Enye yeesimboli zaseUnited States yi Isitatyu senkululeko. Iimuvi kunye nomabonwakude bakukhathalele oko kwaye nabani na oya eNew York ubandakanya utyelelo lwakhe kuhambo lwabakhenkethi. Ukuba akukho nto ingako uyaziyo ngaye, ndiza kukuxelela ukuba unebali elinika umdla, ngoko namhlanje siza kumazi.
Okokuqala, nangona sonke simazi njengoSitatimende seNkululeko, elona gama lilo Inkululeko ikhanyisa umhlaba.
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkululeko
Ikhona kwiLiberty Island, emazantsi eSiqithi saseManhattan, ecaleni komlambo we-Hudson River kwaye kungekude ne-Ellis Island eyaziwayo. Sisipho esivela kurhulumente waseFransi esiya kurhulumente wase-United States kwinkulungwane yokuqala yafumana inkululeko yelizwe lasentla.
IUnited States yafumana ukuzimela geqe kwiGreat Britain ngowe-1776 yaza emva koko yangena kwiMfazwe Yamakhaya, umzabalazo wangaphakathi owathi womisa ilizwe phakathi kowe-1861 no-1865. Ngelo xesha, umpolitiki ongumFrentshi kunye nommeli waseFransi uEduardo Laboulaye, usekela kunye nomphathi weRiphabhlikhi yesiThathu. wayenombono wokwenza nzulu ukusondelelana ne-United States ngokuyinika umfanekiso oqingqiweyo.
Umkroli okhethiweyo yayinguAlsatian Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, kwaye nangona umfanekiso kwakufuneka ulungile ngo-1876 hayi yonke into yayilula. IFransi yaya emfazweni kunye nePrussia, imfesane yaseMelika kumaJamani ayizange ihlale kakuhle, iRiphabhliki yesiThathu nayo yayineengxaki zangaphakathi, ubukhosi busongela ukubuya ... Kodwa nangona kunjalo, umdwebi waya e-United States ngo-1871 waza wakhetha encinci. Isiqithi apho umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wawumele ume khona, ukongeza ekuzibandakanyeni noMongameli Grant ngoko.
ngokucacileyo umfanekiso oqingqiweyo inempembelelo yobugcisa bamaGrike yaye namhlanje kujongwa ukuba umkroli waphefumlelwa nguthixokazi wamaGrike uHecate ukuba amnike iNkululeko ubuso nomfanekiso. Ezona mpawu zobuso ziphinde zaphakamisa imibuzo emininzi.Ingaba uyintombi yosozigidi ongumqambi u-Issac Singer, ingaba ngumama womkroli, okanye kukho amabhinqa aliqela kubuso bakudala? Yonke into inokwenzeka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi UBartholdi wayesebenze ekwakhiweni kweSuez Canal, eYiputa, kwaye Ndandisele ndinoyilo oluthile lwendlu yesibane eqingqiweyo engazange yamkelwe. Kuyabonakala ukuba ezinye zezo zinyukile kuyilo lwakhe lokuqala lomdlalo eNew York, uyilo apho wayishiya ngasemva ikepusi eqhelekileyo yaseFrigiya waza endaweni yayo wafaka isithsaba semitha yelanga.
Phakathi koorhulumente abahlukeneyo baye baseka oko iUnited States iya kwenza isiseko sesikhumbuzo kunye neFransi umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kunye nendibano elandelayo. Kodwa iingxaki zezoqoqosho zazisoloko zikho. EFransi, kwasekwa intlangano yokunyusa ingxowa-mali, umbutho owawusebenzisa zonke iindlela zokuqokelela imali, kwanaseUnited States.
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkululeko Inomathambo obhedu ayilwe yinjineli uGustave Eiffel, efanayo kwinqaba edumileyo. Imisebenzi yaqala kwaye kwakulindeleke ukuba babe sele belungele ikhulu leminyaka, ngoJulayi 4, 1876, kodwa kwakukho ulibaziseko oluninzi yaye loo mhla kwakungenakwenzeka ukuwuhlonela..
Noko ke, ngokuthe ngcembe umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wakhula, yaye iinxalenye zawo zazinokutyelelwa kwiindawo zokusebenzela, kwaneefoto neepowusta, ukuze kuqokelelwe imali yokukhawulezisa ukugqitywa komsebenzi. Enyanisweni, abo babekho kuMboniso Wehlabathi Lonke owawuseParis ngowe-1878 bakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi entloko baze banyukele kweso sithsaba ngezinyuko eziziimitha ezingama-43 ukuphakama. Intloko yabekwa kwiNsimu edumileyo yaseMars.
Yaye ngelo xesha kwakusenzeka ntoni eUnited States? Isiseko sesikhumbuzo sashukuma ngokucotha kwenkumba. A) Ewe, usomashishini weendaba uJoseph Pulitzer uphehlelele iphulo elikhulu lentengiso kwiphephandaba lakhe, ukukhuthaza iminikelo kwi-troche kunye ne-moche. Ngo-1884 ilitye lesiseko lesiseko lalibekwe, nangona kunjalo yonke yagqitywa kuphela ngowe-1886.
