La utyelelo kwisakhiwo i-Abu Simbel emazantsi e-Egypt Luhambo olusisiseko ukuba siye eholideyini kweli lizwe. Sisikhumbuzo sokuba uRamses II ayalele ukuba sakhiwe kwaye sikwimo entle yolondolozo. Ukuba kwindawo efihlakeleyo ngandlela ithile, kwenziwa ukhenketho ukuze uyibone ngokukodwa.
Si uza kuya eYiphutha ungafuna ukwazi okungakumbi iinkcukacha zezi tempile zakudala. Kukho izinto ezinomdla ezinomdla. Ukongeza, siza kukuxelela indlela yokufika apho kunye nokhenketho olwenzeka kule tempile luhlala lukhona, indawo ebalulekileyo kwaye ekufuneka wonke umntu ayibone.
Imbali ka-Abu Simbel
Ezi tempile zamandulo zazinjalo yagrunjululwa ngqo elityeni ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC. kaC., kulawulo lukaRamses II. Esi sikhumbuzo sinikezelwe kumfazi wale faro, uNefertari, ukubonisa amandla akhe kubantu baseNubian. Itempile enkulu yanikezelwa nakwizithixo, zikaRamses ngokwakhe, kuba oofaro bazithatha njengoothixo, ka-Amun, Ra no-Ptah. Ecaleni kwaba thixo bathathu, uRamses ngokwakhe umelwe. Lo mhlangano wenziwa ngenjongo yokukhumbula ngexesha elifanayo umlo waseKadesh ngokuchasene namaHeti, apho aqhayisa ngokuphumelela khona idabi. Kunika umdla ukuba kwilizwe labo amaHeti aqhayise ngokufanayo kwiitempile zabo. Isiphumo yaba sisivumelwano soxolo phakathi kwaba babini. Ukwakhiwa kwale tempile imangalisayo kwaqala ngo-1284 BC. C. kwaye yaphela iminyaka engama-20 kamva.
Este Itempile yiprogegeum, itempile yomngcwabo eqingqwe elityeni okanye phantsi komhlaba. Kwaye yenye yezintandathu ezifumaneka kwingingqi yeNubian. Njengayo yonke itempile kunye nolwakhiwo, ikwanazo neenjongo zopolitiko, kuba izamile ukubonakalisa amaNubi kunye nokubenza baqiniseke ngokubaluleka kwenkolo yase-Egypt.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha ilitye lesikhumbuzo lilibalekile, kwaye isanti yaya igubungela imifanekiso. Yalityalwa ngokupheleleyo de kwaba yinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, xa USwitzerland uJohann Ludwig Burckhardt oyifumene. Sele kwinkulungwane yama-200, umsebenzi onzima waqala ukugcina izikhumbuzo ezikulo mmandla kwaye zaba semngciphekweni wokunyamalala phantsi kwamanzi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwedama lase-Aswan. Ezi tempile zachithwa kwiibhloko ezazithuthwe nganye nganye ukutshintsha indawo ezikuyo, i-65 yeemitha ukusuka emlanjeni kwaye malunga ne-XNUMX yeemitha ukuphakama. Esi sisikhumbuzo esaziyo namhlanje, nangona singekho kwindawo yoqobo. Yayiyiprojekthi enkulu yobunjineli eyazisa iingcali ezivela kwihlabathi liphela zisebenza phantsi kwe-UNESCO.
Ukufika njani ku-Abu Simbel
Indawo enkulu ye-Abu Simbel imi kumazantsi e-Egypt, kwi indawo esentshona yeLake Nasser, Iikhilomitha ezingama-230 ukusuka kwisixeko sase-Aswan. Xa sisenza uhambo oluya e-Egypt siyabona ukuba zininzi iindawo zokuhamba ngenqanawa eziya kwisixeko sase-Aswan, ezidlula edamini. Olu hambo lolwandle yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokufika ku-Abu Simbel. Imka kwangoko eAswan ize kufika ngexesha apho kungatshisi kakhulu. Iihambo zebhasi zenziwa. Ngamaxesha amaninzi uhambo luyenziwa kwaye ubusuku buchithwa kwizakhiwo zabakhenkethi ezikufutshane nale ndawo.
Yintoni ongayibona ku-Abu Simbel
Kule ndawo inkulu kangaka sineetempile ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, enye inikezelwe koothixo ababenqulwa ngelo xesha kunye noRamses II, owayejongwa njengothixo. Oku kwaziwa njenge Itempile enkulu kwaye ine-facade ye-33 yeemitha eziphakamileyo ziimitha ezingama-38 ububanzi. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ihleli etroneni. Ezinyaweni zemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ngamanye amanani amele uNefertari, unkosikazi kaFaro, ukumkanikazi ongumama okanye abantwana bakhe. Ngaphakathi unokubona amagumbi okunciphisa ukuphakama, de ufike kwelokugqibela, eliyingcwele.
Ngaphandle kwale tempile inkulu ngu Itempile encinci yanikezelwa kuNefertari, Umfazi kaFaro amthandayo. Le façade ineemifanekiso eqingqiweyo emithandathu, ezine zeRamses kunye nezimbini zeNefertari. Into ebangel 'umdla ngale mifanekiso iqingqiweyo ikukuphakama okufanayo, into engaqhelekanga, kuba umfazi wayehlala emelwe emncinci. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka kwalo mfazi kuRamses II. Le yeyona tempile yesibini inikezelwe ngofaro emfazini wakhe. Eyokuqala yanikezelwa nguAkhenaten kuNefertiti.
Iminqweno yetempile
Indlu enkulu yakhiwa enendawo ekhethekileyo. Ilanga lalibaluleke kakhulu koFaro. Kungako kunjalo kabini ngonyaka eli langa lingena ngqo kwigumbi eliphambili ikhanyisa imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaRamses, uRa noAmun. Oku kwenzeka nge-21 ka-Okthobha kunye ne-Okthobha ye-19, engqamana nomhla wokuzalwa kunye nokubekwa kukaFaro. Uthixo uPtah, nangona kunjalo, uhlala esethunzini, kuba unguthixo onxulumene nelabafileyo.