Owona mlambo udumileyo emhlabeni ngokungathandabuzekiyo yi Umlambo umNayile. Ungandixeleli ukuba ayinayo i-halo enkulu imfihlakalo, umlingo, engangqongwe ngamabali amnandi, amayela eminyaka. Lo ngumNayile, umlambo ogama lakhe kuphela livusa umdla.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba unxulunyaniswe ngonaphakade namaYiputa kunye nempucuko yawo? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba sithi igama layo kunye nemifanekiso ivela kwindlela yayo emdaka, emdaka, ejikelezwe ziisanti zegolide kunye neetempile ezithetha ngabanye oothixo? Kungaba njalo, kodwa namhlanje kufuneka singene nzulu kwaye sifunde ngakumbi malunga noku umlambo omkhulu waseAfrika.
UMlambo umNayile
Ngowona mlambo mkhulu eAfrika y niwele amazwe alishumi Ukusuka kwilizwekazi lide lide lingene kumazantsi mpuma oLwandle lweMeditera. Kukwi-delta yayo enkulu netyebileyo apho iCairo neAlexandria zilele khona. UMlambo umNayile Imilinganiselo yeekhilomitha ezingama-6.853 XNUMX kwaye ke, ngasemva kweAmazon, ngowona mlambo wesibini mde emhlabeni.
Ukusuka kuphononongo olwahlukeneyo ILake Victoria ibonakala njengomthombo wayo wokuqalaKodwa ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba eli chibi linemilambo emininzi enobungakanani obukhulu. Phakathi kwabo, uMlambo iKagera ngowona ubalulekileyo. Kukho impikiswano malunga nalo mbandela, ngulo mlambo okanye omnye, ke ingxoxo ihlala ivulekile.
Inyani yile yokuba ngelixa ukwazi imvelaphi yayo kunzima, ukulandela ikhosi yayo akunzima kangako yakuba yenze imilo. Ishiya iLake Victoria eRipon Falls eUganda ize ibe yiVictoria Nile malunga neekhilomitha ezili-130 ide ifike kwiLake Kyoga. Inxalenye yokugqibela yomlambo, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-200, iqala kunxweme olusentshona lweli chibi, iqukuqela isiya ngasentshona, yenza ujikelo olukhulu ukuya emantla kamva ukufikelela ekuweni kweKaruma.
Ukusuka apho inqumla iiNgxangxasi iMurchison, ifike kwiLake Albert kwaye yenze i-delta. Emva kokushiya eli chibi umlambo unqumla iUganda kwaye waziwa njenge UmNayile Albert. Ifikelela kumazantsi eSudan, yahlangana noMlambo i-Achwa kwaye itshintshe igama layo kunye nombala amatyeli aliqela ngenxa yodongwe oluxhonywe emanzini alo. Ngapha koko yaziwa njenge UmNayile omhlophe Yale. Ke, ungena eSudan kwaye ahlangane ne- UMlambo iNayile.
Ukugqitha eSudan ikhosi yomlambo inomdla, ineengxangxasi ezintandathu kwaye yahlulwe ikhosi de ingene eLake Nasser, ubukhulu becala sele iphantsi kweflegi yase-Egypt. Kulapha, ngaphaya kwe- Aswan idama, kumda osemantla weli chibi, ukuba umNayile ubuyele kwikhondo lawo lembali, ujikwe kwelo damu linye. Okokugqibela, kumantla eCairo apho yahlulwe yangamasebe amabini angena kuLwandle lweMeditera. Isebe laseRosetta lisentshona kwaye iSebe laseDamietta ngasempuma lenza iNayile Delta.
Ukushwankathela, umNayile wenza iikhosi ezintathu eziphambili: iBlue Nile, iAtbara kunye ne-White Nile. Igama ngokwalo, iNayile, livela kwisiGrike Neilos okanye isiLatin UNilus, ekholelwa ukuba inengcambu yamaSemite ethetha intlambo okanye umlambo wentlambo. Kangangexesha elide into yokuba umlambo, ngokungafaniyo neminye imilambo, uqukuqela usuka emazantsi uye emantla kunye nezikhukula ngexesha elishushu lonyaka yayiyimfihlakalo kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, kodwa yile nto kanye eyavumela uphuhliso lweedolophu.
