Los IMeya baye baba ngomnye wabantu ababalulekileyo nabanomdla kwihlabathi lamandulo. Kusasazwa kulo lonke elakuMbindi Merika, amawaka eminyaka bakhanya ngenkcubeko yabo kwabanye abantu nakwilizwe liphela.
Kodwa amaMaya ayenxiba njani? Njengokuba babenjalo? Zazikhangeleka njani? Sibonile into kwimizobo yethu kunye nemizobo nakwabanye abashiywe ngabakholoniyali baseSpain, kodwa ngokuchanekileyo, Yayiyintoni impahla yamaMaya?
Oodolophu
Njengoko besesitshilo, inkcubeko yamaMaya yayi Inkcubeko ye-mesoamerican ebaluleke kakhulu eyadlula ngaphezulu kwamawaka amabini eminyaka kwaye yaqaqamba ngokukhanya kwayo. Inamaxesha ahlukeneyo kuphuhliso lwayo, uninzi lwezixeko zayo zaye zayekwa zaza zadala imibuzo emininzi namhlanje. Emva kwexesha abantu baseSpain babeza kufika besusa uninzi lweyona nto iphambili kule nkcubeko, nokuba ngekrele okanye ngeBhayibhile.
Impucuko kaMaya yayiluluntu olwahlulwayo, kwakukho abantu abakhethekileyo kwaye kukho nabantu abaqhelekileyo nangona ngokuhamba kwexesha ubuhlalu bube bobuchwephesha ngakumbi kwaye ke ubunzima ngakumbi. Izixeko zedolophu zenza ubukhosi apho kwakukho amajoni, abalimi, abarhwebi, amakhoboka, abasebenzi, inkolo, izidwangube.
Ngaphezulu kwazo inkosi, yenqanaba lobuthixo. Indlalifa kwakufuneka ibe yindoda, yegazi layo, kwaye amandla aphumle kuphela ezandleni zowasetyhini ukuba bekungekho ndlalifa yendoda. Ukukhula kwendlalifa kwakukhatshwa zizithethe zokuqala kwaye emva koko kwakukho imibhiyozo emininzi.
Nangona kunjalo, I-90% yabemi yayiqhelekile kwaye kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga nazo zonke. Imfazwe yayiyinto yemihla ngemihla, ngenxa yezizathu zolawulo lwezixhobo zendalo kunye nokulawula iindlela zorhwebo. Ekugqibeleni, amaMeya ayenjalo izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezinkulu kunye nezibalo Kwaye nangona namhlanje sinokujongela phantsi imibingelelo yabantu, inyani kukuba le ndlela yayiqhelekile kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zakudala.
Ngokuchanekileyo kubugcisa bakhe kunye nebali lamaSpanish, nangalo lonke ixesha, esinokuthi sazi namhlanje banxibe njani ama Mayan.
Yayiyintoni impahla yama Mayan
Njengoko besesitshilo, uluntu lwaseMeya ibinye uluntu olwahlulwayo y indlela yakhe yokunxiba ibonakalise oko. Iiklasi ezibaluleke kakhulu zinxibe umgangatho ongcono kunye namalaphu anemibala ngakumbi, iintsiba ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye amatye anqabileyo, ngelixa abaqhelekileyo banxibe ngokomsebenzi abawenzayo.
Ukongeza, umsitho ngamnye wenkcubeko wawufuna isinxibo sawo, ke ayisiyiyo into yokuba kukho isinxibo esinye sakwaMaya kodwa siliqela. Impahla eyahlukileyo ixhomekeke kwitheko. Ngaloo ndlela, kwakukho iisuti zemfazwe, iimpahla zomdaniso, ukunxiba mihla le kunye nezemidlalo.
Ke, kwimigca ngokubanzi sineengubo ezigubungela iinyawo, ezinye ezinqeni, zomzimba kunye neengalo, intloko nobuso. Oodolophu Banxibe ufele, umqhaphu, uboya kunye nokuhombisa izihombiso zembewu, amathambo, amatye axabisekileyo kunye nemithi.
