ari zviyeuchidzo zvakakosha zveRoma zvakanyorwa munhoroondo refu yeguta reItaly. Kwete pasina chinodaidzwa "Guta Rekusingaperi". Kubva pakuvambwa kwayo kwengano ne Romulus naRemus, rave guta guru rehushe hune simba hweAntiquity, imwe yenzvimbo dzinoshamisa Kuberekwazve uye, kare mumazuva edu, nerve centre ye Italia.
Zvibereko zvemazana emakore akawanda enhau zviyeuchidzo zvaro zvinoshamisa. Unogona kuvawana vakavakwa munguva yechiLatin, chaiyo Renaissance kana Baroque uye zvakare yazvino. Asi ese ane madhinomineta akafanana e kunaka kwayo nokunaka kwayo. Kune rimwe divi, zvinogara zviri subjective kutaura pamusoro pezvakanakisa. Nekuti muenzi wega wega anenge aine zvaanoda. Nekudaro, isu tiri kuzokuratidza iwe, mumaonero edu, ndezvipi zvakakosha zviyeuchidzo muRoma.
The Colosseum uye Forum
Colosseum neForamu, maviri ezvivakwa zvakakosha muRoma
Tinotanga rwendo rwedu rwe Coliseum, chimwe chezviratidzo zvikuru zveguta, iro riri kumabvazuva kweguta Dare revaRoma. Yakavakwa muzana remakore rokutanga shure kwaKristu. Iyo yakakura amphitheatre (chaizvoizvo, inozivikanwawo se Flavian Amphitheatre) yaikwana vanhu vanopfuura zviuru makumi matanhatu vakapararira pamusoro pemitsara makumi masere yezvigadziko.
Kuti ndikupe pfungwa yehukuru hwayo, zviitiko zvekugadzwa kwayo zvakatora mazuva zana uye yakashanda kwemazana mashanu emakore. akanga ari mambo Domitian uyo akarayira kuti ivake kuti ive yakakura kwazvo muHumambo hwose. Yakatambira makwikwi akawanda e gladiatorial, asiwo mamwe mashoo akadai sekuvhima mhuka kana mitambo yetheater.
Asi zvichida zviitiko zvinonyanya kushamisa ndezve mauto ehondo ehondo zvakare. Kune idzi, jecha rakashandurwa kuita dziva guru rekugadzira. Iyi yaive ovha muchimiro uye yaive nekuzadza mvura kwakawanda uye madhiraini akatevera. Somugumisiro, ngarava dzehukuru hwehupenyu dzakatora chikamu muhondo idzi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Dare revaRoma ndiyo seti yezvisaririra zvakachengetedzwa kubva pakati pe Latin rome. Inoyambuka VSacred Way, iyo, chaizvoizvo, yakakurukura nzvimbo iyi neColosseum. Asi chinhu chinonyanya kufadza chaunogona kuona muForamu ndiyo seti yezvivakwa kubva panguva iyo inoratidza. Hazvaigona kukuudza pamusoro pavo vose pano. Asi isu tichakutaurira iwe semuenzaniso we temberi dzeRomulus, Saturn kana Vesta, all basilicas Emilia naJulia, the Arches yaTitus uye Septimius Severus kana the Julia Curia, iyo yakanga iri chigaro cheseneti.
Kune mamwe maforamu muguta. Tinofanirawo kukududza pakati pavo the Imperials, ayo ari aKesari, Agasto, Nerva naTrajan. Vakaita chiumbwa chiri pedyo nechakapfuura.
Basilica yeSanta Maria la Mayor
Basilica yeSanta Maria Maggiore, imwe yeavo vanoumba Pentarchy yeRoma
Akaziviswa Nhaka Yenyika, itemberi inokatyamadza inosanganisa zvinhu kubva panguva yeChikristu Chekutanga nemamwe maRomanesque, Gothic, Renaissance uye Baroque. Nekuti kuvakwa kwayo kwekutanga kwakadzokera kuzana ramakore rechi XNUMX renguva yedu uye, gare gare, mawedzero nekuvandudzwa kwakaitwa.
