India: Kutenda uye Vanamwari

India Ndiyo nyika yechipiri pasi rose maererano nehuwandu hwevanhu, inosvika panhamba ye 1,320.900.000 vanhu kuverenga. kuseri kweChina. India, chivako chetsika yemireniyamu, yemitauro yakare inozivikanwa uye yezvitendero zvakasiyana uye nzira dzekufunga, yanga iri imba kune vanhu vakasiyana siyana uye madzinza kwemazana emakore uye yakadzidza kugara pamwechete ichipa kubwinya. tsika nemagariro.

Muchikamu chino chatinopa nhasi tinokuunzira yavo "Kutenda uye Vamwari" uye mune imwe yeayo atichaburitsa mangwana tichakuzivisawo kune dzimwe dzetsika nemhemberero dzayo. Iyi vhiki yevhiki tinopfeka mukati 'sari', tinozvizora isu ne turmeric uye sandalwood uye tinozvizadza isu neakasiyana mavara. Isu tinopa kwamuri India, nyika yevanamwari.

Zvitendero muIndia

India ndiyo chivako chezvitendero zviviri zvakapararira muAsia: Hinduism uye buddhism. Asi kune vamwewo vakawanda, muvanhu vashoma, vakura seaya maviri akakosha uye akakosha munhoroondo, senge chiSikh uye chiJainism. Kune zvakare maKristu, maJuda, maMuslim, Parsis, nezvimwe.

Kunyangwe paine misiyano mikuru yezvinamato, pane chinhu chinobatanidza chinovabatanidza vese: vanoita chinzvimbo chakakosha muhupenyu hwevanhu zvekuti hazvigone kusiyanisa zvakasviba kubva kune zvinoera. Saka unogona kutaura izvozvo chinamato chiripo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevaIndia.

ChiHindu

Izwi rekuti Hinduism harina kuumbwa kusvika muzana ramakore rechi1.500 asi rakatangira muna XNUMX BC uye rinoreva zvitendero zvinoenderana ne Mutemo wekusingaperi o 'sanatanadharma'. Mutemo wekusingaperi wakanangana ne "Vedas" ndiwo mabhuku mana panoratidzwa njere dzake.

Hunhu hwakakosha kwazvo hwechiHindu ndi:

• Pakutanga, matavi akasiyana echiHindu anofunga izvozvo chokwadi chitarisiko chekunyepedzera (Maya).
• Chechipiri, zvinotendwa mukati kuberekwazve kana kutama kwemweya y mutemo wekarma.
• Chechitatu, chiHindu chinoshuvira kusunungurwa uye kusungwa kwemunhu ari kuitira kuti usvike pakuzivikanwa pamwe neasikwa (Brahma).

Nheyo dzeHinduism

• La cow Inoonekwa seamai vepasi, mucherechedzo wekubereka kwevhu; chitsvene muchiHindu.
• Chiito che fudza mombe inoonekwa serudzi rwe veneración.
• ari mhuka, kazhinji, dzinoonekwa chitsvene nekuti mwari wavo Brahma anogara mavari.
• 'Kwete Mukti': iko kusunungurwa kwemunhu kubva mukutenderera kwekuzvarwa patsva.
• 'Karma-Sansara ': ndiko kutanga kwekuberekwazve kwemweya.

ChiBhudha

Ichi chinamato chakazvarwa muIndia pakati peXNUMXth uye XNUMXth century BC sekuwedzera kune chiHindu. Iyi dzidziso inokoshesa zvakanyanya kutambura kwehupenyu uye inoita nzira yekuzvisunungura kubva pairi. Buddhism yakavambwa na siddhartha gautama, muchinda akasiya hupenyu hwake kudare kuti apinde munyika yekufungisisa.

Dzidziso yake yakavakirwa papfungwa yekuti Hupenyu hwese hurikugadzira kurwadziwa; Kugumisa kutambura uku, Buddha anotsvaga kubvisa chinokonzera icho chinounza: kusaziva kunokonzeresa kuda kurarama uye kuve nezvimwe zvinhu zvekunyama. Kusunungurwa kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekufungisisa uye nekunzwisisa aya maitiro akapusa. Kubviswa kwechishuwo ichi kunosanganisira chinzvimbo cheuto, cherunyararo rwakadzika, rwunonzi Nirvana.

Shanyira kuTemberi yeMeenakshi

El Meenakshi Tembere Iri mu madurai guta, wekare muTamil Nadu zvese munhoroondo uye mungano, ane makore anopfuura 2.600. Sekureva kwengano, madonhwe emvura tsvene akadonha kubva kuna Mwari Siva munzvimbo ine guta iri uye nekudaro zita rekuti Madurai, zvinoreva kuti "guta reekita", rinobva mariri.

Tembere iyi ndiyo yakatsaurirwa kuna Meenakshi, mukadzi akanaka waMwari Siva. Iyo tembere yebaroque yeDravidian dhizaini kubva muzana ramakore rechi12- 45. Iyo tembere ine shongwe gumi nembiri pakati pe50 uye 4 sentimita kukwirira, nokudaro ichiumba masuo mana kutembere. Ivo vakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yakajeka yakawanda-siyana yevanamwari, mhuka, uye ngano. Shongwe dzayo dzinobva panguva dzakasiyana, iyo iri kumabvazuva iri yekare (zana ramakore rechiXNUMX) uye yekumaodzanyemba kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Gamuchira zviuru zvevanozvipira kubva kumatunhu ese enyika, kuve chimwe chezvivakwa zvinoera kwazvo muIndia. Yakave zvakare iri nzvimbo yetsika, mimhanzi, hunyanzvi, mabhuku nekutamba kwemazana emakore. Mukati meyakavharirwa mune kamuri yemakoramu ane chiuru, ese akasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe uye akavezwa nenzira yakasarudzika uye yakajeka.

Shanyira kuTemberi yeGoridhe

Tembere iyi iripo muguta dzvene reAmritsar. Iyo yakavambwa naRam Das, mumwe wevanyanzvi vechitendero cheSikk, mu zana ramakore XVI.

Icho chivakwa chakaisvonaka zvakanaka zvakavezwa machena, kune iwo mashizha eshizha regoridhe akatevedzwa. Chimwe chinokwezva cheichi chivakwa ndechekuti rakakomberedzwa nedziva iro mvura yaro inonzi ine simba rekuporesa. Padivi petemberi pane iyo Guru Kalangar, uko chikafu chemahara chinopihwa mapilgrim mazuva ese.