Ukuba undwendwela iBurgos, ungalibali ukwazi ezi ndawo zinomdla

Los ezikhumbuzo ezinkulu Burgos Babumba iqela apho izixeko ezimbalwa zehlabathi zinokudibana nazo. Hayi ilize, isixeko saseCastilian sesinye sezona zinembali eSpeyin.

Nangona kukho ubungqina bokuba le ndawo yayimiwe ukususela Neolithic, umhla wokusekwa kwedolophu wamkelwa njengonyaka 884 ezandleni ze Bala u-Diego Rodríguez Porcelos. Kodwa yazuza ukubaluleka kokwenene ngo-930, xa yaba likomkhulu lelizwe Inqila yaseCastile kwaye, ngoko, kubukumkani obulandelayo umbulelo kwizenzo ze UFernand Gonzalez. Ndingaphulukana nale meko kunye Ookumkani bamaKatolika, kodwa hayi ukubaluleka kwayo kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwecereal kunye noboya bemerino. Ukususela kwimbali eqaqambileyo, zininzi izinto ezimangalisayo eziye zasala kweso sixeko. Okulandelayo, sikubonisa izikhumbuzo ezinkulu zaseBurgos.

Icawe yecawa yaseBurgos

Yenye yeesimboli ezinkulu zedolophu. Enyanisweni, imalunga enye ye Incopho yobugcisa beGothic eSpain kwaye sele ibhengeziwe Ilifa leMveli nguUNESCO. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-13 emva koyilo lwe UYohane waseKoloniya nangendlela yeecathedrals ezinkulu zamaGothic eFransi. Kodwa ikwabandakanya izinto zeGothic ezivuthayo ezinika umoya ocacileyo.

Ngokufanayo, ngaphakathi, kufuneka ujonge icawa yooConstable, ubhaptizwe “njengecathedral ngaphakathi kwecathedral”; i Izinyuko zegolide Isimbo sokuvuselela; i Amangcwaba eCid kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uJimena kunye Icawa yaseSanta Ana kunye nesibingelelo sayo esinomtsalane. Kodwa eyona nto inomdla kuyo umphandi wempukane, i-automaton ekhethekileyo ebetha iiyure ngelixa ivula umlomo wayo.

I-Monastery yaseSanta María la Real de las Huelgas

Yindlu yeemonki yaseCistercian eyasekwa ngo-1189 ngu Alfonso VIII waseCastile njengomkhosi wasebukhosini. Ngapha koko, inxalenye elungileyo yezidwangube zaseCastilian zingcwatywe apho. Kwiinkulungwane kamva kongezelelwa ezinye izinto ezixhomekeke kuwe.

Kwisethi, izinto ezifana iiCloisters okanye i-cloister yamandulo yamaRoma; i iMudejar chapel yaseSantiago, icawa kunye nesibingelelo sayo esidalwe ngu UJuan de Pobes; enkulu idolophu yaseSan Fernando okanye Imyuziyam yeZityebi zeMedieval Fabrics. Ukongeza, i-monastery inezindlu ibhanile yaseLas Navas de Tolosa, isetyenziswe kwidabi elidumileyo le-homonymous yonyaka we-1212, kunye nento ebizwa ngokuba Uqhankqalazo lweCodex. Le yokugqibela, esusela kwinkulungwane ye-14, iqokelela iingoma ezenziwa ngoonongendi emithandazweni yabo kwaye yenye yemithombo emikhulu yepolyphony yaseYurophu yamandulo.

Isikwere esikhulu

Uya kuyifumana kufuphi nedumileyo Espolón ukuhamba kwaye inemilo yepolygon engaqhelekanga. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa Isikwere seMarike esincinci kuba lo msitho weveki wawubhiyozelwa apho. Emva koko, yafikelelwa ngomnyango weCarretas, owathi, ngohlaziyo lwenkulungwane ye-18, yapheliswa, kwasala i-arch kuphela kwaye yongeza ezinye. Kwangaxeshanye, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezitsha apho.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iSpur Ibe liziko lobomi bentlalo yaseBurgos iminyaka emininzi. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 kwaye iyindlela entle ejikeleze umthi. Ngokukwanjalo, ihonjiswe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yookumkani kunye neminye imizobo eqaqambileyo, imithombo, amachibi kunye nebhendi encinci.

