Enye yeemyuziyam ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ezityelelwe kakhulu kwihlabathi yi IMyuziyam kaZwelonke yePrado, eMadrid. Awungekhe uhambe kuhambo oluya kwikomkhulu laseSpain kwaye ungathathi ukhenketho kule myuziyam inkulu, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo, ukuba ayisiyiyo eyona ibalulekileyo, ngokwemiqathango ipeyinti yaseYurophu.
Inamawaka ezinto, kubandakanywa imizobo, imizobo, iprints, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, izixhobo, iingqekembe, iimbasa, iincwadi, iimephu ... Sicinga ngoko malunga nokuqokelela kwayo okumangalisayo, namhlanje siya kubona ukuba bona kwiMyuziyam yasePrado ukuthatha ithuba lotyelelo.
Imyuziyam yasePrado
Imyuziyam isebenza kwisakhiwo esihle kakhulu yayakhiwe ekuqaleni ukuba ibeyiNdlu yobukhosi yeKhabhinethi yezeMbali yeNdalo, ngamaxesha kaKumkani uCarlos III noCarlos IV. Ngaphambi kokuba ikwazi ukusebenza, iSpain yahlaselwa yiFransi kwaye emva kweMfazwe ye-Independence yonke into entsha eyayinayo yashiywa ingamabhodlo. Kuphela kamva, ngexesha likaFernando VII no-Isabel de Braganza, umsebenzi wokulungisa waqala.
Ngaloo ndlela, ngowe-1819, iRoyal Museum of Paintings yazalwa, iphefumlelwe yiLouvre, ixhomekeke ngakumbi kwiLifa leMqhele. Iqhina nesithsaba liphelile kwi1868 xa uElizabeth II wasuswa esihlalweni kwaye isakhiwo kunye nengqokelela yaso yaba Asethi yeSizwe. Imyuziyam yaqanjwa ngokuba yiMyuziyam yeSizwe yePainting kunye neSculpture kude kube yi-1929, unyaka apho ekugqibeleni yafumana igama esazi ngalo: iMyuziyam yeSizwe yasePrado.
Ukusukela ngoko waqala ukutyebisa ingqokelela yakhe, evela kwezinye iimyuziyam ezichithiweyo, kumaziko oluntu kunye nabucala kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukusuka kwi-ambassade kunye noozakuzaku behlabathi liphela. Kodwa ithamsanqa lemyuziyam lihamba nelo lizwe: utyalo-mali oluncinci lwelizwe, iMfazwe yamakhaya, i-boom yabakhenkethi ecela umngeni kwizibonelelo zayo kunye nabanye. Sele kwinkulungwane yama-2005 imyuziyam yafumana inkxaso-mali kwaye imisebenzi phakathi kuka-2007 no-XNUMX yayinika indawo enkulu eyifaneleyo.
Yintoni onokuyibona kwiMyuziyam yasePrado
Sinokuqala ngemisebenzi ye Diego Velazquez Ngoko ingqokelela inkulu. Inkosi enkulu yaseSeville, enye yezona peyinti zibalaseleyo zaseSpain ngalo lonke ixesha, imelwe kakhulu apha.
Uphenjelelwa yi-Italian kunye ne-Flemish art, eyaziwa ngokungenzi imizobo emininzi okanye izifundo zokuqala, ubugcisa bakhe buyingqayizivele kwaye bunqabile ngexesha labo. Apha kwiMyuziyam yasePrado kufuneka ubone Las Meninas, Uloyiso lukaBacchus, uKrestu wabethelelwa emnqamlezweni, uLas Hilanderas, ukuzinikela eBreda okanye uApollo kwiForge yeVolcano. I-Las Meninas ngokungathandabuzekiyo i-masterpiece yakhe, umfanekiso we-Princess Margarita kunye neentombi zakhe ukuba, xa umntu esondela kwaye ebonakala engcono, ufumana ubunzima kuyo yonke indawo.
Francis Goya ibalulekile nalapha. UGoya, ovela kwilali ethobekileyo yaseAragonese, waba ngoyena mculi ubalulekileyo kwisizukulwana sakhe, nangona iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela wayichitha elubhacweni. Kodwa iPrado inemisebenzi yayo emininzi.
Unako landela indlela yakhe ukusuka ekuqaleni, imifanekiso yakhe edlamkileyo ukuya kamva, imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi. apha ungabona Intsapho kaCarlos IV, i-Naked Maja kunye ne-Clothed Maja, ngoMeyi 2 kunye ne-3, i-1808, i-Black Paintings. Lo msebenzi wokugqibela uyamangalisa, upeyintwe ngokuthe ngqo eludongeni lwendlu yakhe ngaphandle kweMadrid, ngasekupheleni kobomi bakhe, xa wayedangele ngabapolitiki kunye noluntu.
La ingqokelela ye Ubugcisa beFlemish, ephuma kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiBelgium neNetherlands kodwa ngelo xesha eyayiyinxalenye yoBukhosi baseAustro-Hungary, nayo imelwe kakuhle kakhulu. Enyanisweni, i-Prado inenye ye Iingqokelela ezigqwesileyo zobugcisa beFlemish ehlabathini.
