Ukuba kukho ilizwekazi elihloniphekileyo, yiAfrika. Ohloniphekileyo, kunye nobutyebi obuninzi kunye nembali eninzi, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, liphangiwe, lilibalekile. Ubunyani baseAfrika buhlala busibetha kwaye akukho mntu ubonakala ekhathalele ukufumana isisombululo esicacileyo.
Enyanisweni, into ebizwa Iphondo laseAfrika yenye yezona ndawo zihlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini. Abantu babulawa yindlala, apho umntu wabona ubomi kumawaka namawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.
uphondo lweAfrika
Ngummandla lowo Ibekwe kumlomo woLwandle oluBomvu kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya., kude noSingasiqithi weArabia. Yipeninsula enkulu ukuba namhlanje yahlulwe ngokwelizwe lamazwe amane: I-Ethiopia, i-Eritrea, i-Djibouti kunye ne-Somalia. Ibhaptizwe ngegama elithi "uphondo" ngenxa yokuba inonxantathu othile omile.
Imbali yezopolitiko yale nxalenye yelizwekazi ixakeke kakhulu, akukho rhulumente uzinzile wezopolitiko okanye wezoqoqosho kwaye oko kubangelwa ubukho bamazwe angaphandle, ngaphambi nanamhlanje. namhlanje, ngokuba Iyinxalenye yendlela yokuthwala ioyile. Intsikelelo okanye isiqalekiso.
Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba luluphi na ungquzulwano oluziswa ngendawo yayo enkulu kuyo kwimephu yehlabathi, inyaniso ikukuba imozulu ayincedi kwaye kuhlala kukho imbalela enkulu echaphazela kakubi ubomi be Abantu abazizigidi ezili-130 bahlala kwiphondo laseAfrika.
Imbali isixelela oko kulo mmandla welizwekazi laseAfrika uBukumkani buka-Aksum buphuhliswe phakathi kwenkulungwane yoku-XNUMX neyesi-XNUMX yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo.. Yayiyazi indlela yokugcina utshintshiselwano lwezorhwebo kunye neIndiya kunye neMeditera kwaye ngandlela thile yayiyindawo yokuhlangana phakathi kwamaRoma kunye nelizwekazi elikhulu nelityebileyo laseIndiya. Kamva, ngokuwa koBukhosi baseRoma nokusasazeka kobuSilamsi, ubukumkani, obathi ekugqibeleni baguqukela kubuKristu, baqalisa ukuwohloka.
Iingxaki kunye neengxaki zaziyimali eqhelekileyo apha. Kuqhelekile ukuthetha rhoqo Ethiopia xa kubhekiselwa kuphondo lweAfrika kwaye oku kungenxa yokuba ngaphezu kwama-80% abemi beli lizwe. Lilizwe lesibini elinabantu abaninzi e-Afrika, emva kweNigeria, kwaye kukho iingxaki zezopolitiko eziye zaphela kwimfazwe ngaphezu kweyodwa. Kwaye oko kongezwa kwiintlekele zemvelo eziqhelekileyo kulo mmandla.
Ngokwezoqoqosho, i-Ethiopia izinikele ekulimeni ikofu kwaye i-80% yokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe iwela kulo mthombo. I-Eritrea ngokusisiseko lilizwe elizinikele kwezolimo nemfuyo; I-Somalia ivelisa iibhanana kunye neenkomo kunye ne-Djibouti luqoqosho lwenkonzo.
Lo nyaka, 2022, irekhodwa kwiphondo laseAfrika eyona mbalela imbi kule minyaka ingamashumi amane idlulileyo. Ichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-15 kumazwe aliqela. Abanamanzi emva kwamaxesha amane emvula amabi kakhulu, kwaye ukuba imeko iyaqhubeka kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayingobantu abazizigidi ezili-15 kodwa abangama-20 abaza kuchaphazeleka yile meko.
Ukhenketho kwi-Horn ye-Afrika
Ukutyelela i-Horn ye-Afrika yinto enokwenzeka kwaye kukho ukhenketho oluya e-Ethiopia, eSomalia, e-Somaliland nase-Djibouti. ISomalia ibibekwe yodwa amashumi amabini eminyaka ngenxa yokungazinzi okukhulu kwezopolitiko, kodwa isavunyelwe ukuba iququzelele amaqela amancinci abakhenkethi kwikomkhulu. I-Somaliland ngummandla ongaziwayo lihlabathi liphela, ngaphandle kwento yokuba igcine inkululeko yede facto iminyaka engama-29. Ubumazi?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-Djibouti lelinye lawona mazwe mancinci kwaye aziwayo eAfrika, ezineentaba-mlilo ezileleyo, amachibi amahle namahlathi. Incinci kodwa intle, sinokuthi. Zombini i-Somaliland kunye ne-Djibouti zisekupheleni kwelizwekazi lase-Afrika, kumgama osuka kunxweme loLwandle oluBomvu.
