Indawo oya kuyo: I-United Arab Emirates

Ukusuka ixesha ukuya kule nxalenye kwi EMbindi Mpuma Kuvele amandla obutyebi obuninzi buvela kwigolide yethu engamanzi, eyenza umhlaba ujikeleze okomzuzwana: ioyile. Ndiyathetha IUnited Arab Emirates.

yakhe ezisixhenxe emirates abo benza eli lizwe lizimeleyo kwaye namhlanje siza kukhumbula kancinane ibali lakhe, ukusuka entlango ukuya kubutyebi, kwaye amathuba okhenketho abasinika zona namhlanje. Uhambo olusingise peninsula yaseArabia, elalikade lingumhlaba weendunduma nezizwe, namhlanje lilizwe lezakhiwo ezide kunye nemali.

E-United Arab Emirates

Zisixhenxe iiemirates ezenza eli lizwe: Dubai, Sarja, Umm al-Qaywayn, Fujairah, Ajman, Abu Dhabi kunye neRas al-Khaimah. Njengase-Afrika, amagunya aseYurophu anokuchaphazela kakhulu ukwenziwa kobume bendawo. Abahloli bamazwe basePortugal bafika apha ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, befuna kwaye bevula iindlela eziya eAsia. Kamva, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX, yayingama-Bhritane awenza i-Persian Gulf yaba liziko elibalulekileyo kwiindlela zawo zorhwebo.

Kwelinye icala abantu baseYurophu, bezimisele ukuvula urhwebo, kwelinye icala imikhosi yama-Arabs ejongene nemida eyahlukeneyo kuba ukongeza kumaYurophu ayekwindawo yoBukhosi base-Ottoman kunye ne-Persian Empire kwaye kutheni kungenjalo, abaphangi. Sele siyazi loo nto iBritane Benza kakuhle kakhulu kulawulo lwehlabathi, ke ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX bamisela khusela kummandla wangoku weemirates.

Ngokutyikitya izivumelwano neenkosi zengingqi, Isivumelwano ngokubanzi soLwandle ngo-1820 eyathi ama-Arabhu azakuthatha uxanduva lwabaphangi. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kamva I-Truce engapheliyo yoLwandle eyavumela iinqanawa zaseBritane ukuba zihambe elunxwemeni. Emva koko amaBritane asuka esihlahleni aya engqinibeni kwaye aphumelela ngo-1892 Isivumelwano esisodwa apho iArabhu yayingenakuba nobudlelwane namanye amagunya kwaye i-United Kingdom yabanika indawo yokhuselo kunye nokukhetha urhwebo njengembuyekezo.

Sithetha ngezindlu zama-Arabhu ngelo xesha ezazingeva nokuva ngomgodi wegolide ababefudukela kuwo. Ke badlise nje, balambisa kwaye baqokelela iiperile. Kwakusemva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini apho Iindawo zokuqala zeoyile kunye negesi. I-boom yayiqala nje. Imfazwe yaphela kwaye ubukhosi base-Bhritane babekwa kude ke amazwe aqala ukuxoxa ngenkululeko yawo.

I-UK yarhoxa ngo-1968 kwaye ii-emirates zihlanganisene ukubona ukuba baqhubeka njani. I-Dubai kunye ne-Abu Dhabi zidibene kwaye zamema abakhuseli be-Bahrain ne-Qatar. Ukungavisisani okwalandelayo emva kokuba loluphi usapho lwama-Arab oluya kuphatha kubangele bohlukana, kodwa ngo-1971 i-United Arab Emirates yazalwa, umanyano olutsha lwamalungu amathandathu. URas al Khaima wayengekho ngeli xesha kuba wayenombambano othile wommandla kunye ne-emirate yaseSarja, kodwa yajoyina unyaka kamva.

YayinguSheikh wase-Abu Dhabi, uZared bin Sultan al Nahayan, owayebambe ubongameli ukusuka ngo-1971 de wasweleka ngo-2004. akukho lula. Isandla ne-petrodollars, i-United Arab Emirates yangena inkqubo yokuphucula ngokukhawuleza kwii-90s kwaye ke abalusi, abaphangi, kunye nabalobi beeperile baba zizityebi kwaye baba nefuthe kubadlali be-geopolitiki.

I-United Arab Emirates namhlanje

Njengakwimanyano yaseYurophu ayizizo zonke ii-emirates ezifanayo. Kukho umahluko kwezoqoqosho kuba amasimi eoyile akahanjiswa ngokulinganayo. Umzekelo, i-Abu Dhabi igxile phantse kwi-90% kunye ne-Dubai 5% yazo. Kwakhona, la mazwe mabini aneenqwelomoya zawo ngenxa yoko aneendlela ezibalulekileyo zorhwebo. Bobabini bamele i-83% ye-GDP, ke ii-emirates ezintlanu ezincinci zixhomekeke kubo ngerhafu yomdibaniso.

Kodwa ngaba kwakulula ukuzisa ii-emirates ezisixhenxe phantsi kwelizwe elinye? Hayi okuninzi. Umgaqo-siseko watyikitywa ngo-1971 kwaye wabanjwa de kwangowe-1996, nangona yayingeyonjongo leyo kwasekuqaleni. Apha kuchaziwe ukuba ikomkhulu lelo Abu Dhabi kwaye ngokwandisa ngu-emir wakhe okhokela urhulumente. Emva kwexesha, umgaqo-siseko uthetha ngokudityaniswa kweenkqubo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kurhulumente: irhafu, imali, ezemfundo, ezempilo ... Ukongeza kwinkqubo yezomthetho efanayo kunye nomkhosi oxhobileyo.

