La Ikholamu yeTrajan okanye ikholamu yeTrajan, ebizwa ngokuba yiColonna Traiana ngesiTaliyane, ikwisixeko saseRome kwaye sesinye sezikhumbuzo ezibalulekile kutyelelo lwesixeko. Le kholamu inomtsalane kuninzi lweemitha zayo ezingama-30 ukuphakama kwaye ngenxa yokuba yonke ibaziwe ngemifanekiso enento yokwenza nembali yaseRoma.
Ulondolozo lwayo olulungileyo luyamangalisa xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba luqala ngonyaka we-113 uninzi lwamatye ezikhumbuzo kwisixeko saseRomaSiza kubona zonke iinkcukacha onokusinika zona. Alithandabuzeki elokuba sisiqwengana sembali kwaye zonke iimfihlo zayo kufuneka ziqondwe kakuhle ukuyixabisa kubuhle bayo.
Imbali yekholamu
Le kholamu ibiyi igunya loMlawuli uTrajan, yiyo loo nto igama layo. Ime kwinxalenye esemantla yeForam yaseRoma kwaye inokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-30 kunye neemitha ezisibhozo zomgangatho ehleli kuwo. Yenziwe ngamatye emabula aCarrara, aneebhloko ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezine. I-frieze iyonke inobude beemitha ezingama-200 kwaye ijika ikholamu amaxesha angama-23 ewonke. Ngaphakathi kukho izinyuko ezijikelezayo ezikhokelela encotsheni, apho kukho umbono. Phezulu kwakukho umfanekiso oqingqiweyo we-Emperor Trajan eyathi kamva yatshintshwa yaba ngumfanekiso kaSanta Peter.
Le kholamu yenzelwe iinjongo ezininzi. Omnye wabo wayenjalo bonisa ukuphakama kwentaba eyayitshatyalalisiwe yaza yafuduswa yaza yakha iQonga laseRoma. Enye yayikukugcina uthuthu lomlawuli kwaye eyokugqibela yayikukukhumbula ukoyisa kweDacia nguTrajan, naloo mlilo wawukrolwe ngemabhile.
Umbhalo wekholamu
Kwikholamu ungabona umbhalo onomdla ngokuba ngumzekelo wokubhalwa kwe-quadrata yamaRoma. Olu hlobo lokubhala lusebenzisa iimilo zejiyometri ezifana nesikwere okanye unxantathu. Kwimibhalo yesiLatini ithi into enje: 'I-senate kunye nabantu baseRoma, kumlawuli uCésar Nerva Trajan Augustus waseJamani Dácico, unyana kaThixo uNerva, upapa omkhulu, isigqeba seshumi elinesixhenxe, umlawuli ixesha lesithandathu, ummeli okwesihlandlo sesithandathu, utata welizwe, ukuba bonisa ukuphakama kwabo bafike entabeni kunye nendawo esele itshatyalalisiwe ngenxa yemisebenzi enje. ' Yile ndlela le njongo yokubonisa ukuphakama kwentaba apho ikholamu ikhoyo kwaye ngubani oyikhumbulayo eyaziwayo.
Uncedo olusisiseko lwekholamu
Elona candelo linomdla kwiKholamu kaTrajan ngokungathandabuzekiyo sisiseko sayo. Emva kweli bali libaliswa lilitye ngumsebenzi we Umlawuli uTrajan ukoyisa iDacia, yintoni namhlanje eyayiza kuba yiRomania neMoldova. Umlawuli wenza iimfazwe ukusuka kwi-101 ukuya kwi-106 ukoyisa lo mmandla, egaya amawaka amajoni kule njongo. Uloyiso lwe-Dacia luza nempahla enkulu yegolide, eyathi yenzela imisebenzi emikhulu, enje ngale kholamu okanye kwiforum enkulu. Ikholamu ilawula iforum kwaye kuyo ungabona lonke ibali elixeliwe ngamaRoma ngoloyiso lweDacia. Kwimifanekiso engama-55 eyahlukeneyo kunokwenzeka ukuba ubone ngokweenkcukacha amaDacian namaRoma esilwa, ethetha-thethana okanye esifa edabini. Ezi zinto zisisiseko zifundwe ngababhali-mbali ukuqonda ngcono iinkcukacha zeempahla zamaRoma, izixhobo zabo kunye neendlela zedabi. Uninzi lwezi zinto zisexesheni zinxityiwe kwaye kunzima ukwahlula iinkcukacha, kodwa iminyaka eli-1.900 XNUMX ikholamu ebimile kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, ngenxa yoko ulondolozo namandla ayo ayancomeka.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba le kholamu itsale umdla kunye nokufuna ukwazi kwabo bafuna ukwazi ngakumbi nge-Roman Empire. Amagcisa amaninzi azithoba ezantsi kwiibhaskithi ukusuka phezulu ukuze abone ukukhululeka kufutshane kwaye uwafunde. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kwifayile ye- Inkulungwane ye-XNUMX babebaninzi abagqibe kwelokuba baphinde baphendule Ngokutyabeka iifriji kunye neenkcukacha, ukuze namhlanje kugcinwe iziqwenga eziye zadlula kule minyaka kunye nongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ngelo xesha amagcisa ayengasebenzi ngokukhululekileyo kwimisebenzi yawo, kodwa afumana iikhomishini ezichazwe kakuhle zokudumisa abathengi abathile, njengo-Emperor Trajan ngokwakhe. Kungenxa yoko le nto umbono wembali kwikholamu kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo, njengoko wenziwa ngokwembono yomlawuli waseRoma. Ngokukodwa, yena ibonakala njengomntu ophambili kwizigcawu ezingama-58, apho kwaboniswa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumlawuli ozinikeleyo ukuya kwindoda enenkcubeko ngokucebisana nabacebisi bakhe. Wayengakhangeli nje kuphela umfanekiso kaTrajan emfazweni, kodwa umlawuli wayefuna ukukhunjulwa njengenye into, kungoko zonke ezo ndawo zikwikholamu. Nangona kunjalo, ukutolikwa komsebenzi kwahluka kakhulu, kuba ezinye iimbali-mlando zigcina ukuba yenziwe ngabasebenzi kubhabho, ngenxa yomahluko kwisitayile. Nokuba kungayintoni na, sinomdla kwinto endala enjalo apho kukho iinkcukacha ezininzi.