IMexico lilizwe elinenkcubeko kunye nezithethe ezindala. Omnye weyona mimandla intle kakhulu I-Chiapas, emzantsi-ntshona wesizwe. Inesiqingatha sabemi bayo basemaphandleni kwaye ingumvelisi ophambili wesizwe wekofu kunye neebhanana. Ii-Olmecs, iiMeya kunye neenkcubeko zeChiapas bezilapha, ke inkcubeko yabo iyamangalisa.
Kwaye njengoko sihlala sisitsho, isinxibo esiqhelekileyo sisixelela ngokuchanekileyo malunga nenkcubeko, imbali yayo, amasiko, izithethe, imidaniso, iilwimi ... Namhlanje ke, eActualidad Viajas, Isinxibo esiqhelekileyo seChiapas.
Chiapas
Lelinye lamazwe enza iMexico kunye ikomkhulu lalo sisixeko saseTuxla Gutierrez. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali wayeyinxalenye yeCaptaincy General yaseGuatemala kwaye wagcina ubudlelwane kunye naloo mmandla de kwangowe-1824.
Akazange abenobomi obuzolileyo. Ngenxa yokungahoywa kwezoqoqosho kunye nokungahoywa kukarhulumente ophakathi, a Uvukelo kwi-90s yekhulu lama-XNUMX, kwisandla se Umkhosi weZapatista weNkululeko yeSizwe. Ngelishwa, imiba esisiseko evelise ungquzulwano ngelo xesha isekude isonjululwe, nanamhlanje.
KwiChiapas yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zezinto zakudala eMexico, I-Palenque, iLifa leMveli loLuntu. Iintaba nazo zininzi kwaye ke, zinkulu iyantlukwano yebhayoloji neyemozulu edaya imbonakalo yomhlaba wayo kweyona mibala mihle. Ewe, loo mibala ibonakala ngathi ibonisa kakuhle iimpahla zakhe eziqhelekileyo.
I-Chiapas yesinxibo esiqhelekileyo
Njengoko ihlala isenzeka xa ingingqi indala kwaye isityebi ngokwenkcubeko akukho ndleko zodwa kodwa zininzi, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukubona eyona idumileyo neyaziwayo: Chiapa de Corzo yaziwa ngegama lika «Chiapaneca». IChiapa de Corzo sisixeko esincinci, esasekwa yiSpanish ngo-1528 kwiindawo zokuhlala zangaphambi kweSpanishi. Kukunxweme lweRio Grande de Chiapa, kwiikhilomitha ezili-15 ukusuka kwikomkhulu likarhulumente.
Apha amaqela amaninzi ayenzeka unyaka wonke nangona eyokuqala kuzo zonke iqala ngonyaka njengoko isenzeka ngoJanuwari ngento ekuthiwa yimbonakalo enkulu. Emva koko kuza iSan Miguel Fair, iSan Sebastián, iNtombikazi yaseGuadalupe, iSanto Domingo, uMnyhadala weMarimba, iTopada de la Flor, iNkosi yaseKalvari, umhla weCorpus Christi ...
Umfazi waseChiapas unxiba ngovuyo: unxiba isiketi esikhululwe kakhulu esifikelela emaqatheni kunye neblawuzi efanelekileyo ephawula amabele akhe. Zombini iziqwenga zenziwe nge-satin emnyama, ilaphu elinentshukumo kunye nokuthamba kwaye ekugqibeleni linika yonke ingubo intshukumo yokuhamba. Ukongeza, yimvelaphi efanelekileyo yemibala eyongezwe zizandla zekhuselo.
Los izigqubuthelo ezimibalabala Zenziwe nge-tulle ebonakalayo, kwaye nayo yahonjiswa ngayo iintyatyambo ezinemibala emininzi kunye nobukhulu obukhulu, zombini kwi-blouse nakwisiketi, ukuvelisa uhlobo lwe-tapestry enemibala. Kwaye amadoda?
Amadoda eChiapas anxiba isuti ebizwa ngokuba yi «parachico», ezibandakanya iblukhwe emnyama kunye nehempe enombala ofanayo. Banxiba umbhinqo obomvu esinqeni kunye neitshefu ezinamaqhina entanyeni. Ukongezwa kokugqibela yitape kunye nayo imibala emininzi.
Kubonakala ngathi imvelaphi yesinxibo esiqhelekileyo saseChiapas inento yokwenza nomgama omfutshane phakathi kweChiapa de Corzo kunye nedolophu elikomkhulu, iTuxla Guiteriierez. Esixekweni, imibhiyozo yabaxhasi abangcwele ibisoloko iqhubeka, ke iimpahla ezisetyenzisiweyo kuzo zisasazekile kwilizwe liphela kwaye ngenxa yoko le yesinxibo siye satolikwa njengesiqhelo seChiapas.
