Ngandlela ithile sonke siyazi ukuba ngoobani iiEskimos. Ngaba iya kuba ziincwadi zobuntwana bethu, iincwadi zesikolo, iimuvi? Andazi, kodwa siyabazi ukuba bangoobani...okanye sivile ngabo kuphela kodwa asazi kwanto?
Posiblemente sea así, así que hoy en Actualidad Viajes vamos a aprender, entre otras cosas, quienes son, cómo son y bahlala phi i-eskimos.
eskimos
Okokuqala kufuneka utsho ukuba igama Eskimo eneneni ligama lemveli elo ibhekisa kwindawo ethile, kwiqela labantu, okanye ulwimi okanye ulwimi olusetyenziswa ngaphakathi, oko kukuthi, ukuzichaza.
Sele siyithethile loo nto, xa sithetha nge-Eskimos sithetha ngayo ngenene amaqela amabini abemi bomthonyama, ama-Inuit namaYupik. Eyokuqala yahlulwe yaba yinxalenye ye Alaska, enye kwi Canada kunye nomnye IGreenland, kwaye owesibini uhlala empuma Alaska kunye eSiberia. Kukho ngokwenene iqela lesithathu elihlala kulo Iziqithi zaseAleutian, i-Aleut, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ababandakanywanga kwi-ambrela ye-"Eskimo".
Omathathu amaqela abelana ngokhokho omnye kwaye athetha iilwimi zosapho olunye. Konke zikwahlala kwiArctic Circle nakwimimandla ye-subarctic. Akukho ukunqongophala kwamalungu ala maqela bacinga ukuba igama elithi eskimo asilolabo yaye lithetha kakubi ngandlel’ ithile.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, eKhanada nase-United States kuye kwakho kwaye kusekho iinzame ezinzulu zokungasayisebenzisi elo gama, ubuncinane kumaxwebhu asemthethweni. Inyaniso, eKhanada igama elithi Inuit lisetyenziswa ukuthetha ngabemi bokuqala baloo mazwe. Kwelakho icala IUnited States isebenzisa "abemi baseAlaska."
bahlala phi i-eskimos
Kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwama-Inuit namaYupik namhlanje kuya kubakho phakathi kwe-171 kunye ne-187 lamawaka abantu. Uninzi lwazo luhlala okanye kufutshane nemimandla yeesetyhula abebehlala kuyo ngokwesiko. Kwesi simbuku, bamalunga nama-54 65 abahlala eUnited States, abangama-52 16 eKhanada, yaye bamalunga nama-500 180 eGreenland. Ukongezwa kula manani bangaphezulu nje kwe-XNUMX abahlala eDenmark, nangona bazalelwa eGreenland, kwaye abanye ngakumbi abahlala eSiberia kwaye, ngokutsho kombutho ongekho phantsi korhulumente, i-Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC), bamalunga ne-XNUMX.
Imvelaphi ye Kutheni igama elithi eskimo lithathwa njengelihlazo itshona kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kubonakala ngathi enye yeentsingiselo "abantu abatya inyama ekrwada» (esinye sezizwe sabiza elinye iqela, kwaye lelo lizwi elathi abahloli baseYurophu bagqiba ukulamkela). Yiyo loo nto, ngo-1971, i-ICC yagqiba ekubeni yamkele igama elithi Inuit ukuze ichaze bonke abantu bomthonyama bommandla ojikelezayo, ngaphaya kwayo yonke into. Bavote baza endaweni yegama elithi Eskimo inuit kwaye nangona ayizange yamkelwe ngokupheleleyo ngoko, namhlanje eCanada Inuit ligama elisetyenziswayo.
Kodwa ngaphaya kwayo nayiphi na ingxoxo ye-etymological okanye ye-sociological, yintoni eyaziwayo malunga naba bantu? Kaloku, ubungqina bemfuza kudala bubonisa oko UMntla Merika wawumiwe ngabantu abavela eMpuma Asia kumaza amaninzi afudukayo.