Nantsi ingqokelela entle kakhulu iirubens kunye Hieronymus Bosch, van der Weyden okanye Rembrandt. Ngale ndlela, awungekhe uyiphose iBosch, uMyezo wezoNyolo zaseMhlabeni, ukwehla koMnqamlezo, nguRogier van der Weyden, nguPeter Paul Rubens, uZalo lweMilky Way kunye neeGrace eziThathu, kunye noRembrandt, uArtemis. Umyezo wolonwabo lwasemhlabeni umangalisa nje, ukhangeleka ngathi yintsomi yesayensi kwaye bathi inokuba ibe yimpembelelo ye-surrealism ka-Dalí.
La Ingqokelela yobugcisa baseTaliyane Ibalulekile. Amagcisa ase-Italiya ahlala engundoqo kwiiqoqo zasebukhosini zaseSpain. Masikhumbule ukuba uCarlos V wazisa uTiti evela eVenice enkundleni, okanye indlela uFelipe IV athumela ngayo uVelazquez eItali ukuba athenge imisebenzi yokwandisa ingqokelela yakhe. Impembelelo yale misebenzi yahlala kangangeenkulungwane yaye yaphembelela ubugcisa baseSpeyin.
Ngale ndlela, imisebenzi ongenakuyeka ukuyincoma Annunciation, de Fra Angelico, de IsiTiti, i Umfanekiso weEquestrian kaCarlos V kunye noVenus noAdonis, ukusuka Rafael, iSibhengezo, iShowa yegolide kunye noKwamkeleka eDanaë. Umzobo wamahashe uqhwaba izandla, ngumsebenzi wobugcisa.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sithethe ngemisinga eqhelekileyo, kodwa yeyiphi eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo esinokuyibona? Kulungile, imyuziyam inobuncwane kunye nezinye iigugu ezifihliweyo kananjalo. Ukuba uthanda ubugcisa kwaye unexesha, ungathandabuzi ukucinga UKristu ofileyo exhaswa sisithunywa sezulunguAntonella, IKhadikhadi, nguRaphael, ipeyintiwe malunga no-1513, UCharles IV nentsapho yakhe, nguGoya, i Umfanekiso kaPhilip II, ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX kunye yenziwe ngumfazi, uAnguissola, IsiTaliyane esithathwe eSpain nguDuke waseAlba njengenenekazi-elinde ukumkanikazi.
Umsebenzi wakhe wawusenziwa yindoda de kwangowe-1990! Phakathi kwamanye amagugu afihliweyo ungabona Ubuncwane beDolphin, uthotho izitya zokuhombisa ezaziswa nguPhilip V evela eVersailles. Yayikwisiseko esisezantsi semyuziyam ixesha elide, kodwa namhlanje inendawo yokuhlonipha kwiNkunzi yaseMntla yephiko leGoya, kwiSakhiwo saseVillanueva. Ezi ziqwenga zenziwe ngeglasi, isinyithi kunye namatye anqabileyo kwaye zintle kwaye zinobunewunewu.
Ukukhulelwa Okunyulu Ngumsebenzi osuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, egunyaziswe nguKumkani uCarlos III ukuba I-Tiepolo kwicawa yakhe eAranjuez, ngowe-1767. Apha iNtombi Enyulu uMariya ibonwa njengowesifazane owomeleleyo nongenabubhetyebhetye, onobuntu namandla. Ngokuchaseneyo nendlela edla ngokumelwa ngayo. Omnye umzobo omhle ngu Umfanekiso ka Josefa Manzanedo, eyenziwe nguRaimundo de Madrazo, evela kwintsapho yabaculi.
UMadrazo wayephuma kusapho olunezizukulwana ezine zabazobi, kwaye nangona ngaxa lithile imisebenzi yakhe yaphelelwa yifashoni, ikumgangatho ophezulu ngokwenene! Kwaye lo mfanekiso ngumzekelo: i-marchioness kunye ne-expatriate e-Paris, kunye neso sinxibo kunye nolo donga ngasemva, olugcwele iintyatyambo, luyamangalisa.
Ngokusisiseko, bhala phantsi le datha: Unokufumana imisebenzi ephambili nguTiti kunye noRubens phakathi kwamagumbi angama-25 kunye nama-29; ezo zeRenaissance phakathi kwamagumbi angama-49 kunye nama-58; abo base-El Greco naseVelázquez, phakathi kwe-8 ne-12; UGoya kunye neMizobo yakhe emnyama kumagumbi angama-32, angama-36 kunye nama-67.
Ulwazi olusebenzayo:
- Iiyure zokuvula: NgoMvulo ukuya ngoMgqibelo kuvulwa ngo-10 ekuseni ukuya ku-8pm. ngeeCawa, ngoJanuwari 1, Meyi 1 noDisemba 25, ukususela ngentsimbi ye-10 kusasa ukuya kweyesi-7 ngokuhlwa; NgoJanuwari 6 kunye noDisemba 24 kunye nama-31, ukususela ngo-10 ekuseni ukuya ku-2pm.
- Elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyelela kusemva kwemini. Cinga ngeeyure ezintathu zokuhamba.