La IRiphabhlikhi yasePanama Lilizwe elincinane elikumazantsi oMntla Merika nakumantla oMzantsi Merika. Yaziwa kwihlabathi liphela ngomjelo wayo kwaye abahambi beza bevela kwihlabathi liphela ukuza kuyibona, kodwa inento eninzi enokunikezela.
Masifumanise namhlanje ku Actualidad Viajes, into onokuyibona ePanama… ngaphaya komjelo omkhulu.
IPanama
Njengoko besitshilo, indawo yayo iphakathi kweMelika. Abantu baseSpeyin bafika ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. kwaye umhlaba wawusele umiwe ngabantu bomthonyama abanyamalalayo ngenxa yezinambuzane eziziswe kwilizwekazi elidala. Yafumana inkululeko kwiSpeyin ngowe-1821. ukuba yinxalenye ye IRiphabhlikhi yeKholombiya enkulu, kunye neVenezuela, i-Ecuador kunye neNew Granada, kodwa kwiminyaka elishumi kamva elo lizwe lachithwa kwaye into ngoku eyiPanama yayishiywe phantsi kweflegi yaseColombia.
Akukho nto ihlala ixesha elide xa iUnited States inomdla wezoqoqosho okanye we-geopolitical, ngoko ngowe-1903 iPanama yahlukana neColombia ukuze kwakhiwe iPanama Canal, umsebenzi wobunjineli obalaseleyo owakhiwa phakathi ko-1904 no-1914. Kwakungekho kude kube yi-1999 ukuba amalungelo okutsho umjelo aya kuhlala ezandleni zePanama ngokupheleleyo, kunye nemali oku kuthetha ngayo.
Yintoni onokuyibona ePanama
Kakade ke, into yokuqala Canama Canal. Ingcamango yokuwela phakathi kweelwandle yayisoloko inomtsalane kwaye i-isthmus yayinokusetyenziswa. Esi siqwenga sendalo senziwe malunga nezigidi ezithathu zeminyaka eyadlulayo sivumela ukuwela izityalo nezilwanyana.
Uninzi lwabantu ababehamba kula mazwe ngaphambi kokuba amaSpanish awoyise kwaye aboyikise emahlathini okanye kwiziqithi ezikufuphi, ukuze bafe kamva ngenxa yezifo ababengenakuzikhusela kuzo, umzekelo, i-smallpox.
Ngoncedo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-United States, iPanama yakwazi ukuhlukana neColombia kwaye imisebenzi yomsele yaqala unyaka kamva. Umjelo wasePanama Ngumjelo owenziweyo oziikhilomitha ezingama-82 ubude odibanisa uLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki kunye nePasifiki. Idlula, inqumle, i-Isthmus yasePanama, isiqwenga somhlaba esimxinwa esidibanisa iCaribbean nePasifiki, sidibanisa amazwe aseMelika.
Ukwakha lo mjelo wawungumsebenzi wobunjineli, kodwa kwakufanelekile kuba iindleko zokuthutha elwandle, ukuba umzila wawufutshane, ubaluleke kakhulu. Kwaba njalo. Kwiminyaka yokwakha kwakukho intsebenziswano phakathi kwePanama, iUnited States neFransi. IFransi yayizamile ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kodwa yayiswele abatyali-mali ababethemba ukuba le projekthi yayinokusebenza, into eyathi iUnited States yakwazi ukuyisombulula kwiminyaka embalwa kamva.
Amasango omlambo okanye izitshixo, ezibekwe kwicala ngalinye, zivula kwaye zivale iinqanawa eziphakamisayo kwiLake laseGatun., ichibi elenziweyo elikwimitha engama-26 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Izikhephe ziphakanyiswa ukuya kweli chibi zize zithotywe kwelinye icala lomjelo. Amasango okuqala ayeziimitha ezingama-33 ububanzi, kodwa ngo-5 kunye no-2007 omnye umgca wamasango, owesithathu, wakhiwa njengokwandiswa.
Kunyaka wokuqala malunga newaka leenqanawa ezidlula apha, kodwa ngo-2012 sele ziphelele kwi-815 ngonyaka. Itotali yokudlula kulo mjelo unokuthatha malunga neeyure ezilishumi elinanye. Namhlanje abantu abanomdla banokuwazi lo mmangaliso womntu.
Kukho ifayile ye- Iziko leeNdwendwe leMiraflores nge Amathafa kunye nemibono ukuhlala ubukele iinqanawa zidlula kwaye ufunde ngembali yomjelo. kukho nokuba a imax ithiyetha kuhle ukubona icwecwe elimalunga naye elibaliswa ngumdlali weqonga uMorgan Freeman. Le ndawo yimizuzu eyi-15 kuphela ngemoto ukusuka kumbindi wePanama City, nangona kukho enye Iziko leeNdwendwe, eAgua Clara, eyeyezitshixo ezitsha ezazakhiwe apho, kwicala leAtlantiki. Eli ziko likude ngeyure.
Indawo ethandwayo yolwandle kunye nabathandi bolwandle yi Bocas del Toro. Iziqithi apha zintle kwaye zenza iparadesi yokwenyani nge Iingqaqa zekorale kunye neyantlukwano enkulu yenkcubeko, kunye ne-Afro-Caribbean airs. I-Bocas likhaya lamahlathi emvula, inkcubeko yeNgäbe kunye neNaso Tjerdi.
