Ndizvozvo, iyo Gungwa reSargasso ndiro chete gungwa risina gungwaMvura yaro haishambidze mhenderekedzo yenyika ipi neipi yenyika. Waizviziva here? Zvirokwazvo iwe wakambonzwa kana kuiverenga kunze uko, asi iwe unonyatso ziva iri kupi o ine hunhu hupi kana kuti sei zvichidanwa kudaro?
Nhasi, chinyorwa chedu chiri pamusoro peGungwa reSargasso, gungwa rizere nealki iro zvakare ndiro chete gungwa rinotsanangurwa nehunhu uye hunhu hwehunhu.
Gungwa reSargasso
Chekutanga pane zvese, iri kupi? Inzvimbo yeNorth Atlantic Ocean, yakakura kwazvo, ye elliptical chimiro. Inowanikwa pakati pemeridians 70º uye 40º uye yakafanana 25º kusvika 35ºN, kuchamhembe kweNorth Atlantic.
Kumadokero kweGungwa reSargasso inomhanya iyo Gulf Stream, kumaodzanyemba the Maodzanyemba Ikweta Yazvino uye kumabvazuva Canary yazvino uye inosanganisira huwandu hwe 5.2 mamirioni emakiromitas, makiromita 3.200 pakureba uye anopfuura makiromita chiuru nemazana paupamhi. Chinhu chakafanana nezvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvegungwa, izvo zvisiri zvishoma, kana chetatu chechiso cheUnited States.
Isu takataura mumusoro wenyaya kuti ndiro chete gungwa risina makondinendi kubva ipapo iyo chete masasi epasi anoshongedza nzvimbo yako zvitsuwa zveBermuda. Muchokwadi, ndizvo pano pane yakakurumbira Bermuda Triangle, kune vamwe chikamu chegungwa chairo, kune vamwe gungwa rese.
Chinhu chinodikanwa ndechekuti Yakawanikwa panguva yekutanga kwaChristopher Columbus kuenda kuAmerica muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, uyezve, iye amene anonongedzera kuhunhu chaihwo hwegungwa iri iro pakupedzisira rakaguma richiripa zita raro: vamwe vachirova "Green herbs" iyo yakanga yakawanda mumvura uye ichiripo. Muchokwadi, haisi miriwo asi algae, yerudzi rwe macroalgae inozivikanwa se sagarsum, sargassum.
Iyo tembiricha inodziya yemvura yegungwa rino yakagadzira nzvimbo yakanakisa yekuti algae iberekane uye, nekuda kwemafungu ayo mune imwe nzira anovhara gungwa, algae yakaramba iri mukati, pakati chaipo, kazhinji ichifungidzira njodzi chaiyo kune vanokwira zvikepe. Izvo ndezvekuti dzimwe nguva kune chaiko "mapoka" eaya algae.!
Zita rakapihwa nevaPutukezi vafambisi vezvikepe, ivo vakabhabhatidza ese egungwa uye gungwa. Panguva iyoyo vafambi ava vaifunga kuti yaive dense algae iyo dzimwe nguva yaidzora ngarava, asi nhasi zvinozivikanwa kuti chaicho chikonzero chaive uye ndiyo Gulf Stream.
Ndeupi hunhu hunowanikwa neGungwa reSargasso? Chekutanga hapana mhepo yegungwa kana mafungu Uye munzvimbo yechipiri algae uye plankton yakawanda. Isu takatotaura kuti algae inoumba masango echokwadi anogona kutora nzvimbo yese inoonekwa yemvura, iyo yakawedzera kune iyo kusavapo kwemhepoZvinogona kutsamwisa avo vanofamba nechikepe. Kune mafungu kumativi, akatenderedza, asi anodungamidzana zvichikonzera mvura iri mukati kuti ifambe mumativi akakomberedza nenzira yakatarisa nguva.
Pakati peaya madenderedzwa hapana chinooneka kufamba uye kwakanyanya kudzikama. Iyo inozivikanwa "chicha kudzikama" yakatya kudaro nevatyairi vekare. Masaisai akakomberedza ndeemamwe kana mashoma mvura inodziya uye anofamba pamusoro pemvura yakadzika, yakaoma uye inotonhora.
Aya mamiriro, mvura ine density dzakasiyana, ndiyo inoita kuti plankton idye nitrate uye phosphates kutonga pamusoro pemvura, panosvika zuva. asi panguva imwecheteyo, inova nechokwadi chekuti idzi mvura hadzi sanganise nemvura inotonhorera inoyerera pazasi uye haigone kutsiva munyu wavanorasa.
Kubva pano izvo hapana kana hupenyu hwemhuka muGungwa reSargasso. Kune gumi gumi emhando dzemhando dzealgae, senge Latreute shrimp, iyo sargassensis anemone, iyo Lithiopa hozhwa kana ndege ndege minutus crab. Hatigone kutadza kutaura kuti nzvimbo iyi yakakosha kune shiri dzeshiri dzinomera pano, kune dzimwe humpback whale kana kamba. Muchidimbu inzvimbo iri kubereka, kutama uye nzvimbo yekupa chikafu.
Kune rumwe rutivi haina kunaya yakawanda zvakare, saka pane kuwedzera kwemvura pane kusvika kwemvura. Muchidimbu igungwa rine munyu wakawanda uye zvinovaka muviri zvishoma. Zvingave zvakaenzana nerenje mugungwa. Ine mitsara inoshanduka uye zvimwe chete zvinoitika nekudzika kwayo, iyo yakanyoresa nezve 150 metres mune dzimwe nzvimbo asi inosvika zviuru zvinomwe mune dzimwe.
Asi gungwa rakadai raigona kunge rakaumbwa sei pakati peAtlantic Ocean? SIyo yakaumbwa nemaitiro eiyo geological akaitika pamusoro pegungwa regungwa iro risisipo, iyo Tethys. Rangarira supercontent Pangea? Eya, kutsemuka mariri, kuri pakati pemakondinendi eAfrica neNorth America, kwakagadzira nzvimbo iyo mvura yeTethys yakawanikwa, ichiumba chikamu cheNorth Atlantic Ocean iripo. Izvi zvakamhanya makore anodarika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu apfuura.
Gare gare, apo Gondwana akatsemuka muMiddle Cretaceous, iyo South Atlantic yakazvarwa. Munguva yeCenozoic Era gungwa rakawedzera miganho yaro uye zviwi zviri kwese kwese zvine chekuita nekuparara kukuru kwakaratidza hupenyu hwepasi pano.
Pakupedzisira, Pane here chinhu chinotyisidzira Gungwa reSargasso? Iye murume, pamwe? Wakawana zvakanaka! Yedu yekuvandudza hupfumi modhi inoenderana nekugara kugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye kushandiswa kunogadzira junk uye marara, chaizvo, anotyisidzira gungwa. Kusvibisa nemakemikari, marara epurasitiki uye kunyangwe kufamba kwakajeka kwezvikepe kunokanganisa zvakanyanya ecosystem yeGungwa reSargasso. Kunyangwe kuve kure nemakondinendi emakondinendi.
Neraki muna 2014 Chiziviso cheHamilton chakasainwa pakati peUnited Kingdom, Monaco, United States, Azores Islands neBermuda kuzvichengetedza, asi… zvinoramba zvichionekwa kana zvanyatsoitwa.