UmNayile kunye nembali
Emva kokucacisa ezi datha malunga noMlambo iNayile, inyani yile umphefumlo waseYiputa, ubuncinci ukusuka kwiYiputa yamandulo. Inqume, ikhokele, ubomi bala mazwe ukusukela kwiXesha leLitye. Ngokucacileyo, kunye notshintsho kwiplanethi yethu ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Impucuko yase-Egypt ibisisiseko. Umlambo udlula kwiibhanki zawo kabini ngonyaka kwaye ubeka intlenga apho eyenza uchume kakhulu. Apha amaYiputa amandulo ayelima ingqolowa, ipapyrus kunye nezinye iimbewu ibalulekile kuphuhliso lwabantu abajongene nendlala. Kwakhona, umlambo wawuyi unxibelelwano kunye nomjelo wezorhwebo kunye nabanye abantu, okwathi ngaxa lithile kwavelisa uzinzo kwezoqoqosho olwaluluncedo ekukhuleni kwabantu.
Ngaphandle kokutya, urhwebo kunye nonxibelelwano, umlambo umNayile wawukhethekile ngokomoya kumaYiputa. Kwakukholelwa ukuba uFaro, ulawulwa, kunye noHapis, izikhukula. Ngapha koko, umlambo wawuyindlela phakathi kobomi nobomi emva kokufa. Ngasempuma yayiyindawo yokuzalwa kunye nokukhula kwaye entshona yayikukufa.
Wonke amangcwaba, ngoko, asentshona yomNayile. ikhalenda yakudala yamaJiphutha ibisekwe kwimijikelo emithathu yomlambo, ixesha ngalinye elineenyanga ezine, linxulumene nokutyeba komhlaba, ukuhlwayela kunye nokuvuna.
Zeziphi izilwanyana kwaye zeziphi izityalo ezihlala eNayile? Kuxhomekeka kwindawo, unkcenkceshelo kunye nobungakanani bemvula. Kukho imvula yetropiki emlanjeni kwiindawo ezithile, kwaye oko kunye nobushushu buvelisa amahlathi ashinyeneyo ezahlukeneyo zemithi yetropiki kunye nezityalo ezifana neebhanana, ii-ebony, i-bamboo, okanye ikofu. Kukwakhona iisavana ezinotyani obugqithisileyo nobunqabileyo, zinemithi emide ephakathi kunye nengca enemifuno engapheliyo.
ESudan kuna ngaphezulu kwaye kukho amazwe akhukula kungoko kulapho i Ipapiri, bamboo omde, i-hyacinths yamanzi… Emantla emvula ina kancinci kwaye emva koko utyani lunqabile kwaye ngaxa lithile intlango iyazalwa, notyani olufayo emva kwemvula. Kwimeko yase-Yiphutha, uhlaza olukufuphi nomNayile phantse lubangelwe kukunkcenkceshela nokulima.
Ngokumalunga nezilwanyana zomNayile Zininzi iintlobo zeentlanzi Kuyo yonke inkqubo yomlambo: iperch, catfish, tiger fish. Inyani yile yokuba uninzi lweentlanzi zomlambo zibafuduki kodwa okoko kwakhiwa idama lase-Aswan ziye zanyamalala okanye zancipha.
Kwakhona kukho iingwenya, kuninzi lomNayile, nangona bengekafiki kumachibi akumantla omlambo umNayile. Phakathi kwezinye izirhubuluzi kukho amafudo, amacikilishe kunye neentlobo ezingama-30 ze iinyoka, isiqingatha sinetyhefu. Imvubu? Ngaphambili abantu babebaninzi kuwo wonke umlambo kodwa namhlanje ufumaneka kuphela emazantsi.
IJografi, imbali, izilwanyana nezityalo. Umlambo uchaphazela konke oku kwaye, umlambo uchaphazeleka zezi zinto ngokunjalo. Umntu, enyanisweni, uvelise mhlawumbi olona tshintsho lukhulu loMlambo iNayile kwimbali yawo: i Idama laseAswan. Idama lagqitywa ngo-1970, Ziziimitha ezingama-111 ukuphakama Ngokuphantse kube ziimitha ezine kunye nomthamo ongaphezulu kwesigidi se-44 seekhyubymitha. ILake Nasser yindawo yokugcina izilwanyana ezinamanzi ayi-169 yezigidi zezigidi zeekyubic metres.
Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwalufuna ukuba Indawo kwakhona yetempile yakudala ka-Abu Simbel, kwintlungu yokuba ngaphantsi kwamanzi ngonaphakade. Kananjalo iidolophu ezininzi kuye kwafuneka zifuduswe, zombini e-Egypt nase-Sudan. Ngolu lwakhiwo, okokuqala ezimbalini, amaJiphutha abenako ukulawula izikhukula zomlambo kunye nokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi awo.
Njengoko ubona, umlambo iNayile bubuncwane baseAfrika. Xa usiya eYiputa, musa ukulibala ukuthatha uhambo kubakhenkethi ngalo, kwiinqanawa zemveli okanye kuhambo ngenqanawa. Jonga iinkwenkwezi ezivela kumNayile, jonga kunxweme, iitempile, ilanga esibhakabhakeni. Yiva umzuzwana, entliziyweni yebali.