Pandaive mudiki paive neakakurumbira TV nhevedzano inonzi masada, mutambo wenhoroondo pamwe nenyeredzi dzenguva yakaita saPeter O'Toole, Peter Strauss naBarbara Carrera. Ndipo pandakatanga kunzwa zita rekuti Masada nenyaya yazvo. nhare mugwenga reJudhiya muIsrael.
Nhasi matongo, makuru uye achiri akakwirira, vanoumba iyo Masada National Park uye ndizvozvo Nhaka Yenyika, saka kana rimwe zuva ukaenda kunoshanyira Israeri haugone kuvasiya vari munzira yako.
masada
Matongo acho anosanganisira dzimba dzoushe nenhare dzakavakirwa pachikomo murenje reJudhiya, pedyo neGungwa Rakafa, muIsrael yanhasi. Nhepfenyuro yeterevhizheni iwe yawareva pamusoro apa inotitaurira nezvenguva dzekupedzisira muhondo pakati pevaJudha nevaRoma, inozivikanwa nenhoroondo seGreat Jewish Revolt. Vanhu vechiJuda vakatizira kumusoro uye maRoma akakomba nzvimbo iyi uye vakamukomba zvakaomarara kusvikira vasungwa vasarudza kuzviuraya pamwe chete.
Nekudaro Masada ndechimwe chinhu chakafananidzwa nerudzi rwechiJudha uye kutaura kwayo sevanhu. Kubva 1966 nzvimbo yese yave National Park, kubvira 1983 yanga iri chikamu cheJudean Desert Nature Reserve uye kubvira 2001 yanga iri World Heritage Saiti zvinoenderana neUNESCO.
Nzvimbo inomira Masada chikamu chechidiki tectonic massif, isina kukukurwa kukuru, isina kujairika muchimiro asi yakafanana chaizvo nepiramidhi isina poindi. Bani saka rinoyera mamita angangoita mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu pakureba ne645 upamhi, iine nzvimbo izere nemahekita mapfumbamwe. Kudivi rekumabvazuva kune mawere mazana mana emamirimita uye kune rimwe divi iwo akakomberedza zana remamita. Saka, iko kusvika kumusoro kunonetsa.
Kunyangwe zvisaririra zvemisha dzekare zvakawanikwa, sekutaura kwenhoroondo Flavio Josefo nhare yakavakwa namambo weHasmonean Alexander Janneo uye kuwanikwa kwemamwe mari uye stucco kubva panguva iyoyo zvaizoratidza kuti pfungwa iyi haina kushata. Asi iyo nhoroondo inotifadza yeMasada iri gare gare uye inoitika panguva yekukundwa kweJudhiya naPompey.
Mambo Herodhi, ane mukurumbira, anochengeterwa nhengo dzemhuri yake pano paaienda kuRome kunokumbira zvigadziridzo kudzora dunhu. Iyo nhare yakazomira kukomba kwakakomba nevaParthi, uye kunaya chete kunoshamisa kwakavaponesa kubva mukufa, sezvo vaive vapera mvura. Zvichakadaro, muRoma, Herodhi akawana rutsigiro rwaakatsvaga ndokudzoka sa Mambo weJudhiya uye zvishoma nezvishoma akakunda nharaunda yacho, pakupedzisira achikonzera Jerusarema.
Asi dzaive nguva dzekutambudzika: dzakatsigirwa naMarco Antonio Cleopatra VII akawedzera humambo hwake, saka Herodhi akasimbisa Masada achifunga kuti rimwe zuva aizoda imwe nzvimbo isingakundike. Makumi makumi manomwe mushure mekufa kwake, iyo yekutanga yechiJuda - Hondo yevaRoma sezvo tension yaive mu crescendo. Boka revaJudha vane hukasha rakashanda mukumukira, vamwe vakabatana uye saka pakupedzisira boka Copó Masada ichiuraya varwi veRoma ndakamira ipapo.
