Yintoni ongayibona kwi-ilavila ngosuku olunye

Iindonga zamaxesha aphakathi ze-ilavila luphawu lwesi sixeko sihlala ixesha elide eCastilian-Leonese. E-Spain, uninzi lwazo lwakhuliswa ngexesha le Reconquest, xa kwafuneka ukuba ikhusele ukubanjwa kotshaba kwaye yakuba igqityiwe, ukuhamba kwexesha kunye neziganeko kubangele abaninzi ukuba bawele emanxuweni kwaye abanye, ngethamsanqa, bakwazi ukugcinwa. kwaye ube ngumtsalane kubakhenkethi namhlanje.

Nangona kunjalo, i-Avila ingaphezulu kweendonga zayo. Indlu yecawa, iRoyal Monastery yaseSanto Tomás, iMyuziyam yaseSanta Teresa, icawe yaseSan Pedro ... Esi sixeko sibekwe iyure enesiqingatha ukusuka eMadrid sikulungele ukubaleka kwaye sifake imbali nenkcubeko. Yabhengezwa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi ngo-1985 yi-Unesco. Emva koko sithatha ukhenketho lokufumana ukuba sibone ntoni e-ilavila ngosuku olunye ngexesha lokubaleka ngokufutshane.

Njengeendonga zaso, iingcambu zedolophu zilele ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngexesha leReconquest. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha layo lokuphila laliphila ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX xa uSanta Teresa kaYesu wayiguqula yayindawo eyimfihlakalo kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ngokomoya eSpain. Masihambe, inyathelo ngenyathelo, sazi ezinye zeekona ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-ilavila.

Iindonga

Isimo apho iindonga ze-ilavila zakhiwe khona phakathi kwexesha eliphakathi kwaye ukubonakala kwayo kuhlala kungaphezulu okanye kungatshintshiyo ukususela ngelo xesha. Banomjikelezo omalunga neekhilomitha ezi-2,5 enezakhiwo ezingaphezu kwe-80 zeesilicled croellated kunye namasango aphambili ayi-9, kubandakanya i-arched El Alcázar, empuma.

Ukubathanda ukusuka ezantsi yinto engummangaliso kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba ujonge phezulu kubo kwaye uzive njengegorha lakudala, kuba kukho amacandelo amade anokugqunywa ngeenyawo.

Asizazi iinkcukacha zokwakhiwa kwayo malunga neendonga ze-ilavila, kwaye asazi namagama abantu abathathe inxaxheba kuyo, nangona kucingelwa ukuba amaKristu kunye neMudejars kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayasebenza.

Iindonga zikwimeko entle yokulondolozwa, kodwa ngenxa yoku, imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yolondolozo ibifuneka, ebisenzeka amaxesha ngamaxesha ukusukela oko kwakhiwa nakumaxesha akutshanje ukwenzela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwabakhenkethi kwenzeke. Iindonga ze-Avila zinokufikelelwa kwiindawo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: eyokuqala yiCasa de las Carnicería (ecaleni kwendawo yecawa enkulu), eyesibini yiPuerta del Alcázar kwaye eyesithathu yiPuerta del Puente (icandelo elifikelelekayo) omnye nomnye ngesiqalo sesine ePuerta del Carmen.

Ukufikelela kwiindonga ze-ilavila kunexabiso le-5 euro yokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kunye ne-3,5 euro yabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, olu tyelelo lusimahla ngooLwezibini.

Icawa yaseAvila

Ithathelwa ingqalelo njengecawa yokuqala yamaGoth eSpain, eyayakhiwe kumabhodlo etempile yangaphambili elandela indlela yenqaba yetempile, inkawu yayo yenye yeetyhubhu zodonga lwesixeko.

Iqale ukuphakama kwisitayile se-Romanesque malunga ne-XNUMXth century kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha yaba sisimbo seGothic, esiphela sigqityiwe malunga ne-XNUMXth century. I-Avila Cathedral inesicwangciso esinqamlezileyo sesi-Latin esenziwe zii-naves ezintathu, i-transept kunye ne-semicircular chevet eneetempile phakathi kweempundu.

Ngaphakathi kukho into ebukekayo eyenziwe ngu-Vasco de la Zarza kwisibingelelo secawa ephambili enemizobo kaJuan de Borgoña kunye noPedro de Berruguete enemifanekiso yobomi bukaKristu. I-sacristy kunye ne-cloister zezekhulu le-XNUMX kwaye zikwisimbo seGothic.

Kwisibingelelo secawe ephambili kukho ilitye elibukhali elibabazekayo elenziwa nguVasco de la Zarza ngemizobo kaPedro Berruguete noJuan de Borgoña enemifanekiso yobomi bukaYesu. I-cloister kunye ne-sacristy zikwisitayile seGothic senkulungwane ye-XNUMX.

Yabhengezwa njenge-Monument-Artistic Monument ngo-Okthobha u-1914. Ukuyindwendwela, ixabiso lokwamkelwa ngokubanzi li-euro ezingama-6, umhlala-phantsi nge-5,50 ye-euro kunye ne-4,50 euro.

I-Basilica yaseSan Vicente

Yeyona tempile ibalulekileyo yamaKatolika emva kweCathedral yaseAvila kunye neyona inkulu kwisitayile saseRoma esixekweni. Ngokwesiko, i-basilica yakhiwa kwindawo apho imizimba yabafeli-nkolo bobabini babekwa ngexesha lika-Diocletian.

