Los ezona zikhumbuzo zibalulekileyo zaseRoma zibhalwe kwimbali ende yesixeko saseItali. Ayibizelwa nto "Isixeko esingunaphakade". Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo okudumileyo ngu URomulus kunye noRemus, ibe likomkhulu lelona gunya linamandla le-Antiquity, enye yeendawo apho emangalisayo I-Renacimiento kwaye, sele kwimihla yethu, iziko lemithambo-luvo ye Italia.
Isiqhamo seenkulungwane ezininzi zembali zizikhumbuzo zalo ezimangalisayo. Ungazifumana zakhiwe ngexesha lesiLatini, ngokuchanekileyo iRenaissance okanye iBaroque kunye nesimanje. Kodwa zonke zineedinomineyitha ezifanayo ubungangamsha nobuhle bayo. Kwelinye icala, kusoloko kuxhomekeke ukuthetha ngezona zibalaseleyo. Ngenxa yokuba isivakashi ngasinye siya kuba nezinto ezizithandayo. Nangona kunjalo, siza kukubonisa ukuba, ngokoluvo lwethu, zezona zikhumbuzo zibalulekileyo eRoma.
IColosseum kunye neForam
IColosseum kunye neForam, ezimbini zezona zikhumbuzo zibalulekileyo eRoma
Siqala ukhenketho lwethu lwe Coliseum, enye yeesimboli ezinkulu zesixeko, esimi kwinxalenye esempuma Iforamu yamaRoma. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane yokuqala emva kukaKristu. Libala elikhulu lemidlalo yeqonga (eneneni, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi I-Amphitheatre yeFlavian) ebinomthamo wabantu abangaphezu kwamawaka angamashumi amathandathu abasasazeke kwimiqolo emashumi asibhozo yezitendi.
Ukukunika umbono wobungangamsha bayo, imicimbi yokusungulwa kwayo yathatha iintsuku ezilikhulu kwaye yayisebenza kangangeenkulungwane ezintlanu. wayengumlawuli Domitian owayalela ukuba yakhiwe ukuze ibe yeyona ibalaseleyo kubo bonke uBukhosi. Yayisindleke imilo emininzi yokulwa, kodwa neminye imiboniso efana nokuzingela izilwanyana okanye imidlalo yethiyetha.
Kodwa mhlawumbi ezona ziganeko zazichukumisayo yayizezi idabi lomkhosi wamanzi kwakhona. Kwezi, isanti yaguqulwa yaba lichibi elikhulu elenziweyo. Le yayimile okweqanda kwaye yayineendlela ezininzi zokuzaliswa kwamanzi kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha amanzi ezilandelayo. Ngenxa yoko, iinqanawa ezilingana nobomi zazithatha inxaxheba kula madabi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Iforamu yamaRoma yiseti yeentsalela ezigcinwe ukusuka embindini we latin iRoma. Inqumla i VIndlela Engcwele, eyathi, ngokuchanekileyo, yathetha le ndawo kunye neColosseum. Kodwa eyona nto inomdla kakhulu onokuyibona kwiForam yisethi yezakhiwo ukusuka ngelo xesha ebonisayo. Akunakwenzeka ukukuxelela ngazo zonke apha. Kodwa siya kukukhankanya njengesampuli iitempile zeRomulus, iSaturn okanye iVesta, Las basilicas Emilia kunye Julia, i IiArches zikaTitus kunye neSeptimius Severus okanye UJulia Curia, eyayisisihlalo sendlu yeengwevu.
Kukho ezinye iiforam edolophini. Kufuneka sikukhankanye phakathi kwabo amaImperials, ezikaKesare, zika-Agasto, zikaNerva noTrajan. Benza i-complex ecaleni kweyangaphambili.
I-Basilica yaseSanta Maria laSodolophu
I-Basilica yaseSanta Maria Maggiore, omnye wabo benza iPentarchy yaseRoma
Ixeliwe Ilifa lehlabathi, yitempile enomtsalane edibanisa izinto ezisuka kwixesha lamaKristu eXesha Eliqhelekileyo kunye nezinye zamaRomanesque, iGothic, iRenaissance kunye neBaroque. Ngenxa yokuba ukwakhiwa kwayo kwakudala kuqalela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX yexesha lethu kwaye, kamva, ukwandiswa kunye nohlaziyo lwenziwa.
