Esona sixeko saziwayo eNetherlands si Amsterdam, ikomkhulu layo. Isixeko esinomtsalane, esinemijelo emininzi kunye nabantu abahamba ngeebhayisekile, kwangaxeshanye sisixeko esidala, ilali yakudala yokuloba ethe ixesha laguquka laba lelinye lamakomkhulu emali ehlabathi.
IAmsterdam incinci kwaye ihlala iphakathi kwezona zixeko zityelelwa kakhulu kwilizwekazi elidala, kodwa ufika njani apho? Zeziphi izikhululo zeenqwelo moya eAmsterdam?
Amsterdam
Okokuqala, ireferensi emfutshane yesixeko: Yasekwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX njengelali yokuloba, elunxwemeni loMlambo i-Amstel, eyinqumlayo ize iyinike igama layo ngaxeshanye. Inabemi abangaphantsi nje kwesigidi sabemi, nangona xa idityaniswe kubemi kummandla wemetropolitan ifikelela kwisigidi esinesiqingatha.
IAmsterdam, kunye nezinye izixeko ezinje ngeHague, i-Ultrecht kunye neRotterdam, zenza idolophu ebizwa ngokuba yiRandstad enabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezisixhenxe. Idolophu yakudala yaseAmsterdam yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, lixesha apho amajelo ayibonakalisa kakhulu kwaye ayinike elinye igama, l.ukuya eVenice yaseMantla.
Nangona ilikomkhulu lelizwe Ayisosihlalo sepalamente okanye urhulumente okanye inkundla kuba yonke loo nto igxile eHague.
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseSchiphol
kwesi sikhululo seenqwelomoya Yamiselwa ngoSeptemba 16, 1916, iyeyona ibalulekileyo kweli lizwe kunye nesinye sezikhululo zeenqwelomoya eYurophu esona sinabantu abaninzi abakhweli kunye nemithwalo yenqwelo moya. Ikhowudi yayo ye-IATA kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba i-52 yezigidi zabakhweli abaqhelekileyo badlula apha ngonyaka.
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseSchiphol ikwiikhilomitha ezili-9 kumzantsi-ntshona weAmsterdam, kuhola wendlela i-A4 ethi yona idibanise iHague neRotterdam. Ngokumalunga nesakhiwo sayo, inesipheloIsebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku kwaye inamanqanaba amathathu: ukusuka phezulu ukuya ngasezantsi sinamasango okukhwela kunye ne-VIP, kwinqanaba lesibini lokungena kunye nokukhwela, kwaye kumgangatho ophantsi kukho ukufika kunye nokuthunyelwa.
Ukuya okanye ukusuka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya kungcono ukusebenzisa uloliwe, kuba yeyona ikhawulezayo kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi. Isikhululo siphantsi kwesikhululo seenqwelomoya kunye noololiwe abahamba ukusuka kweli nqanaba, benkonzo ye-intercity, baya kwi-Amsterdam Centraal kwindawo 15 imizuzu ukukhwela ngexabiso malunga nee-euro ezi-5 ukuba uthenga itikiti kwangaphambili. Ukuba uya eRotterdam, eBreda, eVenlo, eLeiden okanye kwezinye iidolophu kukho izitimela ezininzi ezikhoyo kunye nabanye abangena eJamani baze bafike eBonn, eDusseldorf, eHannover, eFrankfurt, phakathi kwabanye.
Kwisikhululo kukho oomatshini abazenzekelayo bokuthenga amatikiti kaloliwe kwaye kukho neendawo zokubala eSchiphol Plaza, kodwa ukuba unayo Ikhadi lezithuthi zikawonke-wonke le-OV-chipkaart ungayisebenzisa kwaye utsibe kwiibhasi, i-metro kunye neetram.
Ngoku, ukhetha ibhasi? Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseAmsterdam sinomdla uthungelwano lwebhasi ngqo kwiidolophu ezininzi ngeenxa zonke. Ukumisa kuzo zonke iinkonzo kunokufumaneka kwi-Schiphol Plaza, phambi kokukhwela kunye nokufika. Ukuba indawo oya kuyo isembindini wesixeko unokuthatha umgca 397 ohamba ngokukhawuleza ngokwenene, unenkonzo rhoqo ngemizuzu esixhenxe, kwaye umise kwezinye iindawo endleleni efana neNieuw-Vennep, De Hoek okanye Rijksmuseum, ukukhankanya nje ezimbalwa. Kuya kukuthatha imizuzu engama-45.
