Chimwe chezvivakwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa munyika ndeye Taj Mahal. Iri muIndia uye vashanyi vanoshanyira nyika ino yakanaka havabvi vasina kuishanyira. Chokwadi, kana usingazivi zita rake, wakamuona kane chiuru paTV, mumagazini, kana kuti paIndaneti.
Asi Chii chinonzi Taj Mahal chaizvo? Imba yamambo, chiyeuchidzo, guva, chivakwa chehurumende…?
TheTaj Mahal
Chaizvoizvo iyo Taj Mahal ndiyo mausoleum, guva guru uye rinoyevedza rakavakwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX kuti azorore mumwe wevakadzi vaMambo Sha Jahan. Chivako chiri pamahombekombe erwizi Yamuna, muguta reAngra.
Iyo yakaoma ine a 17 mahekita mukati umo mune mosque, imba yevaeni, mapindu, rusvingo rwekare uye guva pacharo. Kuvaka kwakatanga muna 1632 uye pakasvika 1643 rakanga rava kutopera, kunyange zvazvo mabasa acho akapfuurira kwemamwe makore gumi. Kana tikaita masvomhu nekukurumidza, mari yekuvaka nhasi inofanira kunge iri bhiriyoni imwe chete yemadhora.
nhoroondo yakawanda sei Mambo Shah Jahan aida kukudza kuyeuka mudzimai wake waaida Mumtaz Mahal, uyo akanga afa pakusununguka. wemwanakomana wake wegumi nemana. Rakanga riri gore ra1631 uye mabasa akatanga gore rakatevera racho, pakati pokurwadziwa kwachangamire. Mambo uyu akanga ari mwanakomana wechitatu waEmperor Jahangir naPrincess Manmati uye akazvizivisa kuva mambo muna 1628. Aiva nechishuvo chemasimba uye aishingaira zvikuru mune zvematongerwe enyika, achiwedzera nharaunda, asi aifarirawo zvivakwa.
Paakatumidza Angra seguta guru rehumambo hwake, akasarudza kuvaka mamosque maviri makuru, mukuwedzera kune Taj Mahal, kunyangwe iyo yekupedzisira iri kureba kwezvishuwo zvake. Iyo Taj Mahal yakanaka kwazvo uye sezvatinoziva, yakavakirwa kukudza ndangariro yeanonyanya kudiwa pakati pevahosi vayo vatatu, Mumtaz Mahal.
Asi ari sei taj mahal? Zvinoita sekuti vagadziri vezvivakwa vakakurudzirwa nekuvaka kwakapfuura, seguva raTimor, musiki wedzinza reMughal, uye mamwe makuva ehumambo. Asi makuva aya aive akagadzirwa nered limestone, uku Sha Jahan akasarudza kuita basa rake nemarble chena uye semi anokosha matombo.
Guva iri riri pamwoyo chaipo peiyo yakaoma: chiumbwa chemarble chena chinogara paskweya plinth uye chine dome hombe, nguva dzose ichitevera dhizaini yechiIslam. Kune makamuri akawanda uye mune rimwe rawo iguva, cenotaph apo mudzimai anozorora nhasi asiwo mambo akafa makore gumi chete mushure memudiwa wake. Mapindu ane zvitubu, nzira dzezvidhinha nemarble, mibhedha yakawanda yemaruva, makwenzi emaruva, miti yemichero...
Dome rechivako, rinonyanya kushamisa kubva pedyo nekure, rakareba mamita 35, izvo zvinowedzera hukuru. Kana tikawedzera kune izvi kuti iyo yose yakaoma yakashongedzwa zvakanaka, zvinonzwisisika kuti sei Taj Mahal inoramba ichishamisa vashanyi vayo. Ita kushongedza kwekunze kwakakosha, iine zvinhu zvecalligraphy, abstract dhizaini uye chirimwa motif uyewo, zvose zvine unyanzvi hwakasiyana, kubva kune zvivezwa, mifananidzo, zvidhori kana matombo akaiswa.