Nguwo umzekelo omkhulu we-Romanesque e-Ávila ukuba ngobuninzi bayo kunye nefuthe langaphandle ngumzekelo owahlukileyo wobugcisa beSpanishi kule ndlela. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye kwaphela ngekhulu le-XNUMX. I-Basilica yaseSan Vicente inesicwangciso sesiLatin esine-naves ezintathu zamacandelo amathandathu kunye nengalo ethe nkqo. Ikwanokuchaphazeleka kokuba ne-Gothic clerestory kwicala le-naves.

Owona mfanekiso ubalaseleyo wase-Ávila wase-Romanesque ngamakomkhulu abhalwe kwimbali yecawa ephambili, i-portal yasentshona kunye ne-cenotaph yabangcwele apho kufel 'ukholo kwabangcwele uVicente, uCristeta noSabina kunxulumene. Igalari egadiweyo ye-Basilica yaseSan Vicente yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.

Ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwi-Basilica yaseSan Vicente yi-2,30 ye-euro ngelixa elincitshisiweyo liyi-2 euro. Utyelelo lusimahla ngeeCawa.

I-Convent kunye neMyuziyam yaseSanta Teresa

Isixeko sase-ilavila kunye nomfanekiso kaSanta Teresa de Jesús ziyahambelana. Unongendi nomlobi waseSpain wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX uthathwa njengomnye wabafundisi abakhulu bobuKristu obuyimfihlo. Icawa eyakha indibaniselwano kunye nomzi wozimakade waseKarmele, umyalelo osungulwe ngcwele, umi kwindawo yakhe yokuzalwa. Apha ngezantsi kukho imyuziyam yaseTeresian yangoku, ekuphela kwayo emhlabeni eya kufunda ngobomi bakhe, umsebenzi kunye nomyalezo.

Kuqhotyoshelwe kwicawa indlu yoonongendi yakhiwa. Ukusuka kwitempile sinokubona ubungangamsha bayo kunye nengaphakathi eliqhelekileyo lesimbo seKarmele. Ngaphakathi sifumana imisebenzi kaGregorio Fernández omkhulu njengoKristu ebotshelelwe kwikholam. Ngokuphathelele kwikhaya loonongendi, okwangoku yindawo yokuhlala yabahlali baseCarmelites kunye nehostele yabahambi ngezonqulo.

IHolo yaseKapa kunye nesikwere iMercado Chico

Isikwere iMercado Chico sesona sikwere siphambili sika-Avila, iziko le-nerve lesixeko. Kuyo sinokufumana iHolo yaseKapa kunye necawa yaseSan Juan Bautista. Imvelaphi yesikwere ibuyela esiphelweni ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMXth xa u-ilavila waqala ukuphinda azalise abantu ngelixa iingcambu zeHolo yeDolophu zafunyanwa ngamaxesha eeKumkani zamaKatolika., oyalele ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokubhiyozela iintlanganiso zeBhunga, ezazibanjelwe emnyango wecawe yase San San, nazo zidityanisiwe kwibala.

Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, isikwere iMercado Chico kunye neHolo yeDolophu zikwimeko yokuwohloka, ke iBhunga laqala iprojekthi yokubuyisela ukuphucula ukubonakala kwayo, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwisikwere esiqhelekileyo esinee-arcades. Embindini wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, iHolo yaseKapa yangoku yakhiwa ngokulandela isitayile sokwakha sase-Elizabethan.

Igadi yeSepharad

Ubukho boluntu lwamaJuda e-ilavila buqala ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngenkulungwane yokuqala, kunye namaKristu namaSilamsi. I-Avila yayijolise kubomi bobukrelekrele kunye bokomoya, apho isikolo esibalulekileyo seTalmud sakhula. Kwiminyaka engaphambi kokugxothwa, phantsi kolawulo lweeKumkani zamaKatolika, ialjama yase-Avila yayiyeyona inkulu kubukumkani baseCastile kwaye izindlu ezininzi zesikhungu zabelana ngendawo yasezidolophini kunye neetempile zezinye iinkolo.

Kumabala abekwe ngasemva kweConvent of the Incarnation, inani elikhulu lezinto zokungcwaba zamaYuda zafunyanwa ngo-2012 ngenxa yemisebenzi, abangcwaba abafileyo babo kwesi sithuba phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX.

Igadi yeSefarad ngumrhumo kubukho beSephardim kumaxesha aphakathi eSpain. Embindini wale gadi kukho induli yokungcwaba apho amathambo akhutshwe kumangcwaba agrunjelweyo abekwa khona. Indawo yangaphandle yokubonakalisa kunye nokonwabela imozulu elungileyo.

Ezi zezinye zeendawo onokuzibona eAvila ngosuku olunye. Nangona kunjalo, utyelelo oluneenkcukacha ngakumbi luya kusivumela ukuba sazi umphefumlo wale dolophu yaseCastilian-Leonese, nangona ezi ndawo zintandathu ziyindlela elungileyo yokuqala. Ukuba unexesha eliseleyo, ungaya kwiRoyal Monastery yaseSanto Tomás, i-Serrano Palace, iBracamonte Palace, iTorreón de los Guzmanes okanye iHumilladero Hermitage, phakathi kwezinye iindawo ezininzi e-Avila.