Ngoko makhe sithethe ngeendlela zokuhamba. Enye kukuthatha ukhenketho lokubona indawo oluqala ngo Jibhuti ukufumanisa ubuhle be Lake Abbe, apho abahambi bachitha ubusuku kunxweme lweli chibi elinetyuwa elimanzi alo atshintsha umbala, kwaye lijikelezwe ngamatye amakhulu namangalisayo. Ukusuka apha uhambo luyaqhubeka Ichibi Assal, eyona ndawo iphantsi ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle eAfrika, apho ityiwa iqokelelwa khona. Kwaye ukusuka apho, uhambo luyaqhubeka ukufumanisa Indawo yokuhlala yaseOttoman eTadjourah ngaphaya konxweme.
Emva koko, uhambo luyaqhubeka ukunqumla intlango lusingise kwiindawo ezintle nezimangalisayo ze Somaliland, ilizwe elahluke kakhulu kwiSomalia eselumelwaneni. Ukuba uthanda ubugcisa bomqolomba, iLas Geel iya kukubetha ingqondo yakho. Incinci kakhulu eyaziwayo ehlabathini kwaye intle. Ukutyelela kwakhona izakhiwo zembali yoLwandle oluBomvu, kwi izibuko leberbera. Abemi beli lizwe banobuhlobo, banomnyango ovulekileyo, ukuze abahambi bajonge iimarike zaseHargeisa, iintaba zeSheikh…
I-Somaliland ikwindlela yayo, yasendle, ikhaya labantu abafudukayo yaye iye yatshintsha kancinane ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Kuyinyani ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu, kodwa ukuba ungumntu othanda iAfrika, yindawo engenakuphoswa kwindlela yakho. Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba kukho unyulo olukhululekileyo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu.
Kwelakhe icala, uhambo lokuya Somaliya igxile ekuchitheni iintsuku ezimbalwa Mogadishu, ikomkhulu nesona sixeko sikhulu elizweni. Ngaxa lithile, phakathi kweminyaka yee-70s neye-80, ngaphambi kwemfazwe yamakhaya eyaqhambuka ngowe-1991, esi sixeko sasigqalwa njengesona sixeko sibalaseleyo ehlabathini, sinezakhiwo zaso zakudala, amanxweme aso amahle, izibuko laso, umanyano phakathi kweAfrika neAfrika. EAsia… Ubizwa ngokuba ngu Iperile emhlophe yoLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya kwaye ungandwendwela ibhotwe likamongameli, ingcwaba laseJubek kwaye uthethe nabafundi baseyunivesithi abavela kwiDyunivesithi yaseJuba.
Enye indawo ekuyiwa kuyo ingaba IPuntland, ilizwe elaziwa ngokuba lizimele geqe eSomalia ekumntla-mpuma welizwe elizibiza ngokuba yiRiphabhlikhi yaseSomaliland esithethe ngayo ngaphambili. ePuntland okanye ePuntland yayiyinxalenye yeSomalia yaseItali ngexesha lobukoloniyali, kodwa ngo-1998, yenza isigqibo sokuzimela. Ewe imeko iyaphikisana, kodwa ukuba uyathanda i-adventure ungaya. Inonxweme olude noluhle, imozulu entle efudumeleyo kunye namanxweme amahle. Inokufikelela kwiNyoba ye-Aden kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya kwaye intle ukuhamba ngesikhephe kodwa... kukho abaphangi.
Kwaye uthini malunga Ethiopia? Kweli lizwe lihle, abahambi banokudibana IHarar, iNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi, kunye neengcuka zasendle kunye nezitrato ezindala, iMarike yeDire Dawa esebenza ngaphakathi kwesixeko esidala esibiyelweyo, kwaye kunjalo, ikomkhulu Addis Ababa.
Inyaniso yileyo namhlanje ungandwendwela i-Horn of Africa, wenze ukhenketho, uhlala ukhenketha kwaye ngononophelo. Ukhenketho olukhokelwayo lunemisebenzi yokhuseleko kwaye ndicinga ukuba awukwazi ukucinga ngenye indlela yokwazi le nxalenye ye-Afrika.