Olona tyelelo lunika umdla onokulwenza eItali kukutyelela amabhodlo esixeko saseRoma iPompeii. Ngamava amnandi kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo aya kubeka kumxholo wemiboniso bhanyabhanya okanye uthotho lweTV ozibonileyo malunga nesi sixeko sidumileyo nesibuhlungu.
Ngoko namhlanje, kwi Actualidad Viajes, siza kubona okwenzeka ePompeii kunye nentaba-mlilo yaseVesuvius.
Pompeii
Pompeii yaba Isixeko saseRoma esikufuphi neNaples, kwiCampania yaseItali. Kufuphi kwakukho, kwaye kusekho, intaba-mlilo yaseVesuvius, umyili wale drama yembali eyathi nangona intlungu iye yasivumela ukuba sihlolisise indlela yokuphila yamaRoma.
INtaba iVesuvius yi stratovolcano ekumazantsi eItali. Ithandwa ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokuba ngo AD 79 yagqabhuka kwaye yayisisiganeko esibuhlungu nesitshabalalisayo. Kwakusekwindla kwaye intaba-mlilo yagqabhuka ngamandla. Ngaba wawubonile umboniso bhanyabhanya iVolcano, edlala noLinda Hamilton kunye noPierce Brossnan? Ngaba leya intaba-mlilo yakhupha ilifu elikhulu lothuthu namatye elaligubungele idolophu esentabeni? Yiloo nto kanye eyenzekayo ePompeii.
Kulinganiselwa ukuba IVesuvius ikhuphe amandla aphindwe kalikhulu lamawaka eebhombu zeathom awawela eHiroshima naseNagasaki., kunye nelifu lepyroplastic eladubula liphuma emlonyeni wakhe akaginyanga iPompeii kuphela kodwa neHerculaneum, esinye isixeko esingekude.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba abemi bazo zombini ezi zixeko bafikelela kwi-20 amawaka abantu kwaye kumabhodlo, agrunjwa kwiinkulungwane kamva, iintsalela zabantu be-1500 zafunyanwa. Kakade ke, inani lokwenyani lokufa alinakuze laziwe.
Inyaniso yeyokuba abemi basePompeii naseHerculaneum babeziqhelile iinyikima, enyanisweni, kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuba kubekho inyikima enamandla kakhulu, ngoko akukho nto yothusayo abantu balapha. Kodwa phakathi kwaloo nyikima kunye nogqabhuko-dubulo lweVesuvius yonke into yaphinda yakhiwa kwakhona, ngokutsho kwezinto zakudala eziye zakwazi ukufumanisa. Ide ithi ivolcano nantsi kwakhona.
Umsebenzi kwintaba-mlilo waqala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambili, kodwa xa yonke into yagqabhuka akwabikho sindiso. Okokuqala kwakukho a imvula yothuthu eyathatha malunga neeyure ezili-18, kangangokuba abemi abaninzi bakwazi ukusaba baza bathabatha eyona mpahla yabo yexabiso. Emva koko, ebusuku, umlomo wentaba-mlilo watshicela a ilifu lepyroplastic: ngokukhawuleza, ngothuthu namatye, ehamba ngokubulalayo kwaye ngendlela efunxayo phezu kwamasimi ajikelezileyo kunye nesixeko, ukuya elunxwemeni.
Ngosuku lwesibini intaba-mlilo yada yadamba, kodwa yayisele iwushiyile umhlaba otshileyo. Inokubalwa oko iqondo lobushushu lifikelele kuma-250º, libangela ukufa kwangoko nakubantu ababevalelwe ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana izidumbu ezitshileyo ezigqunywe kumaleko angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini entaba-mlilo. Naziphi na iimuvi ezijikelezayo zibonisa isiganeko esibuhlungu.
Inyaniso yileyo ugqabhuko-dubulo kukholelwa ukuba lwenzeka ekupheleni kukaOktobha nokuba, nangona eso sixeko satyelelwa nguMlawuli uTito waza wafumana iminikelo kwingxowa-mali yokumkani ukunceda amaxhoba, ayiphinda yakhiwe. Ngesixeko esingcwatywe ngesiqingatha, amasela afika kamva aza aqalisa ukuthabatha oko ayenokukufumana okuxabisekileyo okanye izinto ezikwizakhiwo. Ngokomzekelo, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yebhastile.
Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha isixeko saye salibala. Kwaye kwabakho nezinye iintaba-mlilo ezazifihla oko kuncinane okwakusabonwa ePompeii. Oku kwaba njalo de kwangowe-1592 xa umakhi wezakhiwo uDomenico Fontana wafumana inxalenye yodonga olunemizobo nemizobo. Wayesakha umjelo ongaphantsi komhlaba, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni angayipapashi into efunyenweyo.
Kamva abanye badibana namabhodlo kwaye kwakucingelwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba iPompeii yayifihlwe phantsi kwendawo eyayisaziwa ngokuba yiLa Civita. Kwenzeka into efanayo IHerculaneum, yafunyanwa kwakhona ngo-1738. Kwelinye icala, iPompeii yaqhubeka ibonakala xa amaFrentshi athimba iNaples phakathi kokuphela kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ukusukela ngoko kuye kwagrunjwa okuninzi kwaye ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifunyenweyo, imizimba etshisiweyo, umzekelo. YayinguGiuseppe Fiorelli owafumanisa, ngokomzekelo, indlela yokulondoloza le mizimba ngokuyitofa ngodaka. Ngokuhamba kwexesha i-plaster yatshintshwa yi-resin, ehlala ixesha elide kwaye ingonakalisi amathambo.
Ukugrumba ePompeii kwaqhubeka ukutyhubela inkulungwane yama-1980, kukho ithamsanqa elincinane okanye elikhulu, yaye kwafuneka basinde kwinyikima yowe-XNUMX. Namhlanje ukugrunjwa kusaqhubeka kodwa ubukhulu becala kugxininiswa ekulondolozweni kwamabhodlo, kungekhona ekugrunjweni okutsha. Nangona kunjalo izinto ezimangalisayo ziyaqhubeka zifumaneka: i-skeleton epheleleyo yenja, inqwelo yomkhosi eyenziwe ngobhedu, iijagi ze-ceramic kunye nengcwaba lekhoboka elikhululekile eligama linguMarcus Venerius Secundio.
Namhlanje amabhodlo asePompeii aliGugu leHlabathi kunye nobunye bobuncwane baseItali, obutyelelwa zizigidi zabantu ngonyaka.
Ndwendwela amabhodlo asePompeii
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, esi sixeko yifestile yembali yaseRoma ongayi kuphoswa yiyo ukuba uya kuhambo oluya eItali. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okwenzeka ePompeii kunye nentaba-mlilo yaseVesuvius, akukho foto okanye i-documentary enokuthi ithathe indawo yokutyelela umntu. Ungawathenga amatikiti kwi-Intanethi, kodwa khumbula ukuba ngeMigqibelo nangeeCawa ifumaneka kwi-Intanethi kuphela yaye inokufunyanwa ngosuku olunye ngaphambi kotyelelo.
- Iiyure zokuvula: ukusuka ngo-Epreli 1 ukuya ku-Oktobha 31 bavula ukusuka kwi-9 ekuseni ukuya kwi-7 pm, kunye nokungena kokugqibela ngo-5: 30 ntambama. Phakathi kukaNovemba woku-1 noMatshi 31 kuvulwa ngentsimbi yesi-9 kusasa ukuya kweyesi-5 malanga, kuvalwa ngentsimbi yesi-5 malanga kodwa ungangena kuphela ngentsimbi yesi-3:30 emva kwemini. Bavala nge-25 kaDisemba, ngoMeyi 1 nangoJanuwari 1.
- Amatikiti: Amabhodlo angangenwa ukusuka ePorta Marina, ukusuka ePiazza Anfiteatro nasePiazza Esedra. Ukuba ufuna ukutyelela iAntiquarium kungcono ungene ngePiazza Esedra.
- Amaxabiso: itikiti elipheleleyo lixabisa i-euro ezili-16. Ukuba ungena ngePorta Marina okanye ePiazza Esedra ungabhalisela isikhokelo, ukusuka ngo-9 kusasa ukuya ku-1 emva kwemini.
- Abanye: Usenokuthenga itikiti elidityanisiweyo elidibanisa iPompeii neNtaba iVesuvius okanye isixeko saseHerculaneum neMt. Ufikelela encotsheni yeVesuvius, emlonyeni wecrater, kwaye iimbono zeGulf of Naples ziyamangalisa.