Kuwanikwa kwemapako eAltamira pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX kwaireva kushandurwa kweruzivo rwaifanirwa kuve rwemurume wepamberi: kubva pakuonekwa semunhu wemusango akaonekwa semunhu ane hunyanzvi anokwanisa kuumba muchadenga nehunyanzvi hunoshamisa . Icho chimwe cheakakura uye ekutanga ekuratidzira kwehunhu hwevanhu.
Iwo Mapira eAltamira, ari muCantabria, ane kuzivikanwa kwekuve nzvimbo yekutanga mupasi pakawanikwa hunyanzvi hwemapako kubva Kumusoro Paleolithic. Tevere, tinosvika pakuziva imwe yeakanakisa akachengetedzwa emifananidzo muSpain.
Nhoroondo yekuwanikwa
Mapako eAltamira akawanikwa netsaona, muna 1868, nembwa yaive ichivhima nemuridzi wayo, anonzi Modesto Cubillas, munzvimbo iyi. Achimhanyisa mhuka, akawana buri diki raitungamira kubako uye munzira yekudzoka, Cubillas akataura nhau kune vavakidzani vake, avo vasina kuzvipa kukosha nekuti vaitenda kuti raingova rimwe bako.
Pakati pevanhu vakapihwa nhau nemuvhimi ndiMarcelino Sanz de Sautuola, muridzi akapfuma weCantabrian nzanga yepamusoro akafunga semudzidzi munzvimbo iyi uye anoda paleontology.
Yakanga iri kusvika muna 1879 apo Sautuola, achiperekedzwa nemwanasikana wake ane makore masere okuberekwa María, paakawana mifananidzo padenga paakaenda kumapako aine chinangwa chekutora zvisaririra zvemabhonzo nedombo. Aifarira kwazvo kuwanikwa kweiyo mifananidzo yemhuka zvekuti gore rakatevera akaburitsa diki sainzi yenyaya paAltamira.
Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo zvaifungidzirwa kuti mifananidzo yacho yakanga isiri yekare uye kuti yakanga yaitwa nemumwe mupendi wepakati, ichiisa kusava nechokwadi kwacho kunyanya muFrance.
Kufa kwaSautuola kwakaita sekushora mapako eAltamira mukukanganwa, asi kukosha kwavo kwakatsigirwa zvishoma nezvishoma nezvakawanikwa nezvimwe zvidimbu zveumhizha mumapako akasiyana siyana mukondinendi.
Mufananidzo | Chikonzero
Hunhu hwemapako eAltamira
Mapako aya aishandiswa panguva dzakasiyana siyana, kunyanya kuMagdalenian naSolutrean. Nenzira iyi, zvinogona kunzi zvinowedzera makore makumi maviri nemaviri ekugara mukati meUpper Paleolithic. Maitiro ake anoratidzwa mune inonzi chikoro cheFranco-Cantabrian, inoratidzirwa neichoicho cheiyo mhuka nhamba uye anthropomorphic manhamba, kunyangwe paine zvekare zvisingabvumike mifananidzo.
Iyo ine zvidimbu zvidiki, nekuti inongori 270 metres pakureba. Mukati maro, nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzinotsanangurwa, inonyanya kukosha kuve yekutandarira uye yePolychrome Kamuri. Vagari vayo vakapedza yakawanda yezuva padhuze nemusuwo sezvo yaive iyo yega nzvimbo yakavhenekerwa neSuva uye imomo vakaita hupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva vari mukati mebako, uko kwainogona kungowanikwa neyakajeka mwenje ndiko kunoonekwa mifananidzo. Sezvo chikamu chemukati chebako chakasviba chose, kuti vakwanise kupenda zvinofungidzirwa kuti vaishandisa marambi emwongo avakaita nemafuta akaburitswa mumabhonzo emhuka.
Kamuri rakakosha kupfuura ese rinodaidzwa kuti Polychrome Kamuri, uye bison ndiyo mhuka huru. Varume vekare vainyatsoziva mhuka dzavakapenda pamadziro emapako eAltamira, nekuti vaigara nekuvhima uye vakapedza nguva yakawanda vachifungisisa nezvazvo. Uye zvakare, ivo vaiziva hunyanzvi hwekuzviberekesa nehukuru chaihwo, senge kutora mukana wenzvimbo dzakabuda kubva padenga nemadziro kupenda pamusoro padzo uye kuzadzikiswa chaiko kuitika. Nechikonzero ichi yakagamuchira zita remadunhurirwa reSistine Chapel yedombo art.
Mufananidzo | Pepanhau reMontañés
Kuchengetedzwa kwemapako eAltamira
Pakutanga kwemakumi manomwe ezana ramakore rapfuura, vanhu vanopfuura 173.000 vakashanyira mubako reAltamira, iro rakachinja zvine njodzi mamiriro ezvakatiponesa akange arichengetedza munhoroondo yese. Nekuda kwekudzikira kwemifananidzo, zvakagadziriswa kuvhara mapako kwemakore mashoma kudzamara avhurwa kuruzhinji nezvimwe zvirambidzo.
Chiyero chakagara kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri nemasere, apo Neocave yakazopera, mufananidzo chaiwo webako reAltamira, maishandiswa nzira imwecheteyo yekupenda sevagari vekare.
Parizvino, vanhu vashanu chete ndivo vanokwanisa kupinda mumapako eAltamira nekudhirowa kamwe pasvondo, kwehafu yeawa uye vanogara vachiperekedzwa nemaviri magwara nechinangwa chekuvachengetedza zvakanyanya.