Masiqale nge abasebenzi. Abasebenzi banxibe iimpahla ezilula ezibavumela ukuba basebenze. Benze ntoni? Ngokusisiseko babenjalo mafama ke banxibe isiketi esifutshane, "ipati«, Ukuhamba ngokulula ebaleni, kwaye akukho nto kwi-torso. Umonde igubungele amalungu esini kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yonke into yayihonjiswa ngemibala, ngokokungcamla komniniyo. Kwelakhe icala abafazi banxibe isiketi eside kunye nehempe ebanzi ebizwa huipil.
I-huipil yagubungela amagxa abo kwaye babedla ngokuba nemibala. Bebenxibe iinyawo zabo Iimbadada ezazenziwe ngesikhumba se-deers kunye nezinye iintlobo zezikhumba. Ngubani onokuzihombisa ngezinto ezenziwe ngomthi okanye ngethambo. Iimbadada zabafazi zazibhityile kunamadoda. Ngelixa umlimi wayenxibe iimpahla ezifanelekileyo kwaye ingcibi yakhe yongeze umhombiso othile oxhonyiweyo, amakhoboka ayenxiba ngqo nje umbhinqo kwaye ehamba ngeenyawo. Ukuba babeyinyama yedini, babenikwa uhombiso oluthile.
Ukulula kwempahla yabasebenzi xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zokuhombisa zodidi oluphezulu lwamaMaya.. Abafazi beklasi ephezulu banxibe umbhinqo omde nobanzi, ubotshelelwe ngamalaphu anemibala esinqeni. Ngasentla babenxibe iihempe ezingenamikhono, iihempe ezihonjisiweyo, kwaye behonjiswe ngazo amatye anqabileyo. Ezintloko zabo babenxibe izigqubuthelo ezinamakhanda kwaye mhlawumbi neeperile, ii-tiaras, neerubhi. Ezinyaweni, iimbadada ezibhityileyo ezinamabhanti kunye namatye axabisekileyo kunye nezinye izinto zokuhombisa. Iikepusi zoboya bezingalahlekanga nazo.
Kodwa bayithathaphi imibala? Oodolophu basebenzise ii-pigment zendalo, idayi yemifuno, ukudaya iimpahla zakho zelaphu. Imibala eye yaphumelela kakhulu yayiye ephuzi kunye luhlaza: tyheli imele umbala wenyoka, umbona kunye nezinto ezivela kuwo, kwaye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yayingumbala woothixo kunye namanzi. Impahla kaMayan yayimangalisa kwaye yonke into eyolukiweyo yathathwa njengesipho esivela kwisithixokazi seNyanga, i-Ixchel. Abasetyhini emva koko babengamajikijiko kunye nabaluki bebalaphu ngokugqwesa.
Ngoku, Izambatho ziya kuthatha inkangeleko eyahlukileyo xa kusenziwa umsitho okanye isithethe. Amasiko ajikeleze ngokucela uncedo koothixo, izivuno ezilungileyo, umzekelo, kwaye zenziwa rhoqo ngokomjikelo wenyanga. Ngezi zihlandlo iimpahla zazikhona ukubetha ngakumbi kwaye la yayingamaxesha okuba amandla eentsapho abonakaliswe ngempahla.
Kulapho i iintsiba ezimibalabala, egqibelele amatye anqabileyo, ezona mpahla zintle kuzo zonke. Izambatho zababingeleli zazibandakanya umsila ogcwele iintsiba, izihombiso ezenza ingxolo xa zihamba (izacholo, iradling), iintonga, kunye nomfanekiso wawusoyikisa. Khawufane ucinge xa unomntu onxibe ngolu hlobo ephethe imela esandleni sakhe malunga nokukhupha intliziyo yakho ... Hayi indlela eyoyikisa ngayo!
Eyokugqibela kodwa engancinananga, imizobo yomzimba babeyinxalenye yengubo. Bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini bapeyinta imizimba yabo nobuso. Abasetyhini bakhetha ukupeyinta ubuso babo kwaye amadoda nawo ongeze amalungu omzimba.
Amadoda, umzekelo, azipeyinta ezimnyama ade atshate. Ubugcisa emzimbeni babungu-ephemeral kwaye babungasacaciswanga ngokweendidi zentlalo. Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-elite enokupeyinta imizimba yabo, nangona kuyinyani ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizihlandlo zasesidlangalaleni imigaqo.