EFransi umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wawusele ugqityiwe yaye abaninzi babewutyelele baza bawuthanda. Yathi ke yachithwa, yathunyelwa eRuen ngololiwe, ngenqanawa eSeine ukuya kwizibuko laseLe Havre, yafika eNew York ngoJuni 1886. Yahamba yachithwa ngamaqhekeza angama-350, kwiibhokisi ezingama-214. Idangatye kunye nengalo yasekunene yayisele ikwiMelika ngaphambili. Kwezinye iibhokisi kwakuhamba iibholiti, iirivets kunye namandongomane.
emva kweenyanga ezine iSitatimende seNkululeko sasisele sidityanisiwe kwaye savulwa phambi koMongameli uCleveland, iindwendwe ezikhethekileyo nezinomdla. IFransi yayimelwe nguSekela Mongameli weSenethi yaseFransi, iiDesmons. Lo mfanekiso wawungekalungeli ikhulu leminyaka de kwasemva kweminyaka elishumi, kodwa wawusele ufikile ekugqibeleni.
Ngexesha elithile kubukho balo umfanekiso yasebenza njengendlu yesibane yaseNew York, phakathi kwendibano yayo kunye no-1902 ngokuchanekileyo. Ukukhanya kwayo kwakunokubonwa kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-39 kwaye yayinejenereyitha yombane efakwe ngokukodwa esiqithini ukuze isebenze. Kwaye ke, ngokuhambelana namaxesha, uMfanekiso weNkululeko Ibisenziwa uhlaziyo kwaye iphuculwa, ngakumbi ezombane.
isandla sibambene nombane kwafakwa ilifti ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, yalungiswa kwi-'30s, a Inkqubo yokufudumeza kule minyaka ilishumi ilandelayo kwaye ukuphuculwa kwezibane zentloko yemitha yelanga. Kwaye kunjalo, abaninzi ukubuyiselwa kolwakhiwo eyaqinisekisa ubomi obude besikhumbuzo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yenzeke kwi 80's, umzuzu apho itotshi yokuqala yathatyathelwa indawo, inamashiti egolide nezibane ezingakumbi. Uyakwazi ukubona itotshi endala kwimyuziyam yesikhumbuzo ngokwayo.
Kwaye ke, intsimbi endala yathatyathelwa indawo yintsimbi engatyiwa, ilifti endala ngentsha nokunye okuninzi. Ngaloo ndlela, yaphinda yavulwa ngoJulayi 5, 1986.
Uthetha ukuthini uMfanekiso weNkululeko?
Igama lakhe licikozele ngokwaneleyo. Inkululeko ngulo mfazi ugqwesileyo, umile, unxibe isiba kwaye uthweswe isithsaba isithsaba seencopho ezisixhenxe, ezimela amazwekazi asixhenxe neelwandle ezisixhenxe. Iifestile ezingama-25 zesithsaba zimele amatye anqabileyo omhlaba, isithsaba esikhumbuza eso sasetyenziswa nguthixo uHelios, iLanga kumaGrike. Esandleni sakhe sokunene uyaphakamisa isibane esikhanyisela ihlabathi, yaye kwisandla sakhe sasekhohlo unecwecwe elinomhla esatyikitywa ngawo isiBhengezo seNkululeko yaseUnited States.
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo uphakama kangangeemitha ezingama-46 kwaye ukuba sibala umphakamo ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kwincam yetotshi. Iimitha ezingama-93 zizonke. Ezinyaweni zakhe amanye amatyathanga aqhawukileyo afuzisela inkululeko engakumbi. Ekabani? Ewe, ukusuka eGreat Britain, ebekwe njengayo yonke iYurophu ukuya empuma, kulapho isikhumbuzo sijonge khona.
Ndwendwela uMfanekiso weNkululeko
Ukwenza utyelelo kufuneka thenga itikiti lesikhephe kwaye ucwangcise utyelelo. Inkampani yiStatue Cruises, ekuphela kwayo egunyazisiweyo ukuba ithathe abakhweli baye eziqithini, kwaye itikiti elifanayo likunika ukufikelela kwizikhephe, indawo ezingqongileyo, imyuziyam kunye nezikhokelo zomsindo. Isiqithi sase-Ellis kunye neSitatimende seNkululeko zifikeleleka kuphela ngezikhitshane ezisuka kwiindawo eziseMazantsi eManhattan naseNew Jersey.
I-Isla Libertad inepaki entle kunye nemyuziyam kwaye yeyona ilungileyo yokuthatha iifoto zesikhumbuzo kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. Imyuziyam eqingqiweyo inemiboniso emihle kwaye uya kubona itotshi yoqobo iboniswa. Ngenxalenye yayo, i-Ellis Island ivula ifestile kwimbali yokufudukela eMelika.