Namhlanje, yiRas al Khaima kunye neDubai kuphela eneenkundla zabo kwaye ziye zasekwa umkhosi oxhobileyo Ziphakathi kwezona zinamandla kule ndawo. Yonke into ilawulwa liBhunga eliPhezulu laseFederal edibana kane ngonyaka. Zonke ii-emir ziya kweli bhunga kwaye abaphathiswa bayonyulwa okanye abo baqinisekisiweyo, izikhundla ziyabiwa, kuxoxwa ngemithetho nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Umongameli wonyula isigqeba sakhe, kodwa uhlala ejonga zonke ii-emirates.

Ngaba lukhona unyulo e-United Arab Emirates? Zimbalwa Urhulumente uneengcebiso zomthetho ze-Federal National Council, enamalungu angama-40, asuka kwii-emirates ezisixhenxe, ezonyulwe ngokuyinxenye kunyulo. Kuphela ngaphezulu nje kwama-300 amawaka abantu banokuvota kwaye banyulwa yiKomiti yoNyulo kaZwelonke eqwalasela isini, ubudala, uqeqesho kunye nendawo yokuhlala.

Umzekelo, kunyulo luka-2006, olokuqala, yayingamawaka amathandathu kuphela abasetyhini kunye nabesilisa abathathe inxaxheba. Namhlanje inani libanzi kwaye ngo-6 baye baba ngamawaka angama-2011 nama-130 amawaka ngo-300.  Kwaye abafazi? Ewe, bambalwa kakhulu abavoti kwaye kunyulo lonyaka ophelileyo babemalunga ne-180 abaza kunyulwa kwisikhundla esithile, nangona basixhenxe kuphela abakwaziyo ukwenza njalo. Ngokufanelekileyo, Kukho abafazi abasixhenxe kwi-Federal National Council.

Inyaniso yileyo sharia, Umthetho wamaSilamsi, uyintoni ulawulo kunye neemeko ubomi bezentlalo nezopolitiko zelizwe. Nangona i-emirate nganye inenqanaba layo lokuzimela, akukho nto inokuphikisana norhulumente womanyano, ophethwe yi-Islam. Kukho inkululeko yenkolo, kodwa inye kuphela enokuzibonakalisa esidlangalaleni ngamaSilamsi.

Nabani na okhe wabona uxwebhu malunga ne-United Arab Emirates okanye elinye lamazwe ayo uyazi ukuba zimbini izinto eziyinyani: ezesityebi nezabahlwempuzekileyo. Ezi zokugqibela zingaphezulu kwayo nantoni na abasebenzi bamanye amazwe abazinikele kwishishini lokwakha. AmaIndiya, amaPakistan, abantu base Bangladeshi ababona ubutyebi babanye kumgama omfutshane. Oku kunjalo ngakumbi e-Abu Dani, eSarja okanye eDubai, awona maziko aphambili edolophini anenani elikhulu labemi.

Los emiratis bamele i-11% yabemi bendawo, isigidi esinye sabantu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-34% yabo ingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-25 kwaye bonwabela uncedo olukhulu kurhulumente. Kukho nabanye abasebenzi bamanye amazwe, kunye nemisebenzi abanezakhono, abafumana imali elungileyo. Kakhulu kwicandelo lezamandla.

Ekugqibeleni, Buyintoni ubudlelwane be-Emirates kunye nehlabathi liphela? Kufuneka kuthiwe lilizwe lesithathu lama-Arabhu ukubanalo ubudlelwane bezopolitiko no-Israel, kwaye ayincinci. Ukusuka koku unesinye isikhundla kwimpikiswano yasePalestine kwaye uyayichasa i-Iran. Ngapha koko, unempikiswano neIran malunga nezinye iziqithi i-UAE ezibanga yona kwiStrait of Omuz kwaye uyayityhola nangokukhuthaza inkcaso yangaphakathi ngokucaphukisa igcuntswana lamaShiite.

yakhe I-Dubai kunye ne-Abu Dhabi ababambe umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle, umfelandawonye wezoqoqosho, wezezimali nowezopolitiko. Masingakulibali ukuba yi Umanyano wembali waseMelika, ukusukela oko yazimela, kwaye apha kukho amajoni aseMelika athunyelwe. Iingxaki zayo ngeIran ziye zazisa i-UAE kufutshane neSaudi Arabia, ilizwe elifuna ukulandela ekhondweni lempumelelo yoqoqosho lwommelwane walo.

I-United Arab Emirates kunye nokhenketho

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ilizwe lilayishe i-inki kukhenketho, ukuzama ukuthatha ithuba lalo Imozulu efudumeleyo, iziqithi zayo ezenziweyo kunye nobukhazikhazi bezixeko zayos yavela entlango. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo abantu baya kuqala dubai, indawo apho kubonakala ngathi iingeniso zokhenketho sele zigqithile kunezo zeoyile.

Apha abakhenkethi banamava obomi entlango, nge iihambo ezikwi4 × 4 jeeps, ubusuku baseArabhiya phakathi kweendunduma kunye nokukhwela kweenkamelao, okanye uye ezivenkileni okanye uphume kwimivalo kwindawo yasebusuku exakekileyo.

Namhlanje, zii-emirates zeRas al Khaima kunye ne-Umm al Quwain ezifuna ukuphuhlisa uqoqosho lwazo zihamba kunye nezokhenketho. Okwangoku, iFujairah ifuna ukwenza izibuko layo libe liziko lezorhwebo lwaselwandle, iSarja likomkhulu lenkcubeko kunye nemfundo, kunye neAjman yindawo yokuhambisa kunye neyamashishini.

Into eseleyo ukubonwa kukuba yakuphela ioyile, njengoko beza kuhlala kunjalo, la mazwe aya kuphila.


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