Kukho iindawo ekufuneka uzibone ubuncinci kanye ebomini bakho, kwaye IRoma Coliseum Ngomnye wabo. Umsebenzi wokwakha omi malunga namawaka amabini eminyaka kwaye ugcina imbali ebanzi nenomdla, eboniswe kwiifilimu ezininzi kunye namaxwebhu, ke ayizukuba ngumphambukeli. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo zininzi izinto obungazi ngazo ngeli litye lesikhumbuzo lase-Italiya.
Le Kolosseum, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi I-Amphitheatre yeFlavian, ulwakhiwo lwaqala ngo-70 AD. C. phantsi kwegunya leVespasiano, laliphi ichibi laseNerón. Zininzi iingqikelelo malunga nesizathu sokwakhiwa kwayo, kwaye kucingelwa ukuba inokuba ngumsebenzi woloyiso emva koloyiso lwamaRoma, kodwa ikwafunwa ukuba ibuyele eRoma indawo eyayisetyenziswe nguNero buqu ukuyila indawo yokuhlala, i-Domus Aurea. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngeColosseum yaseRoma?
Imbali kunye nezinto ezibonisa umdla
Ukunyaniseka kwimbali yonke yeColosseum kungasithatha iiyure, nangona ngokuqinisekileyo kuyinto enomdla kakhulu. Ulwakhiwo lwawo luqala ngee-70s kunye nee-72s d. C. kunye negama langoku livela ku Colossus kaNeroUmfanekiso owawukufuphi kwaye nanamhlanje awugcinwanga. Yayakhiwe kakhulu kwi-Domus Aurea, izalisa iLake Nero ngesanti. Yagqitywa phantsi kwegunya lika-Emperor Titus, ngonyaka ka-80 AD Zininzi izinto ezibangela umdla malunga neColosseum, ke ngoko sizakuzama ukufumanisa ezinye zazo.
Kule Kolosseum bekukho abantu abali-12.000 abanemiqolo engama-80 yezitandi. Ukubaluleka kwababukeli kwakusuka ezantsi kuye phezulu, eyona ityebileyo kwaye inamandla eRoma isezantsi, njengo-Emperor, iisenethi, oomantyi okanye abefundisi. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu yayingamaRoma ahlwempuzekileyo, ekwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu kunentlalo. Ngaphakathi kuyo kwenziwa imiboniso emininzi, oyena mntu waziwa kakhulu imilo yeGladiator. Kwakukho nemilo nezilwanyana, ukubulawa koluntu, ukwenziwa kwakhona kwamadabi, imidlalo evela kwiintsomi zamandulo okanye i-naumaquias, eyimikhosi yaselwandle. Kukholelwa ukuba ekuqalekeni kwayo indawo esezantsi yagcwaliswa ngamanzi ukwenza la madabi.
Le ndawo yeColosseum yavulwa ngo-80 AD. C., kwaye yayiyeyona nkundla yemidlalo inkulu, kubhiyozelwa iintsuku ezili-100. Imidlalo yokugqibela kuyo yayiza kubanjwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngaphaya komhla apho uBukhosi baseRoma buthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba buphelile. Emva kwexesha, esi sakhiwo sasisebenzisa izinto ezininzi, kuba yayisisiphephelo, umzi-mveliso kunye nenkwali. Ekugqibeleni yasetyenziswa njengendawo engcwele yamaKristu, ke ikwazile ukuzisindisa unanamhla, kuba uninzi lwamatye ayo lwalusetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo ezitsha esixekweni. Okwangoku ibuyiselwe kwezinye iindawo kwaye umgangatho weplanga owawuyisanti awugcinwanga, ngoko ke icandelo elisezantsi liyabonakala, kodwa ngomnye wemisebenzi emikhulu yobu bukhosi buphelileyo.
Ubume beColosseum
Ubume bale amphitheatre yayiyinto entsha ngokupheleleyo, kuba yayiyeyona inkulu eyakha yakhiwa. Ngaphakathi babekhona isanti kunye ne hypogeum. Ibala lemidlalo libala lokudlala, i-oval eneqonga leplanga elaligqunywe ngesanti, apho kwakubanjelwa khona imiboniso. Indawo ye-hypogeum ngumhlaba ongaphantsi onamatonela kunye nemingxunya apho abagadi begilasi, abagwetywayo kunye nezilwanyana babehlaliswe bade baphumela ebaleni. Lommandla wawunenkqubo enkulu yokuhambisa amanzi ukukhupha amanzi, kwakucingelwa ukuba emva kwemiboniso yaselwandle yeNaumaquia. Indawo ye-Cávea yile yeestendi, kunye neqonga, apho abalinganiswa ababalaseleyo babekwa khona.
Elinye icandelo elothusayo nanamhlanje zibizwa ngokuba zii-vomitories, zokuphuma apho iipaseji zafikelelwa khona ukuphuma kwiColosseum. Bavumela inani elikhulu labantu ukuba lihambe ngexeshana elifutshane, ukuze abantu abamalunga nama-50.000 XNUMX bakwazi ukukhutshwa ngemizuzu emihlanu. Amabala emidlalo amaninzi namhlanje akakwazanga ukuthelekisa le misebenzi kunye nokusebenza kwawo okuhle.
Kwindawo engaphandle sifumana i-facade kwimigangatho emine ngaphezulu, kunye neekholamu kunye neengqameko, kunye nommandla ophezulu ovaliweyo. Oku kunika i-amphitheatre ukujonga okukhanyayo. Kwinqanaba ngalinye ungabona isitayile esahlukileyo, into eyayiqhelekile kwizakhiwo ezininzi zexesha. Basebenzisa izitayile zaseTuscan, zeIonic nezaseKorinte, kwaye kwelona liphezulu babiza ikhompawundi.
Ukuvuka Yenye into engasagcinwanga, kwaye sisigqubuthelo selaphu esasithunyelwe ukukhusela uluntu elangeni. Iipali ezenziwe ngomthi nangamalaphu zazisetyenziswa, ekuqaleni zazenziwe ngeiseyile, ze kamva zenziwe ngelinen, eyayikhaphukhaphu kakhulu. Kwakukho iimasti ezingama-250 ezazinokusetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo ukugubungela iindawo ezithile kuphela xa kukho imfuneko.
IColosseum namhlanje
Namhlanje, iColosseum yaseRoma yenye yezona ndawo zinomtsalane kubakhenkethi kwisixeko sase-Itali. Ngo-1980 yabhengezwa njenge-UNESCO njengeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi, kwaye ngoJulayi 2007 yathathelwa ingqalelo njengeyenye Iimpawu ezisixhenxe ezintsha zeLizwe langoku.
Okwangoku lo mtsalane ubhatelwe, kwaye ukuze ubenokubona kungcono ukuba yinto yokuqala kusasa ukuze ufumane itikiti ngokukhawuleza. Ivula ngo-8.30: 12 yonke imihla kwaye amatikiti abantu abadala abiza ii-euro ezingama-XNUMX. Enye indlela yokufumana itikiti kukusebenzisa iPasi yaseRoma, ikhadi lokufumana izaphulelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinomtsalane kunye namatye ezikhumbuzo esixekweni, kuthintela nokuba kulayini.
Ngaphakathi kwiColosseum ungathatha ukhenketho olukhokelwayo, kwaye kumgangatho ophezulu kukho imyuziyam enikezelwe kuthixo wamaGrike u-Eros. Esinye seziganeko ezinxulumene neColosseum ngumngcelele wePapa's Way of the Cross ngolwesiHlanu oLungileyo minyaka le.