Miraflores Charterhouse, enye yezikhumbuzo ezinkulu zaseBurgos ezingaphandle

Njengoko isihloko sisitsho, esi sikhumbuzo sibekwe malunga neekhilomitha ezintlanu ukusuka esixekweni, kwindawo yedolophu Ipaki yeFuentes Blancas. Ekuqaleni, yayilibhotwe lokuzingela likakumkani. UJohn II waseCastile, owayiguqula yaba yimonki yaseCarthusian ngowe-1441.

Emva UIsabel umKatolika wayeza kuyilungisa le ngxaki, ngokuchanekileyo, ukuba angcwabe abazali bakhe apho, okukhankanywe ngasentla UYohane II e UIsabella wasePortugalkunye nomntakwabo, usana uAlfonso. Amangcwaba abo enza elinye lawona maqela mahle kakhulu emingcwabo yamaGothic kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kodwa, ukongeza, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo isibingelelo secawa, Umsebenzi we iGili yaseSilowa, owasenziwe ngegolide leyo Columbus wabuya kuhambo lwakhe lwesibini ukuya e-Indies. I-monastery ide ibe nemisebenzi ngabazobi abakhulu abafana beruguete y UJoaquin Sorolla.

Inqaba yaseBurgos

Yayi, ngokuchanekileyo, imvelaphi yesixeko ngonyaka wama-884, nangona ukubaluleka kwayo kwanda njengoko yayisenza ukuba ibe nokubaluleka okukhethekileyo ngexesha lesixeko. imfazwe yokulandelelana kweCastilian. Emva koko, abaxhasi be UJuana la Beltraneja Wanyamezela ukungqingwa kwemikhosi yase UIsabel umKatolika.

Iinkulungwane zokulahlwa kunye nokuvuthela kwe-arsenal yayo yimikhosi yaseFransi ngexesha Imfazwe yeNkululeko ibangele imeko yayo engalunganga ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, njenge-anecdote, siya kukuxelela ukuba iyayigcina Medieval kakuhle. Kwaye naye uyamkhumbula Ukuhambahamba ngezitepsi ehla ngayo ukuya kutsho malunga neemitha ezingamashumi amathandathu anesithathu ubunzulu. Ngokufanayo, unokuyibona iyingqayizivele inethiwekhi yegalari kwaye uyonwabele ipaki eyingqongileyo kunye nemibono yayo emangalisayo yesixeko.

Isikwere senkululeko

Akwaziwa kangako kunoSodolophu, sisiphumo sokwahlulwa kwabantu abadala Isikwere seMarike esiPhambili kubini. Kwelinye icala, yadala le iseSanto Domingo kwaye, kwelinye, leyo yeNkululeko, ezahlula ngooAntón arcades, izakhiwo ezineengcango zenkulungwane ye-19.

Leyo yeNkululeko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi Cordon Square ngendlu ebizwa ngegama okanye Ibhotwe leConstable yaseCastile, umnyango wayo ophambili uhonjiswe ngentambo kaFrancisca. Okulandelayo, siza kuthetha nawe ngayo, kodwa unezinye izakhiwo ezinomdla kwisikwere. Ngokomzekelo, yena ibhotwe lephondo.

Ibhotwe leConstable yaseCastile

Njengoko besithembisile, ngoku siza kukucacisela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nenye yezikhumbuzo ezinkulu zaseBurgos: ekwabizwa ngokuba indlu yecordon. Yenziwe ngu UJuan de Colonia kunye nonyana wakhe uSimón, ngomnye wemizekelo emihle ye i-civil gothic architecture yenkulungwane ye-15 esixekweni, nangona sele kuhlaziywe ezininzi.

Eli bhotwe liye lacamngca ngeziganeko zembali ezifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kuyo bafumene i- Ookumkani bamaKatolika a Columbus emva kohambo lwakhe lwesibini eMelika. I Imithetho yeBurgos, owathi, okokuqala, walawula unyango olufanele lunikwe amaIndiya kwilizwekazi laseMelika. Ngokufanayo, wafela emagumbini akhe UFilipu uMhle.

Icawa yaseSt

Ukongeza kwi-cathedral yayo entle, kukho ezinye iicawa ezimangalisayo ezenza amatye ezikhumbuzo amakhulu eBurgos. Umzekelo, abo baseSan Gil Abad, eSan Nicolás de Bari, la Merced, eSan Lesmes okanye eSanta María la Real. Kodwa, njengomzekelo wabo, sicebisa ukuba undwendwele Engcwele kaStefano. Njengoninzi lwangaphambili, yiGothic kwaye yakhiwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-13.