Asi, kana kunze kwayo kuchishamisa, iwe unotonyanya kushamiswa nezvose izvo mukati maro zvinokupa iwe. Imwe yezvinonyanya kukwezva ndeye seti ye mosaic pamusoro pehupenyu hweMhandara Maria iyo zuva kubva panguva dzekutanga dzechechi, ndiko kuti, kubva muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Kubva panguva imwe chete ndiyo Grotto of the Nativity o Crypt yeBhetrehema, iri pasi petemberi uye ine zvisaririra zvevanhu vanokosha munhoroondo yechechi.
Zvinoshamisawo Sistine Chapel (kwete kuvhiringidzwa naMichelangelo's) uye iye Pauline. Chekutanga ibasa re Domenico Fontana uye rakafukidzwa namabwe machena. Kana iri yechipiri, basa re Flaminio Ponzi, ndeyeBaroque uye inosanganisira makuva evanapapa Clement VIII y Paul V. Saizvozvo, zvimwe zvishongo zvaunogona kuona muSanta María la Mayor zvivezwa Mutsvene Cajetan akabata Mwana, ivo Bernini, nevaya veatari, ve Pietro Bracci; Zviyeuchidzo zvemariro emapapa Clement IX y Nicholas IV, zvakakodzera, zvichiteerana, ku Carlos Rainaldi, Domenico Guidi uye zvakatotaurwa Domenico Fontana uye mafrescoes musacristy, basa re passignano y Giuseppe Apulia.
Asi Santa María la Mayor haisiriyo yega basilica yaunofanirwa kushanyira muGuta Rekusingaperi. Zvakare chikamu chezvakanyanya kukosha zviyeuchidzo muRoma ndeizvo zvinoumba iyo Pentarchy pedyo naye. Tinotaura pamusoro pezvinoshamisa Basilica yeSaint John Lateran, yaionekwa secathedral uyewo seWorld Heritage Site; izvo zve Saint Lawrence Kunze kweMasvingo, iyo kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muzana remakore reV; hukuru hwe Musande Peter weVatican and the Basilica yeSaint Paul Kunze kweMasvingo, inovawo yevaPapa.
Tsime reTrevi, pamwe rinonyanya kufarirwa pakati pezvivakwa zvakakosha muRoma
Iyo inoshamisa Tsime reTrevi
Tiri kuzotaura newe zvino pamusoro pevakakurumbira Trevi Tsime zvese nekuti ndiyo imwe yezvivakwa zvakakosha muRoma uye nekuti ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa. Vanenge vese vashanyi vanopfuura nemuguta reItaly vanouya kuzorishanyira flip a coin mumvura kuita chido.
Iyo yakanaka baroque kuvakwa kubva muzana ramakore reXNUMX nekuda kwemugadziri Nicola Salvi, uyo akatora makore makumi matatu kuti apedzise. Tora sekumashure kwe Poly Palace, iyo inopa facade itsva. pindura kufona giant order, dhizaini yekuvaka inoratidzirwa nehukuru hwayo (semuenzaniso, makoramu echitubu ane maviri pasi). Pakati, inopa arch yekukunda inovhura mune niche ine makoramu. Zvimiro zvedimikira zvakaita seKuwanda kana Hutano uye ngoro inotungamirwa nematritons ekupingudza mabhiza egungwa anopedzisa iyo iconography.
Kune rumwe rutivi, sezvamunoziva, Trevi haisi yega tsime rinokosha muRoma. Isu tinokupawo zano kuti uone chikepe, basa re Bernini, muPlaza de España; the raMozisi, muPlaza de San Bernardo; izvo zve nzizi ina, iyo inofanirwawo naBernini uye iri mu Piazza Navona, kana maviri eFarnese square, vane madziva anobva ku Mabhati eCaracalla.
Castel Sant'Angelo
Bridge uye Castel Sant'Angelo
Iri kubhangi rekurudyi re Tiber, iri pedyo ne Vatican. Inotaurirana nayo kuburikidza Borgo Pass and the elio bridge, yakavakwa muzana remakore rokutanga pashure paKristu. Kunguva imwecheteyo ndeye castle, inozivikanwawo se Mausoleum aHadrian kuti pave nedzimba dzakasara dzamambo uyu. Nekudaro, yakashandawo senzvimbo yekuvigwa yevamwe vatungamiriri veRoma vakaita sa Marcus Aurelius, Inonyaradza o Septimius Severus.