Ngelixa abantu bomthonyama baseMelika besaziwa ukuba behla kwimfuduko enye yamaPaleo-Indian, Abantu baseAlaska bangababantu abahlukeneyo abafudukela eMelika emva kwexeshana, ukugcina unxibelelwano oluqinileyo nabantu baseMntla-mpuma Asia. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo kunye nabemi bomthonyama abaseleyo baseMelika abucacanga. Sathetha ngamaza okufuduka kuLwandle lwaseChukchi okwenzekayo phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-10 lamawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ke, iiEskimos zihlala eAlaska, eCanada, eSiberia naseGreenland. Uninzi lwabo luhlala kumantla eKhanada, kwiindawo ezikwanti. Kwimeko yaseKhanada, bahlala kwi-Inuit Nunangat, equka iNunavut, iNunavik emantla eQuebec, iNunatsiavut, esemantla ephondo laseLabrador, kunye ne-Inuvialuit Settlement, ekuMntla-ntshona weTerritories.
Ukususela ngo-2016 malunga ne-73% bahlala kwiindawo ze-53 ze-arctic ibekwe kwi Inuit Nunangat, "Uya ekhaya"ngexesha Ama-64 ekhulwini enjenjalo eNunavut. Ke, malunga ne-72% ye-Inuit yaseCanada ihlala ngaphandle kwe-Inuit Nunangat, kunye nesibini kwisihlanu sabo bahlala kumaziko amakhulu asedolophini. Kwelinye icala, eGreenland, phakathi kwama-50 nama-56 amawaka abemi bayo bangama-Inuit yaye oko kulingana nama-89% abemi. Akukho nto incinci!
Namhlanje, I-Inuit ehlala eCanada ibone iimeko zabo zezindlu kunye nokufikelela kwimpilo kusiba mandundu, ubuncinci ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-'50s,'60s, xa babehleli phantsi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le meko iye yabenza baba liqela labantu abaninzi amathuba okuba uphethwe zizifo eziyingozi ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi okanye umhlaza, isifo seswekile okanye ukutyeba kakhulu. Indlela yabo yokuphila yesiNtu iye yalungiswa ngenxa, kwelinye icala, ukwanda kokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye, kwelinye, namaphulo okulwela amalungelo ezilwanyana ebezizingelwa ngokwesiko.
Ewe kunjalo utshintsho lwemozulu luyabenzakalisa, kuba akukho mathandabuzo okuba iinguqu ezibangelwa kushishino lwesi sijikelezi-langa ziye zonzakala indawo ye-arctic. Kwaye oko kunemiphumo emibi kwindlela yokuphila ye-Eskimos, ukutshintsha, umzekelo, ngokukhawuleza, ukutya kwabo. Amaqondo obushushu ashushu anyibilike umkhenkce, anciphisa ikhephu kunye ne-permafrost kwaye ke umhlaba wakho sele uqalisile ukonakala, amaxesha okuzingela akasekho made, kwaye ukuzingela kumkhenkce ocekeceke kuyingozi ngakumbi...
La ngco lisekoIde yabangela ukuba into etyiwa yi-Eskimos nayo inemingcipheko yayo. Ngoba? Zifunyenwe umkhondo wesinyithi esinzima kwezinye izilwanyana ze-arctic, njengokuba. Ngaloo ndlela, xa udibanisa yonke into, unayo ukuba indlela yokuphila yaba bantu ishintshile kakhulu, iyaqhubeka iguquka kwaye isengozini yokuphela, naphi na apho bahlala khona.
Namhlanje, kukho iintshukumo zokugcina inkcubeko ye-Eskimo. ECanada, intlangano ebizwa ngokuba yi-Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami iye yasekwa ukulwa namalungelo ala bahlali, kwaye i-UN iqalile ukubeka iliso kwiimeko zendalo kwi-Arctic. Ukuba siqulunqa oku kumlo wokunqanda ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuqatshelwa kwabantu bomthonyama kunye namalungelo abo, apha nakwihlabathi lonke, ngethemba lokuba ikamva elihle liya kuvulela aba bantu bamandulo.