Mumakore akatevera nzvimbo iyi yaive gomo uye Masada yakaonekwa senzvimbo isingadzoreke zvakanyanya. Ipapo vaRoma vakatora danho panyaya iyi vakasarudza kuuraya vapoteri vechiJuda vaiveko yakapoteredza nemisasa yakawanda yemauto. Mutungamiriri akaronga zvese zvakadzama, achitarisa kupinda kuburikidza nekumadokero kwekusvikira. Mushure mekuyedza zvisina kubudirira kupaza madziro, akafunga kuvaka rampu iyo mushure memavhiki akati wandei kusvika 100 metres pakureba.
Pashure mwedzi minomwe yekukomba Iyo ramp yakapedzwa uye 30-metres refu iron-yakasimbiswa nhare yekukomba yakavakwa pamusoro. Kubva apa vaRoma vakapfura uye gondohwe raipa kumadziro rakashanda. Mushure mechinguva vaRoma vakaziva kuti maJuda vaive vavaka imwe yakaoma kuseri kwemadziro, saka vakanzura kurwisa ndokupisa chimiro ichocho.
MaJuda aive muMasada vaive mudambudziko vakasarudza kuzviuraya. varume vakauraya mhuri yake ndokubva vasarudza gumi kuti vaurayane. Uye zvichingodaro kusvika pakangosara murume mumwe chete, uyo nekugara ega akapisa nhare. Pakazopinda maRoma, vakawana guva.
Asi Masada yakawanikwa rini nevanochera matongo? Yakanga iri pakutanga kwa XIX remakore, muna 1838 zvakananga. Kubva ipapo nzvimbo iyi yave kunakidza uye zvese zvakacherwa nekumepwa. Kuchera kukuru kwekuchera matongo kwakaitika muma60.
Masada Tourism
Chii chinogoneka kuona muMasada? El Western complex Inosvikika kubva kuArad, nenzira 3199. Pano iwe uchaona iyo kuvakazve michina yeRoma kubva saiti kuenda Masada, iyo roman ramp kukwira uko kunosanganisira pakati pemaminitsi gumi nemashanu nemakumi maviri ekukwira, iyo matangi ekare ekuchamhembe akacherwa kubva mugomo uye, nemutengo, unogona kugara kunorara mutende. kune zvakare light and sound show husiku munhandare.
Pamupata wegomo pane matongo eNorth Palace, zvasara zveimba yaHerod yakavanzika ine nhurikidzwa nhatu ine uriri hwemosisi uye mifananidzo yakave yakavakwazve, matongo e sinagogi chete rakasara kubva panguva yeTemberi yeChipiri, imba yaive nemazita evose vakarova yakawanikwa, ruzhinji rwevaJudha avo vaive vakavharirwa muMasada panguva yekumukira, a chechi ye byzantine yakavakwa nemamonks monks zvakare ine mosaic pasi, iyo Muzinda wekumadokero, hombe uye zvakare kufambidzana kubva panguva yaHerodhi, iyo roman baths, makamuri emukuru mukuru ane murals uye zasi tangi, nzvimbo hombe pasi pegomo.
Kupinda kubva kuGungwa Rakafa, nzira 90, imwe inopinda kuburikidza nemusuwo wekumabvazuva uko kune chitoro chezvipo, chiteshi chekutanga chekubatsira, a restaurant uye cafe.
Zvakare heino iyo Masada Yigal Yadin Museum, yakavhurwa muna 2007, iyo inopa chiitiko chinorondedzera chezviitiko zvakakomberedza nhare, ichipa yakanaka kumashure kushanyo, iyo cableway iyo inokuendesa kumusuwo weNzira yeNyoka, yakaoma kwazvo, iyo inogona kuvharwa netsoka, inosanganisira awa kumusoro nehafu pasi.
Iko kushanya kunoshamisa chaizvo. Unogona bhuku mukova weMasada National Park pamhepo, kuburikidza newebhusaiti yepamutemo, kusarudza zuva.