Uya kuyifumana kufuphi nenqaba, kodwa sifuna ukuthetha nawe ngayo kuba, emva kokuhlanjululwa, namhlanje ihlala Imyuziyam yeAltarpiece. Inengqokelela enomtsalane yezi ziqwenga zenkolo zokuhombisa ukusuka kwi-16th, 17th, kunye ne-18th inkulungwane, kunye neRenaissance kunye nezimbo zeBaroque. Ukongeza, inecandelo lomkhandi wegolide elinomdla.

IArch yaseSanta María, enye yezikhumbuzo ezinkulu zaseBurgos

Eli sango lesixeko esidala sesinye seempawu eziphambili zeBurgos. Yakhiwa kumaXesha Aphakathi, kodwa imbonakalo yayo yangoku kungenxa yohlengahlengiso olunzulu ngenkulungwane ye-16. Emva koko, imifanekiso yokuhlobisa yongezwa njengaleyo ye I-Cid naleyo yomlawuli UCarlos V.

Namhlanje, iArco de Santa María ivulelekile kuluntu kwaye inikezela ngeemyuziyam ezimbini ezincinci. Omnye ume efowunini igumbi lokuhlambela okanye yeMfihlo kwaye inikezelwe, ngokuchanekileyo, kwi I-Cid. Ngokubhekiselele kwenye, inomdla Imyuziyam yekhemesti. Le ibekwe kumgangatho ongentla, ofikelelwa ngezinyuko ezijikelezayo. Ungaphoswa ziimbono ezintle ezinikezela ngePaseo del Espolón.

Museum of Human Evolution of Burgos

Njengoko uyazi, eBurgos Uluhlu lweentaba zeAtapuerca enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo ze-prehistoric emhlabeni ifunyenwe. Kamva siza kuthetha nawe ngayo, kodwa ngoku sifuna ukuthetha ngemyuziyam apho uninzi lwamacandelo afunyenweyo aboniswa khona.

Sisakhiwo sanamhlanje esenziwe ngumakhi UJuan Navarro Baldeweg efumene iimbasa ezingaphezulu kwamashumi amane ngokuyilwa kwayo. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngumxholo wayo. Phakathi kweziqwenga ezihlala kuzo kukho abadumileyo ababhaptizwe ngamagama okuqala. Umzekelo, i Elvis pelvis kunye ukakayi lweHomo heidelbergensis Miguelón. Kodwa unokubona ulonwabo oluyinyani lweehominids ezininzi kunye nokuveliswa kwenqanawa apho UCharles Darwin waya eGalapagos.

Ukongeza, kwimyuziyam unako ukulungiselela a utyelelo olukhokelwayo al Indawo yeAtapuerca kunye Iziko le-Archaeology yoMfuniselo (CAREX), apho uya kubona i-replica yedolophu ye-Neolithic.

Indawo yeAtapuerca

Ngokwenyani, kufuneka sithethe ngeediphozithi, kuba zingaphezulu kwesinye. Uya kuzifumana malunga neekhilomitha ezilishumi elinesihlanu ukusuka eBurgos, kuluhlu lweentaba zegama elifanayo. Njengoko sikuxelele, bayayenza enye yezona zakhiwo zibalulekileyo ze-paleontological emhlabeni. Hayi ilize, ziqulethe ubungqina obubalulekileyo i-homos antecessor, i-heidelbergensis kunye ne-neanderthalensis.

Ixeliwe Ilifa leMveli, ukutyelela kwi-complex ye-Atapuerca kuqala kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Railway Trench, apho kuye kwafunyanwa iifosili ezininzi. Emva koko qhubeka ngeSima del Elefante, iGalari Complex kunye neGran Dolina.

Ukuqukumbela, sikubonise i ezikhumbuzo ezinkulu Burgos Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ukuba undwendwela isixeko. Kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, siye sabashiya ngasemva abanye. Umzekelo, i iibhotwe zaseCastilfalé kunye neSiqithi, i kwizindlu zoonongendi zaseSanta Clara naseSanta Dorotea okanye Iibhulorho zaseMalatós naseSan Pablo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba uyasondela Burgos, ungalibali ukutyelela ezinye zeedolophu zayo ezintle. Yiza ufumane eli phondo lihle kwaye liyimbali yaseSpain.