Pamativi ose kune ndima kubva muKorani inoshandiswa mukushongedza. Kune mavara akaiswa mukati goridhe, jasipa kana dombo dema, mamwe ane udzame, mamwe mamwe mvura asingagone kuverengwa. Kune kunyange calligraphy yakadhirowewa muchiyero kuti inogona kuverengwa kubva pasi, kubva kureba kwevanhu. Abstract mapatani ari kwese kwese, asiwo pauriri uye munzira, ane mavara emifananidzo.
Matombo anokosha anoonekwa mukati mechivako, muimba yepakati uye mune cenotaphs yamambo nemudzimai wake. Imba yacho ine octagonal muchimiro uye ine misuwo yakawanda. Madziro emukati akareba mamita makumi maviri nemashanu uye pamusoro pawo pakamira dome renhema rakashongedzwa ne solar motifs. Padanho repasi pane maarch masere uye mamwe ane mabharukoni. Mahwindo anewo sikirini yemarble chena.
Iyo cenotaph yemukadzi wamambo iri pakati pekamuri: pane rectangular marble base pane zvakare marble urn. Kune matombo anokosha kwose kwose. Pedyo nayo pane cenotaph yeSha Jahan, iyo yakakura uye yakawedzerwa pashure porufu rwamambo makore gumi gare gare.
Asi iyo Taj Mahal haina kungoshamisa kune chivakwa pachayo, asiwo kune yekunze dhizaini, kune yayo mapindu uye mabasa makuru e hydraulic aidikanwa kuvadiridza. Kune mapaipi evhu, mapaipi emhangura, migero, zvitubu, matangi ekugovera... Kwete zvinhu zvose zvakachengetedzwa, asi zvakasara zvinotibvumira kuona kuti zvakanga zvakanaka sei.
Kupfuura kwemazana emakore zvamazvirokwazvo kwakakanganisa chiyeuchidzo, kunyange zvazvo chakasvika kunguva yedu zvakanaka zvikuru. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, mabasa akawanda okudzorera akaitwa.. MaBritish aive achiri. Munguva pfupi yapfuura kwave nekukuvadzwa kune marble façade yakakonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo, nekuda kwekubuda kwehupfu kubva kumafekitori ari pedyo uye injini dzemotokari.
Nekuda kweizvi, nzvimbo yekudzivirira yakasarudzwa yakatenderedza chiyeuchidzo, ichirambidza kugadzira uye kutenderera kwemotokari. Gare gare, muna 1998, basa rokudzorera rakaitwa zvakare.
Kudzokera kumashure zvishoma kunhoroondo, muna 1657 Shah Jahan akarwara uye ipapo akatanga kurwa kunotyisa pakati pevanakomana vake vana nokuda kwenhaka yake nechigaro choumambo. Akakunda aive Aurangzeb uye pakupedzisira akaisa baba vake muRed Fort kusvika pakufa kwake.
Taj Mahal ruzivo runoshanda
- Iyo Taj Mahal inovhura hafu yeawa zuva risati ravira uye inovhara hafu yeawa zuva risati ranyura. Matikiti anotengeswa pamagedhi ese anopinda mucomplex.
- Mutengo wetikiti wevatorwa i1100/200 rupees. Avo vanotenga tikiti pamhepo vane mutero we5 rupees.
- Vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemashanu ekuberekwa havabvumirwi kupinda.
- Imwe 200 rupees inobhadharwa kana iwe uchida kushanyira mausoleum.
- Kune kushanya kwehusiku mazuva mashanu pamwedzi. Semuenzaniso, kana paine kuzara uye husiku huviri pamberi uye husiku huviri mushure. Matikiti ekushanya uku anowanikwa rimwe zuva chiitiko chisati chaitwa, muAgra. Maawa ekushanya kwehusiku anobva na8:30 pm kusvika 12:30 am, mumapoka masere evanhu makumi mashanu. Kushanya kunotora hafu yeawa. Tikiti rinodhura 50 rupees pamunhu mukuru wekune imwe nyika.
- Nharembozha dzinofanira kudzimwa kana kunyarara. Kusvuta kunorambidzwa uye ndizvo zviri kutora mafoto mune main mausoleum.
- Unogona kusvika kuAngra nendege kana nechitima. Kubva kuguta kuenda kuTaj Mahal unogona kutora tekisi, rickshaw kana tekisi redhiyo.