thetha nawe malunga izikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zaseSpain icinga ukwenza umzamo wokuqonda kunye nokudibanisa. Ngenxa yokuba ilizwe lethu lineenkulungwane ezininzi zembali eziye zakhokelela kwilifa lemveli elimangalisayo nelibanzi nelobugcisa.
AmaGrike, amaRoma, amaVisigoths, ama-Arabhu kunye nabanye abantu badlula kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia. Bonke bashiye ilifa elifanelekileyo ngendlela yezakhiwo kunye nenkcubeko. Ukusuka Asturias phezulu Andalusia kwaye isuka Extremadura phezulu IAragón, iindawo ezine zekhadinali zesizwe sethu zinezakhiwo ezifanelwe ukutyelela kwakho kwaye ziphakathi kwezona zihanjelwa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi lonke. Kodwa, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, siza kukubonisa ukhetho lwethu lwezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo eSpain.
IAlhambra yaseGranada
Intendelezo yeeNgonyama, kwiAlhambra eGranada
Ingqungquthela yomsebenzi wezakhiwo zaseAndalusi, iAlhambra ayisosikhumbuzo, kodwa liqela labo. Ngaphantsi kweli gama kubandakanywa i-citadel yama-Arabhu, iigadi ezintle, amabhotwe amadala kunye nekhaya leemonki kamva eliguqulelwe ekubeni yihostele yabakhenkethi.
Ungafikelela kwindawo ebiyelweyo ngeengcango ezininzi. Phakathi kwazo, ezo zeArms, ubulungisa, iwayini, imigangatho esixhenxe okanye iArrabal. Kwelinye icala, kwi-citadel Iinqaba zaseHomenaje kunye neVela. Kodwa apho imimangaliso yayo ephambili ikulindileyo kukuyo IMedina. Kukho amabhotwe apho amabini agqamayo. Lo usuka eComares Yakhiwa malunga nePatio de los Arrayanes ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngelixa iingonyama yayakhiwe malunga negadi engaziwa.
Ungabona kwakhona ifowuni intle, amagumbi asetyenziselwa ukwenza okusesikweni yaye, kwiNdawo Engaphelelanga, iintsalela zamanye amabhotwe amadala. Kwelinye icala, kunye negama Amagumbi ka-Emperor iqela lamagumbi akhiwe ngamaxesha UCarlos I. Nangona kunjalo, ziya kukhawuleza ziyeke ukusetyenziswa xa i- ibhotwe imiselwe uMlawuli.
Kwakhona kunyanzelekile kwi-Alhambra ukuba uhambe nge ukuhamba kweenqaba, leyo, njengoko igama layo libonisa, lithatha ukuba ubone iLos Picos, la Cautiva, las Infantas kunye ne-del Agua. Kodwa enye igugu elikhulu kule monumental complex yi Jikelele. Yindlu yasemaphandleni ejikelezwe zizitiya zokuhombisa kunye nemifuno esetyenziswa ngookumkani baseGranada njengendawo yokuhlala yokuphumla. Ikwavela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye, ngeenxa zonke kuyo, unokubona ezinye izakhiwo zexesha leNasrid. Phakathi kwabo, i Isitulo sikaMoor, la ichibi elaphukileyo okanye iintsalela ze Ibhotwe laseDar-al-Arusa.
I-La Sagrada Familia
ISagrada Familia, enye yezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zaseSpain
Olu lwakhiwo lwenkolo e-Barcelona ngumsebenzi wengqondo ye UAntonio gaudi. Kodwa ikwangumzekelo wokuba imisebenzi emikhulu inokwakhiwa ngesitayile somntu esizele yifantasy. Igama lakhe elipheleleyo ngu Ukuphulukana neTempile yoSapho olungcwele kwaye umakhi ongaqhelekanga waseCatalan waqalisa ukwakhiwa kwawo ngowe-1882.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ayikagqitywa okwangoku, kodwa yenye yezona zikhumbuzo ezityelelwa kakhulu eSpain. Ibonisa ubuninzi bokudala beGaudí kwaye ngoyena mdlali ubalaseleyo Ubume beCatalan modernist. Enyanisweni, idibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo zonke izimbo esele ziphuhlisiwe kude kube ngoko. Phakathi kwezi, i-neogothic, isazi sendalo okanye ijometri.