Kodwa, ukuba ingaphandle layo liyamangalisa, uya kumangaliswa ngakumbi yiyo yonke into ingaphakathi layo elikunika lona. Enye yezona zinto zinomtsalane kakhulu yisethi ye Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ngobomi beNtombi Enyulu uMariya ukuba umhla ukususela kumaxesha okuqala yecawa, oko kukuthi, ukususela ngenkulungwane XNUMX. Ukususela kwixesha elifanayo i IGrotto Yokuzalwa KukaYesu o ICrypt yaseBhetelehem, ephantsi kwetempile negcina iintsalela zabantu ababalulekileyo kwimbali yecawa.
Zikwayamangalisa Sistine Chapel (ungabhidaniswa noMichelangelo) kunye uPauline. Eyokuqala ngumsebenzi we Domenico Fontana yaye igutyungelwe ngelitye lenyengane. Ngokuphathelele okwesibini, umsebenzi we UFlaminio Ponzi, yi-baroque kwaye iquka amangcwaba oopopu UClement VIII y UPawulos V. Kwakhona, amanye amatye anqabileyo onokuwabona eSanta María la Mayor yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo I-Saint Cajetan ibambe uMntwana, de Bernini, kunye nezo zesibingelelo, ze UPietro Bracci; Izikhumbuzo zemingcwabo yoopopu UClement IX y UNicholas IV, ngenxa, ngokulandelelanayo, ukuya UCarlo Rainaldi, Domenico Guidi kunye nesele ikhankanyiwe Domenico Fontana kunye neefrescoes kwi-sacristy, umsebenzi we i-passignano y Giuseppe Apulia.
Kodwa iSanta María la Mayor ayikuphela kwe-basilica onokuthi uyindwendwele kwisiXeko sanaphakade. Kwakhona inxalenye yezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo eRoma zezo ezenza i I-Pentachy ecaleni kwakhe. Sithetha ngezinto ezimangalisayo I-Basilica yaseSaint John Lateran, igqalwa njengecathedral ikwayindawo eyilifa lehlabathi; leyo ye Engcwele uLawrence Ngaphandle kweendonga, okwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngenkulungwane ye-V; enkulu ye INgcwele uPeter waseVatican kunye I-Basilica yaseSaint Paul ngaphandle kweendonga, ekwayinxalenye yobuPopu.
I-Trevi Fountain, mhlawumbi eyona idumileyo phakathi kwezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo eRoma
Umthombo omangalisayo weTrevi
Siza kuthetha nawe ngoku malunga nodumo Umthombo weTrevi zombini ngenxa yokuba yenye yezona zikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo eRoma kwaye ngenxa yokuba yenye yezona zidumileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo bonke abakhenkethi abadlula kwisixeko sase-Italiya beza kusityelela flip ingqekembe emanzini ukwenza umnqweno.
Yisakhiwo esihle se-baroque ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngenxa yomyili wezakhiwo UNicola Salvi, owathabatha iminyaka engamashumi amathathu ukuyigqiba. Thatha njengendawo yangasemva i Poly Palace, apho ibonelela nge-facade entsha. phendula umnxeba umyalelo omkhulu, isitayile soyilo esiphawulwa ngobungakanani bayo obukhulu (umzekelo, iintsika zomthombo zinemigangatho emibini). Embindini, ibonisa i-arch yoloyiso evula kwi-niche eneentsika. Amanani afuziselayo afana ne-Abundance okanye iMpilo kunye nenqwelo yokulwa ekhokelwa zii-tritons ezilulamisa amahashe olwandle agqibezela i-iconography.
Kwelinye icala, njengoko usazi, iTrevi ayikuphela komthombo obalulekileyo eRoma. Sikwacebisa ukuba ubone i isikhephe, Umsebenzi we Bernini, kwiPlaza de España; i kaMoses, kwiPlaza de San Bernardo; leyo ye imilambo emine, leyo kwakhona ngenxa Bernini kwaye e Piazza Navona, okanye ezimbini Farnese square, abamachibi abo aphuma kwi Iibhafu zeCaracalla.
Castel Sant'Angelo
Ibhulorho kunye neCastel Sant'Angelo
Ibekwe kwibhanki ekunene ye UTiber, ikufuphi IVatican. Inxibelelana nayo iPasa yaseBorgo kunye ibhulorho elio, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane yokuqala emva kukaKristu. Kwangelo xesha linye inqaba, eyaziwa ngokuba Mausoleum kaHadrian ukuze kuhlaliswe iintsalela zalo mlawuli. Nangona kunjalo, yayisebenza njengendawo yokungcwaba ezinye iinkokeli zaseRoma ezifana UMarcus Aurelius, Ukuthuthuzela o Septimius Severus.