Kwaye ngokucacileyo, i Iiteksi zihlala zifumaneka iiyure ze-24 phambi kweShiphol Plaza. Kukho iiteksi, ekwabelwana ngazo okanye yabucala, kunye nabalawuli. Kuthatha imizuzu eli-15 kuphela ukuya kwiziko kodwa ulungele ukuhlawula malunga ne-50 yee-euro. Ingabizi Uber, esemthethweni apha eNetherlands. Ukwenzela oko kufuneka uye kwindawo yokuFika kwaye ulinde kumnyango wokuphuma B.
Okokugqibela, ukuba uya kuhlala eAmsterdam ungathabatha ithuba kwaye uthenge Itikiti lokuHamba laseAmsterdam Yintoni itikiti elikhethekileyo? usuku olunye, ezimbini okanye ezintathu ubuden edibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho kwaye ibandakanya ukuhamba ngololiwe okanye ngebhasi ukusuka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya ukuya kwindawo yemetropolitan. Ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise iibhasi, i-metro, iibhasi zasebusuku kunye neetram ngexabiso ukusuka kwi-euro ezili-17 ngetikiti losuku, i-22 yeentsuku ezimbini kunye ne-euro ezingama-50 ngeentsuku ezintathu.
Ingcebiso yam kukuba ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo, tyelela iwebhusayithi yesikhululo seenqwelomoya saseAmsterdam kuba iphelele kwaye ibonelela ngazo zonke iintlobo zolwazi: ukusuka kwindlela yokuya nokubuya, ukuya kwinto yokupakisha ngokwemigaqo yokhuseleko lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya, kweziphi iivenkile. ngaphakathi.
Eindhoven Airport
Nangona isikhululo seenqwelomoya iSchiphol sesona sisetyenziswa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi kunye nabemi baseNetherlands, zikho ezinye kwaye enye yazo sisikhululo seenqwelomoya i-Eindhoven, esisisikhululo seenqwelomoya. ukusuka apho iinkampani ezinexabiso eliphantsi kunye neenqwelomoya ezincinci zisebenza khona. Seyesibini isikhululo seenqwelomoya esisetyenziswa kakhulu, zombini kuphapho lwezorhwebo kunye nomkhosi.
kwesi sikhululo seenqwelomoya ifumaneka kuMntla Brabant kwaye abahambi banokusebenzisa i Uloliwe we-NS ukuya nokubuya kuyo, kuhambo olumalunga nemizuzu engama-90. Basenokusebenzisa ibhasi ye-401 ethatha isiqingatha seyure ukusuka kwisikhululo sase-Eindhoven ukuya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya. ukuba uyabhabha Ryanair, Transavia okanye Wizz Air Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufika kwesi sikhululo seenqwelomoya.
Eindhoven Airport yavulwa ngowe-1932 ngomzila wengca kunye nangelinye igama, Welschap. AmaJamani ayithatha ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ahlasele iNetherlands kwaye ayandise kwaye ayiphucule ngokudibanisa iingoma ezingaphezulu, ngeli xesha zihlanjululwe. Kamva abantu baseMelika babeza kufika kwaye emva kwembuyekezo yemfazwe yabuyela ezandleni zelizwe ngowe-1952.
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya sasekhaya sakhiwa ngo-1984 kwaye emva kokuwa koDonga kunye nokuphela kweMfazwe ebandayo isikhululo seenqwelomoya saba sisikhululo sezothutho zomkhosi ezineenqwelomoya ezininzi zeFokker, iLockheed kunye neHercules ezipakiweyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya kwaqhubeka ukukhula yaye ngenxa yoko esi sikhululo seenqwelo-moya saba sesona sikhululo sixakekileyo kweli lizwe.
Ngo-2012 yahlaziywa kwakhona kunye nehotele enamagumbi angama-120 kwaye ngo-2019 yavula iingcango zayo Holiday Inn. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya i-Eindhoven siphumile kuhola wendlela i-A2, eqhagamshelwe kakuhle kwilizwe lonke kwaye kukho oololiwe kunye neebhasi ezibonelela abakhweli.
Ngendlela, iNetherlands lilizwe elincinci kodwa linezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezininzi. Kuluhlu lwezikhululo zeenqwelo moya zaseAmsterdam sibeke phambili ezi zimbini, iShiphol kunye ne-Eindhoven, kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela ezinje ngoku. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseRotterdam, kufuphi neShiphol. Kuthatha kuphela imizuzu engama-40 ukuya eAmsterdam ngemoto kunye ne-90 ukuba usebenzisa uloliwe okanye ibhasi.
Kukho i Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseMaastrich-Aachen, eBeek, kodwa yimpahla kwaye ingaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-200 ukusuka eAmsterdam; kunye neSikhululo seenqwelomoya saseGroningen, e-Eelde, kumntla-mpuma weNetherlands. Sisikhululo seenqwelomoya kwaye sisetyenziswa kuphela yiTransavia, BMI kunye neCorrendon.