Kungoku kanye ngexesha leminyhadala yenkolo, njengoko sibonile ngokulula kunaleyo yabasetyhini, imibala eyimfakamfele yongezwa kwimilenze, umnqwazi ojikeleziweyo owenziwe ngemicu ixtle, ikepusi, imaski eyenziwe ngomthi kunye ne-chinchín, ukukhonkotha kwengcongolo kukwahonjiswe ngeeribhoni ezininzi ezinemibala. Ngezi zihlandlo, abasetyhini banomthi osikwe ngesandla-obizwa ngokuba yeengce.
I-Lacquer ngesandla yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo zasekuhlaleni Inemvelaphi yangaphambi kweSpanishi, nangona ikwanempembelelo yaseYurophu. Abantu bomthonyama basebenzise amaxolo eziqhamo njengezixhobo zasekhaya okanye ezenkolo kwaye ezinye zazo zapeyintwa ngobuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-maque okanye lacquer. Ukunxibelelana neSpanish, obu buchule babunomahluko kwaye ke, kule nkulungwane yama-XNUMX, obu buchule bokuhombisa buphela baba ngumanyano phakathi kweenkcubeko ezimbini.
Ukuhonjiswa kwendleko zeChiapas kukwangumsebenzi wezandla wengingqi. Yenziwe ngesandla ngemisonto yesilika kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha uye waxhuma kwilokhwe nakwiblawuzi waya kwezinye iziqwenga zelaphu ezifana izikhafu, amalaphu etafile, iingubo, iiragi, kwaye nangokunjalo. Kwimeko yesinxibo sengingqi, i-tulle, eyilaphu apho ifakwe khona, iyasikwa, umzobo uyilelwe, i-tulle yenziwa isampulu eyenzelweyo kwaye umsebenzi onzima uqala, uzobe ngokuzoba, intyatyambo intyatyambo, ibhola ngebhola ide igqitywe ngamagqabi kunye nembewu.
Intsingiselo yesinxibo esiqhelekileyo seChiapas sinayiphi intsingiselo? Kwimeko yabafazi xa bebonke, isinxibo simibalabala kwaye sonwabile kwaye siyaphila kangangokuba kuthiwa simele kwelinye icala kuzo zonke iintlanga ezihlala e yomhlaba (phakathi kwezinye iiTojolobales, iiLacandones, iiTzeltales), kunye nakwezinye iyantlukwano enkulu yezityalo enika zonke i-ecosystems urhulumente anazo. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, isuti yendoda ibhekisa kwi- imvula nelanga, izinto ezisisiseko sokuchuma komhlaba, kananjalo bayabakhumbula aboyisi abamhlophe, banxibe izigqubuthelo entloko entloko.
Imbali ithi isinxibo sommandla waseChiapas senziwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ngeminyaka yoo-XNUMX, ngesandla senkampani yeqonga yaseMelika esembindini. Imvumi, phambi kwabaphulaphuli abaninzi, yavuma ingoma eyabhaptiza IiChiapanecas, ngembeko yoluntu. Ukusukela ngoko ukuya phambili, isinxibo senziwa kwaye safumana ukuthandwa kumatheko nakwiindibano, zinxitywa ngabafazi namantombazana.
Ukuba ucwangcisa ukutyelela eMexico ungabona isinxibo esiqhelekileyo seChiapas siphila kwaye sihamba ngokuthe ngqo iFiesta Grande de Chiapa de Corzo eyenzeka minyaka le phakathi kukaJanuwari 8 no-23. Kulo mnyhadala amadoda nabafazi badanisa behlonipha iNkosi ye-Esquipulas, iSan Antonio Abad kunye neSan Sebastián Mártir, ingcwele yokugqibela yomgcini weParachicos (amadoda).
Sitshilo kwasekuqaleni ukuba akukho ndleko zodwa zeChiapas kwaye kunjalo. Kwezona zithandwa sizijongileyo sisongezwe iimpahla eziqhelekileyo zeSan Juan Chamula enxitywa ngamadoda: ibhulukhwe kunye nehempe yengubo ene-poncho yoboya obumhlophe okanye obumnyama ngaphezulu kwehempe ebotshelelwe ngombhinqo obomvu. Ezintloko zabo banxibe umnqwazi weendiza onemibala emininzi enxibelelene emaphethelweni nasezandleni zabo ibhegi yesikhumba ehonjiswe ngendlela efanayo.
Ngokwabo, abafazi banxiba isiketi soboya obude, ngamanye amaxesha beqinile, ngamanye amaxesha hayi, ngemibala emhlophe, imibala emibalabala kunye neblawuzi edla ngokwenziwa ngombala, luhlaza, mhlophe, luhlaza okanye golide, ifakwe ngaphakathi. Kukho i- Izambatho eziqhelekileyo zeSan Andrés Larráinzar kunye nesinxibo sikaVenustiano Carranza, Ngemifanekiso ehonjisiweyo enokuthatha inyanga ukwenza.