Itempile inesicwangciso somnqamlezo wesiLatini esine-naves ephakathi ezintlanu kunye ne-transept yezintathu. Ikwanayo ne-apse eneendawo zokuthandaza ezisixhenxe. Ngaphandle, ine-facades ezintathu, ezinikezelweyo ekuZalweni, kwiNtshukumo nakuzuko lukaYesu. Ngokunjalo, yakuba igqityiwe, iya kuba neenqaba ezilishumi elinesibhozo zizonke, phakathi kwazo eyasembindini iya kugqama, iphele ngedome yaye inobude obumalunga neemitha ezilikhulu elinamashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu.
Ngokuphathelele ingaphakathi layo, iSagrada Familia nayo iyamangalisa. Ubukrelekrele bukaGaudi budale indawo ephilayo ifana nehlathi, eneentsika ezimile okwesiqu somthi. Ngokwenxalenye yabo, ii-vaults zinembonakalo ye-hyperboloid kwaye iifestile zihanjiswa ngendlela evumela ukuba ukukhanya kwe-harmonic kunye nokuthambileyo kungene. Ngokunjalo, yonke into esetempileni inexabiso elingumfuziselo kwaye uGaudí wade wakhathalela ukuyila izinto zokuhombisa. Le yimeko yeepulpiti, i-confessionals okanye i-lecterns.
Ngamafutshane, iSagrada Familia iyamangalisa ngenxa ye-Antonio Gaudí enkulu. Ubume bayo obukhethekileyo kunye nobungangamsha bayo buyenza ibe yenye yezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo eSpain.
Iicathedrals, ezibalulekileyo phakathi kwezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zaseSpain
Icawe yecawa yaseBurgos
Zininzi kakhulu kwaye zinomtsalane iicathedrals eSpain kangangokuba asifuni kukuxelela nje enye, kodwa malunga nezininzi. Mhlawumbi eyona ihanjelwe kakhulu le iseville ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, ukongeza kubume bayo obumangalisayo. Phakathi kwazo, ukuba yenye yeecathedrals ezinkulu Gothic ehlabathini. Kodwa, mhlawumbi, ikwaphenjelelwa yinto yokuba nethandwayo igiralda. Le minaret yexesha lama-Arabhu yayiyeye-mosque yakudala yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye yayisetyenziswa njengenqaba yentsimbi yetempile. Kwakhona okukhuselweyo ukususela ngoko kuxabisekile Intendelezo yemithi yeOrange.
Kwakhona, ityelelwa kakhulu kwiCathedral yaseSantiago yaseCompostela, ngokuba yindawo yohambo ngezonqulo nokuba lilitye elinqabileyo lamaRoma. Yeyona ndlela iphambili kulwakhiwo, kodwa ikwabonisa iGothic, iRenaissance, iBaroque kunye nezinto zeNeoclassical. imimangaliso njenge I-facade ka-Obradoiro okanye I-Portico yozuko yenza le cathedral ibe ngumsebenzi okhethekileyo.
Kodwa asinakulibala malunga Burgos Cathedral, kunye nesimbo sayo seGothic yesiFrentshi. Ikwafumene uhlengahlengiso kamva. Kodwa ukuba inomtsalane ngaphandle, ayibangeli ncinane nangaphakathi. Ihlala amatye anqabileyo aqingqiweyo kunye nezakhiwo ezifana ne Izinyuko zegolide, i isibingelelo se-gothic yaseGil de Siloé okanye ezininzi amangcwaba phakathi kwayo kugqame i I-Cid. Ngokufanayo, i-original i-flycatcher, isakhiwo esicacileyo esivula umlomo waso xa i-chimes ikhala.
Besinokukuxelela ngezinye iicathedral ezintle eziphakathi kwezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zaseSpeyin. Umzekelo, eMurcia, omnye waseSalamanca o UAlmudena's eMadrid. Nangona kunjalo, sikhetha ukuqhubela phambili kwezinye izakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga ngokulinganayo.
I-mosque yaseCordoba
Umbono womoya weMosque yaseCordoba
Le yimeko yeMosque enomdla yaseCórdoba, nangona kunjalo, okwangoku I-Cathedral yokuNyuleka kweNenekazi lethu. Phantse kumashumi amabini anesine amawaka eemitha ezikwemitha, yayiyeyesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva kweMecca.
Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX kwaye, kunye neAlhambra, lelona litye lesikhumbuzo libaluleke kakhulu eligcinwe ukusuka Ubugcisa baseAndalusi. Noko ke, laphinda lahlaziywa izihlandlo eziliqela. Enyanisweni, ezinye iingcango zayo, njengaleyo ingaphakathi USanta Catalina luvuselelo. Yenye yezinto ezininzi ezenza umphandle wesakhiwo, apho inqaba yentsimbi kunye ne-minaret endala, iibhalkhoni ezinjengezo zisezantsi kwi-façade kunye neepatios ezifana nale iphezu kwendlu. imithi yeOrenji.
Le yokugqibela inemvelaphi yayo kwipatio yangasese ye-mosque yokuqala kwaye inemithombo efana neSanta María okanye iCinamomo kunye namaqula anje ngeAlmanzor. Ngokuphathelele ingaphakathi, idume kakhulu iholo ye-hypostyle, neentsika zalo neengqameko zalo. Kodwa kunye nesibingelelo se-Mannerist sendlu yecawa ephambili, indibano yekwayala okanye iicawa ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo, eyona yokwenyani, eyeSan Ambrosio, enye yaseVillaviciosa okanye enye yeNenekazi lethu leMimba.
IAlcázar de Segovia, inqaba phakathi kwezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zaseSpain
I-Alcazar ebalaseleyo yaseSegovia
Le nqaba imangalisayo yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yeyona ityelelwa kakhulu eSpain. Iphakamile phezu kwe intlambo ye-Eresma kwaye ilawula isixeko esiyimbali saseCastilian. Ookumkani abangamashumi amabini anesibini kunye nabanye abalinganiswa ababalulekileyo kwimbali baye badlula kuyo. Ikwangomnye weyona mizekelo ibalaseleyo yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yenqaba yasemkhosini ehlabathini.
Ngaphandle, i-Alcázar isasazwe kwintendelezo yaseHerrerian ene-moat, i-drawbridge kunye nendawo yokugcina, ebeka isicwangciso somgangatho wesikwere kunye neenqaba ezine. Kodwa eyona nto imangalisayo kukuba John II inqaba, kamva kunye neGothic, kunye nento ebizwa Ithala leMoor, ekunika umbono omangalisayo wePlaza de la Reina Victoria Eugenia.
Ngokuphathelele ngaphakathi, inqaba inamagumbi anomtsalane. i ye Ibhotwe elidala iphume iifestile zayo zombini, kunye neeplanga zayo; leyo ye Indawo yomlilo kwimifanekiso yakhe eqingqiweyo nezicamango zakhe; enye ye Itrone kuba izihlalo zayo zasebukhosini phantsi kophahla kunye naleyo ye igalari Ifumana eli gama ngenxa yesilingi yayo endala egciniweyo emile okwengca yenqanawa ejijekileyo. Igumbi lasebukhosini, i-chapel kunye namanye amagumbi afana negumbi leZikhali ligqibezela ingaphakathi le-Alcázar.
Ekugqibeleni, kwelinye lamacala omhlaba weparade, unokubona Imyuziyam yeKholeji yaseRoyal yeArtillery. Kwaye, njenge-anecdote, siya kukuxelela ukuba iifom zolu lwakhiwo ziyamangalisa kwaye zicebisa kangangokuba kuthiwa zasebenza njengomzekelo we Walt Disney kwinqaba yakho ICinderella. Akunjalo nje ukuba ifumana iindwendwe ezivela kwihlabathi lonke.
Ukuqukumbela, sikubonise ezinye izikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zaseSpain. Kodwa ngebesikuxelele ngezinye ezininzi. Umzekelo, abo benza i Asturian pre-Romanesque, ekhethekileyo kwisijikelezi-langa siphela. Okanye nobungangamsha Iholo yeqonga yaseRoma yaseMerida, eyakhiwe ngenkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC kwaye isasetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto. Okanye, ekugqibeleni, ubungangamsha I-Monastery yaseSan Lorenzo del Escorial, ilitye elinqabileyo leRenaissance elibizwa ngokuba yinto yesibhozo emangalisayo ehlabathini. Konke oku ngaphandle kokulibala abanye abafana I-Basilica yeNenekazi lethu leNtsika eSaragossa, kwi iindonga zeAvila okanye inqaba yeHercules eLa Coruña, esele imi iminyaka engamawaka amabini. Ngaba awucingi ukuba izikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zaseSpain ziyamangalisa?