Zvinoenderana neDuramazwi reRoyal Spanish Academy nyika inzvimbo yakaumbwa senyika inotonga. Kuumbwa kwenyika hakusi diki feat uye ndiko kupera kwemaitiro akareba enhoroondo apo miganhu yakavezwa ikaturwazve kakawanda. Saka kune nyika ngani munyika nhasi?
UN inobvuma 194 nyika dzepamutemo mhiri kwemakondinendi mashanu. Imwe neimwe ine nhoroondo yayo, asi kana tikatarisa chimwe chinhu padyo ... Ndeipi nyika yekare muEurope? Unoziva?
Nyika yekare muEurope
Kunyangwe paine kazhinji hurukuro pamusoro pazvo, Portugal ndiyo nyika yekare muEurope. Uye sezvatakataura pamusoro, ndiwo mhedzisiro yemaitiro akareba enhoroondo. Pasi rese, vanhu vakasimudza mireza yechitendero, rudzi kana mutauro kuti vatonge pakati pevamwe, muEurope, muAmerica, muAsia ...
Muzviitiko zvese vanhu vakagadzira pfungwa yenzanga kubva mukugovana tsika. Gare gare kukwira nekudzika kwezvematongerwo enyika kwaizogadzira nyika dzekunyepedzera, dzakanamatira pakufarira kwemasimba asi dzakabviswa zvombo nyore kana iro simba rikapera simba. Ngatifungei nezveumambo hweOttoman, iyo Soviet Union, iyo Austro-Hungary Humambo ...
Asi chii chakaitika kuPortugal? Hwaro hwayo hwakaitika kutenderera gore re1139 uye kunyangwe zuva racho risinganyanyi kutaura zvakawanda iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve kudzikama kwemiganhu yayo. Kana chiri icho chinhu chekufunga nezvacho hongu, Portugal ndiyo nyika yekare muEurope.
Chokwadi ndechekuti nepo nyika yese yakasangana nehondo nekumukira izvo zvakatamisa zvachose miganhu yayo, mambo akachinja, humambo hwachinja, nyika dzazvino, mademokrasi, nyika, hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri. Portugal ine nhoroondo yakanyarara. Portugal ine makore anoda kusvika gumi ehupenyu uye iyo miganhu yakagadzikana kubva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Uri kushamisika here kuti iPortugal? Wanga uchifunga here, pamwe, nezveGirisi? Ngatirangarirei izvo musiyano zvatiri kufunga nezvazvo, kudzikama kwemiganhu. Mushure mekudonha kwehushe hweRoma, dunhu rePutukezi rakapambwa nevanhu vanoverengeka, kusanganisira maArabu, uye pazvakakwaniswazve, Portugal County, Yakabatanidzwa muHumambo hweCastile.
Zviripachena pakanga paine kuyedza kwakawanda kwekuwana kuzvitonga, panguva imwechete yavaida kudzinga maArabu, ayo pakupedzisira akazadzikiswa apo Portugal yakasayina rusununguko muna 1143, chinyorwa chakazivikanwa naPapa Alexander III. Panguva iyoyo, Count Alfonso Enríquez, mwanakomana wa Count Enrique de Borgoña, nyanzvi yezvemauto neyematongerwo enyika, akatonga. Gare gare makakatanwa nehumambo hweCastile hwaizopedzwa, kuburikidza nekusaina kweiyo Chibvumirano cheAlcañices pakati paDionisio I wePortugal naFernando IV weCastile.
Chibvumirano ichocho yakagadzirisawo miganhu pakati peumambo hwePorugal neiyo yeLeón. Mushure mehondo, Portugal yakakwanisa kutarisa mukusimudzira kwayo uye iyi ndiyo nzira yainopinda nayo mukufona «Age of Discoveries». Zvikepe zvake zvakafamba mumakungwa, akaongorora mahombekombe eAfrica, akasangana mubatanidzwa pakati peAtlantic neIndia Ocean kuburikidza neCape yeGood Hope, akapinda muSouth neSouth America, akatapa Brazil, akasvika kuMabvazuva.