I-Castel Sant'Angelo iye yalungiswa ngeendlela ezininzi Amaxesha aphakathi kunye I-Renacimiento. Ngenxa yoko, namhlanje unokubona isakhiwo esinesicwangciso sesikwere esenza i-cubic basement. Ngaphezulu koku, kukho igubu elikhulu kwaye phezu kwalo olunye ulwakhiwo lwequadrangular. Ekugqibeleni, yonke into ithweswe isithsaba somfanekiso wesithunywa sezulu.
Noko ke, ekuqaleni yayinomtsalane ngakumbi. Ngaphezulu kwegubu kwakukho induli yodongwe enemithi nemifanekiso yobhedu. Kwaye, phezu kwesithsaba, bekukho inqwelo yobhedu, ikhokelwa ngumfanekiso wentsimbi Adriano. Ngokungathi konke oku akwanelanga, wonke umgangatho wetyhubhikhi wawugqunywe ngebhastile laseCarrara kwaye indlela yokungena nayo yenziwe ngemabhile. Ukongezelela, kule nto kwakukho i-arch yokungena.
Kwelinye icala, le nqaba ayikuphela kwengcwaba elidumileyo kwikomkhulu laseItali. Kuya kufuneka kwakhona undwendwele phakathi kwezona zikhumbuzo zibalulekileyo zaseRoma I-Pantheon ka-Agripa. Lulwakhiwo olukhulu olusetyhula oluphezulu ngedome ebisetyenziswa njengecawa ukusukela ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, encede ulondolozo lwayo oluhle. Nangona kunjalo, umnyango we-portico kunye neentsika ezinkulu zaseKorinte kunye nefrieze enika ukufikelela kwi-rotunda.
Piazza del Popolo
I-Piazza del Popolo, kunye ne-obelisk kunye neecawe "amawele".
Siluphelisa ukhenketho lwethu kwezona zikhumbuzo zibalulekileyo eRoma ngokukuxelela nge-Piazza del Popolo. Zininzi ezinye ezimangalisayo esixekweni ezifana iNavona, esele siyikhankanye xa sidlula, okanye ISpain Squarenayo idume kakhulu.
Kodwa sikhethe iPopolo kuba ibisoloko ithathwa njengeyona umnyango waseRoma. Eli gama lafumana eli gama ngenxa yokuba kwaphuma i VI-Flaminia, eyayidibanisa isixeko saseLatin kunye neYurophu iphela. Ngumhlaba omkhulu ojikelezayo osembindini wawo omkhulu obelisk. Ngokulandelayo, kwiimbombo zone zoku kukho iingonyama ezininzi emilonyeni yazo kuphuma amanzi awela echibini. Le mithombo ibangelwa UGiuseppe Valadier owaphenjelelwa ngabantu abadala Giacomo Della Porta.
Kodwa uphawu olukhulu lwesikwere yi I-Basilica yaseSanta Maria del Popolo, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwingcwaba leDomizi, apho wangcwatywa khona NguNero. Nangona kunjalo, yakhiwa kwakhona kwi-XV ngokulandela isitayile seRenaissance. Kodwa ukubonakala kwayo kwangoku kungenxa UGian Lorenzo Bernini, owayihlaziyayo kwiinkulungwane ezimbini kamva enikela ubungqina obucacileyo imbonakalo yebharoque. Kodwa, ukuba intle ngaphandle, isenamatye anqabileyo amaninzi ngaphakathi. Ihlala imizobo emibini ecaleni ICaravaggio, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaBernini ngokwakhe kunye nobuhle ilungu.
Kwakhona, kwisikwere kukho ezinye iicawa ezimbini. "Ngamawele" ka ISanta Maria eMontesanto kunye UMariya oNgcwele woMmangaliso. BakwaBaroque kunye noBernini bathatha inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kwabo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezi meko umdali wayekho UCarlo Rainaldi.
Ukuqukumbela, sikubonise ezinye ezona zikhumbuzo zibalulekileyo zaseRoma. Kodwa zininzi kakhulu kangangokuba, ngokungenakuthintelwa, sizishiye zininzi zisendleleni. Umzekelo, mangcwaba yesixeko, i I-Basilica yaseSan Clemente okanye Isikwere saseCampidoglio. Kwakhona, asizange sixoxe nge imimangaliso ye IVatican ngenxa yokuba, ngokungqongqo, asingabo abeSixeko saNaphakade, kodwa ngabesinye isizwe. Enoba yintoni na, awucingi ukuba iRoma izele bubuhle?