Izazinzulu kwihlabathi liphela ziqikelele ukuba ngonyaka wama-2100 amanqanaba olwandle anganyuka kwaye abeke emngciphekweni izikhumbuzo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo ezikhuselweyo kunxweme olujikeleze umhlaba ukuya kwinqanaba lokuntywila.
Ngale ndlela, nayiphi na idolophu eselunxwemeni enelifa eliyimbali elwandle kufuneka ilungiselele ukuyikhusela kuba izaqhwithi kunye nokunyuka kwamanqanaba amanzi kuyingozi enkulu.
Zeziphi iindawo ezi-5 zabakhenkethi ezinokuchaphazeleka kukutshintsha kwemozulu?
Venice
EVenice amanzi ayenyuka kwaye umhlaba uyavuleka, ngenxa yoko eyona miqondiso mibi iza kufikela esi sixeko sihle sase-Itali. Kwaye bayenza ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekulindelwe. Ilifa elingaqhelekanga lobugcisa obudibanisa ubuNtshatsheli, ubuGoth, iByzantine kunye nobugcisa beBaroque bunokuntywiliselwa ukuba ulwandle, olukhula phakathi kweemilimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ngonyaka, alunqandwa.
Kubekho iinzame ezininzi zokuqulatha iziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu kodwa, okwangoku, iziphumo azonelisi. Olunye uqikelelo, olungenathemba, lumkisa ukuba iVenice isemngciphekweni wokuntywiliselwa kwiminyaka engama-60 ezayo, njengoko ingxelo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ekhutshwe ngumbutho wezendalo wezizwe ngezizwe iGreenpeace.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kunjani, yonke into ibonakala ibonisa ukuba ngenye imini isixeko semijelo, ii-gondola kunye nothando ziya kugutyungelwa ngamanzi. Ndiyathemba ukuba lo mzuzu ukude kodwa sele uzibona iziphumo ze-acqua alta ePlaza de San Marcos. Isandulela sento enokwenzeka kuso sonke isixeko kwinkulungwane okanye ngaphantsi.
Umzekelo wenkululeko
Ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuma okukhulu kumi iSitampu soKhuseleko emlonyeni we-Hudson River eNew York, kwisiqithi saseLiberty ngasezantsi kweManhattan Island.
Sesinye sezona zikhumbuzo zibalulekileyo zedolophu yaseMelika kunye nomqondiso welizwe, owawusisipho esivela eFrance ngo-1876 kumsitho wenkulungwane yokuzimela kwayo.
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, umsebenzi womkroli uFrédèric Bartholdi esebenzisana nenjineli uGustave Eiffel, wamkela izigidi zabakhenkethi eNew York kodwa kwixesha elizayo akunakuba njalo ukuba inqanaba lolwandle liyaqhubeka nokunyuka.
INkanyamba uSandy yabangela izikhukula ezingama-75% e-Liberty Island ngo-Okthobha ka-2012. Ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso nakwizixhobo zesi siqithi.
Stonehenge
Esinye sezona zikhumbuzo zibalaseleyo e-UK sisakhiwo esincinci se-Stonehenge, esabuyela kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX BC. I-relic evela kwi-Stone Age eye yema kuvavanyo lwexesha kodwa isenokungaluvavanyi utshintsho lwemozulu. Kutshanje i-UNESCO ilumkise urhulumente wase-Great Britain malunga namathuba aphezulu okuba i-Stonehenge inyamalale kwixesha elifutshane.
Ngokophando, ukwanda kweemvula ezinkulu kule ndawo kunye nokufika kweemolesi ezibalekela kwimihlaba eyomileyo ngenxa yokukhukuliseka konxweme kungakhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwale ndawo ibalulekileyo ebekwe malunga nemizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu kumantla eSalisbury.
Esi sikhumbuzo simegalithic esenziwe ngeebhloko ezininzi zamatye sasiyinxalenye yesakhiwo esikhulu, esasibandakanya izangqa zamatye kunye neendlela zomnyhadala. Ayaziwa ukuba yeyiphi injongo eyakhiwe ngu-Stonehenge kodwa kukholelwa ukuba yayisetyenziswa njengesikhumbuzo somngcwabo, itempile yenkolo okanye i-astronomical observation ukuqikelela amaxesha. I-Stonehenge, i-Avebury kunye neendawo ezinxulumene noko zabhengezwa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO ngo-1986.
Umfanekiso weqela lemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kwi-Easter Island
Isiqithi se-Easter
Isiqithi i-Easter Island yenye yeendawo eziphambili zabakhenkethi eChile. Ifumaneka embindini woLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kanye ePolynesia, yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zabakhenkethi kwilizwe laseLatin America kwinkcubeko engaqondakaliyo yohlanga lwaseRapanui, ubuhle beendawo ezihlala kuzo kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo enkulu eyaziwa ngokuba yi-moai.
Ukugcina ubuncwane bayo, urhulumente wase-Chile ulawula i-Rapa Nui National Park nge-Conaf, ngelixa i-UNESCO yabhengeza le paki njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli kwi-1995.
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke imizamo, utshintsho lwemozulu lubeka nolondolozo lwe-Easter Island emngciphekweni. Ukususela ngo-1990, ukhukuliseko lwamanxweme luye lwanda, lusoyikisa imifanekiso eqingqiweyo eyaziwayo ngaphezu kwewaka leminyaka ubudala. Ukongeza, ubushushu behlabathi bungenza ipaki inyamalale.
ICagagena de Indias
Ifumaneka emantla eColombia, iCagagena de Indias sesinye sezona zixeko zintle kweli lizwe. Yasekwa nguPedro de Heredia kwi-1533 kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha lobukoloniyali izibuko layo lelinye lezona zibalulekileyo eMelika, ezazibonakaliswa kwilifa lobugcisa kunye nenkcubeko yesixeko.
Kodwa njengezinye iidolophu okanye izikhumbuzo zangaphambili, iCagagena de Indias ikwanomngcipheko wokuntywiliselwa ngenxa yokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle. Izifundo ezininzi ziqinisekisa ukuba nge-2040 indawo zabakhenkethi besixeko kunye nezibuko kunye neendawo zeshishini ziya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yimvula kunye nezikhukula ngenxa yokufudumala komhlaba. Ukuzama ukulwa nalo, urhulumente waseColombia usungule iiprojekthi ezininzi.