutamba, zvipfeko zvezuva nezuva uye zvipfeko zvemitambo.
Nekudaro, mumitsara yakajairika tine zvipfeko zvinovhara tsoka, zvimwe zvechiuno, zvechiwoko nemaoko, musoro uye kumeso. Mayans vaipfeka dehwe, donje, furs uye kushongedza zvishongo zvembeu, mabhonzo, matombo anokosha nehuni.
Ngatitangei ne boka rekushanda. Vashandi vakapfeka zvipfeko zvakapusa zvaivabvumidza kushanda. Chii chavakaita? Chaizvoizvo vaive varimi saka vakapfeka a siketi pfupi, "patty«, Kufamba zviri nyore mumunda, uye hapana chinhu pane torso. Pati rakafukidza sikarudzi uye dzimwe nguva zvese zvaigona kuvezwa nemavara, zvinoenderana nekuravira kwemuridzi. Kune ake chikamu vakadzi vacho vaipfeka siketi yakareba nehembe yakafara inonzi huipil.
Iyo huipil yakavhara mapendekete avo uye yaiwanzo kuve yakajeka. Pamakumbo avo vaipfeka shangu dzaigadzirwa neganda redehwe nemamwe marudzi ematehwe. Ndiani aigona kuvashongedza nezvinhu zvemuti kana bhonzo. Shangu dzevakadzi dzaive dzakaonda kudarika dzevarume. Nepo murimi aipfeka mbatya dzakadzikama uye mhizha ingangodaro yaiwedzera shongedzo yakarembera, varanda vacho vaipfeka nhembe chete uye vaigona kufamba vasina shangu. Kana vaive nyama yekubaira, saka vaipiwa kushongedzwa.
Izvo zvakapfava zvekupfeka zvevashandi zvinopesana nezvishongo zvehembe dzeMayan yepamusoro kirasi. Vakadzi vekirasi yepamusoro vakapfeka siketi refu uye yakafara, yakasungwa nemicheka ine mavara muchiuno. Pamusoro ivo vaipfeka vasina maoko, shati dzine mabhegi, uye vaive vakashongedzwa mabwe anokosha. Pamisoro yavo vakapfeka ngowani dzine minhenga uye pamwe nemaparera, tiara, machira. Pamakumbo, shangu dzakatetepa dzine tambo uye matombo anokosha uye zvimwe zvishongo. Iwo makushe emvere aisashaikwa futi.
Asi ivo vakawana kupi mavara kubva? Mayans vaishandisa zvakasikwa pigments, madhayi emiriwo, kudhayi mbatya dzako dzemachira. Mavara akanyanya kuwanda aive yellow and the zvitema: yero inomiririra ruvara rweyoka, chibage uye zvigadzirwa zvacho, uye bhuruu raive ruvara rwevamwari nemvura. Micheka yaMayan yaishamisa uye zvese zvemachira zvaionekwa sechipo kubva kuna mwarikadzi weMwedzi, Ixchel. Vakadzi panguva iyoyo vaive ma spinner uye embroiders par kugona.
Zvino, Izvo zvipfeko zvinotora kutaridzika kwakasiyana kana zvasvika pamhemberero kana tsika. Idzo tsika dzakatenderedza nekukumbira nyasha kubva kuna vamwari, goho rakanaka, semuenzaniso, uye zvaiitwa nguva nenguva zvinoenderana nekutenderera kwemwedzi. Panguva idzi hembe dzaive zvakanyanya kurova uye idzi dzaive nguva dzekuti simba remhuri riratidzwe nezvipfeko.
Ndipo pakanga pane iyo minhenga ine mavara, zvakanakisa mabwe anokosha, zvipfeko zvakanakisa kupfuura zvese. Zvipfeko zvevapristi zvaisanganisira muswe uzere neminhenga, zvishongo zvaiita ruzha pakufamba (zvishongo, ruzha), tsvimbo dzinorema, uye chifananidzo chaityisa. Fungidzira uine mukomana akapfeka seizvi aine banga muruoko rwake nezve kutora moyo wako ... Zvinotyisa sei!
Kugumisira asi kusiri kupedzisira, kupenda kwemuviri ivo vaive chikamu chehembe. Vese varume nevakadzi vakapenda miviri yavo uye kumeso. Vakadzi vakasarudza kupenda kumeso kwavo uye varume vakawedzerawo nhengo dzemuviri.
Varume, semuenzaniso, vakazvipenda pendi nhema kusvikira varoora. Unyanzvi pane iwo muviri hwaive ephemeral uye hwainge husisiri kusiyanisa makirasi enharaunda zvakanyanya. Kwete chete ivo vepamusoro vaigona kupenda miviri yavo, kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti mashandisiro avo pazviitiko zveruzhinji aive neayo mitemo.