Iyo Castel Sant'Angelo yakagadziridzwa akati wandei mu Ages and the Kuberekwazve. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nhasi iwe unogona kuona chivakwa chine skweya chirongwa chinoumba cubic basement. Pamusoro peizvi, pane chigubhu chihombe uye pamusoro pacho chimwe chivakwa chine quadrangular. Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvose zvinopfekedzwa korona nemufananidzo wengirozi.
Zvisinei, pakutanga zvaitonyanya kushamisa. Pamusoro pedhiramu pakanga pane murwi wevhu waiva nemiti nemifananidzo yendarira. Uye, pamusoro pechigaro chendarama, pakanga pane ngoro yendarira yakanga yakarongwa nomufananidzo wayo Adriano. Sokunge zvese izvi zvainge zvisina kukwana, cubic floor yese yakafukidzwa neCarrara marble uye nzira yekupinda nayo yaive yakagadzirwa nemarble. Mukuwedzera, mune izvi pakanga pane arch yekupinda.
Kune rumwe rutivi, nhare haisi yega guva rine mukurumbira muguta guru reItaly. Iwe unofanirwawo kushanyira pakati pezvakanyanya kukosha zviyeuchidzo zveRoma Pantheon yaAgripa. Icho chivakwa chakakura chedenderedzwa pamusoro pedome yakashandiswa sechechi kubva muzana remakore rechinomwe, iyo yakabatsira kuchengetedza kwayo kwakanaka. Nekudaro, musuwo i portico ine makoramu makuru eKorinde uye frieze inopa mukana kune rotunda.
Piazza del Popolo
Piazza del Popolo, ine obelisk uye "mapatya" machechi
Isu tinopedzisa rwendo rwedu rwezvakanyanya kukosha zvivakwa muRome nekukuudza nezve Piazza del Popolo. Kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvinoshamisa muguta rakadai the Navona, izvo zvatatotaura mukupfuura, kana kuti Spain Chikamuuyewo ane mukurumbira zvikuru.
Asi isu takasarudza Popolo nekuti yagara ichinzi ndiyo mukova weRoma. Yakagamuchira zita iri nekuti kwairi kwakabva the VFlaminia, iyo yakabatanidza guta rechiLatin neEurope yose. Inzvimbo yakakura yedenderedzwa pakati payo ihombe obelisk. Uyewo, mumakona mana eizvi mune shumba dzakawanda dzinobuda mumuromo madzo mvura inowira mudziva. Aya masosi anokonzerwa ne Giuseppe Valadier uyo akafuridzirwa nevakuru Giacomo Della Porta.
Asi chiratidzo chikuru chechikwere ndicho Basilica yeSanta Maria del Popolo, yakavakwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX paguva reDomizi, maakavigwa Nero. Nekudaro, iyo yakavakwazve muXV ichitevera Renaissance maitiro. Asi kutaridzika kwayo ikozvino kunokonzerwa Gianlorenzo Bernini, uyo akarivandudza mazana maviri emakore gare gare achipa chinhu chisingakanganisi baroque kutarisa. Asi, kana akanaka kunze, achine matombo anokosha akawanda mukati. Inogara mapendi maviri caravaggio, zvivezwa naBernini pachake uye zvakaisvonaka nhengo.
Zvakare, muchivara mune mamwe makereke maviri. Ndivo "mapatya" e Santa Maria muMontesanto and of Maria Mutsvene weChishamiso. Ivo zvakare vari baroque uye Bernini vakapindawo mukuvaka kwavo. Zvisinei, muzviitiko izvi musiki aiva Carlos Rainaldi.
Mukupedzisa, takuratidza imwe ye zviyeuchidzo zvakakosha zveRoma. Asi kune akawanda zvekuti, chokwadi, takasiya vazhinji vari mupombi. Semuyenzaniso, catacombs yeguta, the Basilica yeSan Clemente kana the Campidoglio square. Zvakare, hatina kukurukura nezve zvinoshamisa zve Vatican nokuti, kutaura zvazviri, havasi veGuta Rekusingaperi, asi veimwe nyika. Chero zvazvingava, haufungi here kuti Roma yakazara nerunako?