Iziqithi ezenza eli qela zezona ziqithi ziphambili IColon, kwiSiqithi saseBastimentos, enye yezona zinkulu kwilizwe, kwaye incinci isiqithi se-carenero. Emini ungahlala kwindalo kwaye uyonwabele, ngakumbi kwi-Isla Bastimentos National Park ukuba uyathanda ukusefa kunye nokuntywila, amachibi akhanyayo kunye nezidalwa zaselwandle, kwaye ebusuku, zilonwabele itheko.
Ufika njani apho? Ukusuka esixekweni unokuthatha inqwelomoya yemizuzu engama-45 ukuya e-Isla Colón, okanye unokuthatha imoto okanye ibhasi uye ePuerto Almirante eBocas del Toro, kodwa oko kuthatha iiyure ezilithoba zokuqhuba kunye nemizuzu engama-35 ngesikhephe okanye iyure kwaye isiqingatha sesikhephe.
Enye indawo ekuya kuyo IsiXeko sasePanama ngokwayo, neziko layo lembali elibuyiselweyo, i-Miraflores Visitor Centre, iSiqithi saseTaboga kunye nayo yonke into enokuthi inike isixeko sanamhlanje. Isixeko singaphakathi kwiphondo lasePanama, sijikelezwe ziziqithi zeSan Blas namanye amaphondo. Nantsi lapho iimyuziyam, iithiyetha, amaziko olonwabo, ungakhwela ibhayisekile kwaye ujonge i Ipaki yeNdalo yeMetropolitan, kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana ezimangalisayo...
Ukuba uthanda indalo yaseMbindi Melika, luluvo olulungileyo ukuhamba nje imizuzu engama-20 ukusuka kwiziko kwaye undwendwele Umzila wePipeline, umzila onqumla intliziyo yeSoberanía National Park kwaye ibonelela ngezona zilwanyana zasendle zahlukeneyo. Kwakhona, kude kancinane, ungandwendwela i iziqithi zeeperile, indawo yezityebi nabadumileyo: iziqithi ezimalunga nama-200 kunxweme lwePasifiki ezinolwandle oluphuphayo.
chiquiri Yenye indawo yokufikela etyelelwe kakhulu ngabakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe. Kukho iimayile kunye neemayile ze iilwandle ezingenabantu kwaye intle kunxweme lwePasifiki, iintaba kunye nentaba-mlilo yaseBaru, okuphela kwakhe kweli lizwe. Kukho amahlathi, amasimi eswekile kunye neengxangxasi. Kukho ilali ebizwa ngokuba yiBolquete, encinci kwaye inomtsalane, inomlambo kunye namasimi ekofu. Ekunene kwelinye icala yidolophu yaseVolcán kunye neBambito, eneehotele kunye neehostele.
Ungandwendwela Igophe leChiquiri amanzi alo akhuselwe njenge paki yesizwe, nge Iziqithi ze-25 kunye ne-19 ye-coral reefs. Ukuphonononga indawo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle zamahlengesi, iminenga kunye neefudo, indawo yokuqala yidolophu yaseBoca Chica. Ukuba uthanda ukuhamba ngoko ke Los Quetzales Trail, ukuyenza phakathi kwe-bamboos kunye namahlathi amafu. Unokufika kulo mmandla welizwe ngenqwelomoya usuka kwikomkhulu okanye kuhambo lweeyure ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe endleleni.
Kufuphi nePanama City Cochle, indawo yokonwabela indalo ngakumbi iindlela zokuhamba, iingxangxasi zokutyelela kunye neelwandle. iveraguas yaziwa ngokuba"Iperile phakathi kweelwandle ezimbini » kwaye yindawo yokonwabela zombini iiCaribbean kunye nePasifiki. I-Veraguas liphondo elineentaba kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Columbus Kananjalo inamanxweme achumileyo, kodwa yongeza iinkanunu, iinqaba kunye namabali abaphangi. Iphondo lifumana iindwendwe kwaye liziko lemisebenzi yezandla yasePanama. Kwelinye icala Abangcwele, iphondo elibekwe kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi "dry arc" yasePanama, eyenza ukuba umnini weentsuku ezinelanga kakhulu elizweni. Isembindini wePanama kwaye iyindibaniselwano yemveli kunye neyanamhlanje.
Herrera Lelona phondo lincinci lasePanama kuwo onke, umhlaba onobuhlobo osekupheleni kwe-Azuero peninsula, phakathi kweLos Santos neVeraguas. Inonxweme oluncinci kwiPasifiki kwaye izinikele kwezolimo. Uza kubona iimangrove zasePlaya El Agallito, kunye namawaka eentaka ezifudukayo, iSarigua National Park, indawo ye-11 yeminyaka yangaphambi kweColumbian, kunye nedolophu elikomkhulu, iChitre, okanye iOcú, ukuba ufuna ukuthatha iklasikhi. kwaye idumile umnqwazi panaman.
Ekugqibeleni, IGuna Yala, ingingqi yabantu bomthonyama ilawulwa liqela leGuna: ngumhlaba omxinwa kwicala leCaribbean kunye nechwebakazi leziqithi ezingama-365, nangona zingama-50 kuphela ahlala abantu. NgabaIziqithi zaseSan Blas, indawo ephezulu yokuya ePanama kwiilwandle zayo eziluhlaza.
Okokugqibela, xa sithetha ngabantu bomthonyama, enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo apha yileyo Embera-Wounaan, kwiphondo laseDarien, elingekude kwikomkhulu. Ezinye iilali zayo ungandwendwela xa ukhenketha. Njengoko ubona, iPanama ingaphezulu kakhulu kunomjelo. Yibanohambo olumnandi!