Nyika dziri muNyika Itsva dzakamupa hupfumi hutsva ruoko rwakabatana nezvicherwa, nendarama nematombo anokosha zvakaita kuti dare raMambo John V rive rakapfuma kwazvo muEurope. Gare gare akazoita kupokana kwezvematongerwo enyika, zvehupfumi uye zvemagariro. Saizvozvo, zana ramakore rechiXNUMX raive risina kudzikama zana sezvo raive nemarudzi ese ekumukira uye kunyangwe zvirevo zvemauto. Uyezve, pakati pezana regumi nemapfumbamwe nemakumi maviri emakore, humambo hwakatanga kupunzika uye iyo yePortugal yakanga isiri iyo.
Portugal yakadhumhana neEngland kakawanda, pasina rombo rakanaka, saka pakupedzisira iro rakakanganisa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvesimba humambo hwakazobviswa muna Gumiguru 1910. Ipapo republic yakazvarwa, kutora chikamu kwenyika mukutora Hondo Yenyika Yokutanga, kubvuta masimba nemauto uye yaive salazar, yedare revaFascist.
Kuguma kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri kwakakanganisawo Portugal. Hapana akada kurega zvinhu zvavo zvekumhiri kwemakungwa asi anga atove mamiriro asingatendeke. Ipapo, Portugal yakapinda Hondo kuAngola, kuGuinea Bissau, kuMozambique. Matambudziko ekunze haana kupomhodza matambudziko mukati uye nekudaro, mumakumi emakore akatevera Portugal yakatambura nedambudziko risingaenzanisike rakatungamira kune anonzi Carnation Revolution, muna 1974.
Pakati pemauto necommunist njodzi, zvaive zvakadaro Muma70, nyika yakazogura hukama nenharaunda dzayo dzemuAfrica, vachiziva kuzvitonga kwavo.. Pakupedzisira, danho redzimhosva rakatanga kudzikama uye mu1976 mutungamiri wekutanga akasarudzwa nevese suffrage.
Zvino, kana tikatarisa imwe musiyano, hongu kune marudzi akakura kupfuura Portugal. Semuyenzaniso, Greece, ine mutsigo kuenderana kwezviuru zvemakore. Zviripachena, mazana emakore akaburitsa shanduko mune zvematongerwo enyika pamwe nemiganhu yayo uye hatifanire kuenzanisa miganho iriko neiyo yeGirisi rekare, asi yakawanda yetsika yaro yekutanga ichiri kuoneka nanhasi uye inosimbisa se imwe yenyika dzekare kwete chete muEurope chete asi pasirese.
Portugal, Greece, isu tinofanirwawo kugadza Sani Marino. Iyo inyika diki asi nyika kumagumo uye iri zvekare imwe yekare muEurope nepasirese. Pamutemo San Marino yakasikwa mugore ra301 neruoko rwemukristu wematombo, Marinus wekuDalmatia, uyo akabva pachitsuwa cheArbe kuti atize mutemo unopesana nechiKristu waMambo weRoma Diocletian. Akauya pano, akavanda paGomo reTitano, uye akatanga nharaunda diki.
Zviripachena San Marino yaive mumaoko emasimba akavakidzana, asi muna 1631 Vatican yakazoziva rusununguko rwayo. Makore gare gare, muna 1797, yakagamuchirwawo neFrance, uye na1815 nedzimwe nyika zhinji muEurope. Kuzvimiririra kwayo kwaive munjodzi dzimwe nguva, semuenzaniso panguva yekubatanidzwazve kweItari, asi yakakwanisa kuzvidzivirira nekusaina zvibvumirano zvakati wandei.
Ipo San Marino iri diki mamiriro, isu hatigone kutaura zvakafanana nezve France. Kuvambwa kwerudzi urwu kunogona kuteverwa kumashure kutsemuka kweHutsvene hweRoma Humambo muna 843 kana kusvika kugadzwa kwechigaro chaMambo Clovis muna 481. Ngatitorei rimwe zuva kana rimwe, chokwadi ndechekuti France yakagara kwenguva refu nguva. looooong mamiriro ekunze.
Tinogona zvakare kutaura nezvazvo Arumeniya, iyo yaive nenharaunda yayo kweanenge makore mazana maviri nemazana matanhatu, Bharugeriya y ya kunze kweEurope Japan, Iran Egypt neEthiopia ivo vari pakati penyika dzekare.