Iiphiramidi zaseYiputa zezinye zeemfihlelo ezinkulu zehlabathi. Ziyinto engakholelekiyo, ngakumbi xa umamele iithiyori eziye zalukwa kwaye ziqhubeka nokulukwa malunga nokwakhiwa kwazo, abakhi bazo kunye nomsebenzi wabo.
amangcwaba? Iibhetri ezinkulu? Itekhnoloji yangaphandle okanye umzamo nje onamandla angaphezu kwawomntu? Wena, ukuba yintoni ithiyori malunga indlela iiphiramidi zaseYiputa ezazakhiwe ngayo uyathetha?
Iiphiramidi zaseYiputa
Ukuba ukhangele ulwazi malunga neephiramidi, okokuqala uya kufumana ezininzi "zezemfundo", "ezisemthethweni" zedatha, ezibhekisela kuzo njenge. iicrypts zasebukhosini ezakhiwe ngooFaro yale mpucuko yamandulo ubuncinane ezimbalwa amawaka amathathu eminyaka ngaphambi kukaKristu.
Ewe, inyaniso kukuba abaninzi bayathandabuza olu lwazi, kwaye siyazi kakuhle ukuba i-academy ayithandi ukuzithandabuza, ngokuqinisekileyo uyivile le nguqulo izihlandlo eziliwaka. Iiphiramidi eneneni zikufutshane kakhulu kwisixeko saseCairo, iikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukuya emazantsi. Baphumle kunxweme lwasekhohlo loMnayile, ngokweenkolelo zamandulo, intshona yindawo yabafi yaye impuma yindawo yabaphilayo.
Kanye kunye neepiramidi kukho iqela elincinci le-necropolises yasebukhosini. I-Saqqara plateau yayibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-necropolises, kodwa Human Ngokungathandabuzekiyo yiyo esibizela yona namhlanje. Isemantla eSaqqara, kumaphandle ekomkhulu laseYiputa. Yithafa elinamatye ngaphezu kwentlambo yomNayile, kwaye iiphiramidi zikwiikhilomitha ezisibhozo nje ukusuka kuMlambo umNayile.
Basondele kakhulu, kodwa nangona kunjalo, abakhenkethi bayacetyiswa ukuba bangaqali i-adventure bodwa kwaye babhalisele ukhenketho okanye baqeshe iinkonzo zeteksi.
Zazakhiwe njani iiphiramidi
La Ingcaciso ye-orthodox ithi iiphiramidi zakhiwa ngexesha lokugqibela lokwakhiwa kweepiramidi, ezibandakanya iiphiramidi ezininzi kunezi zintathu sithetha ngazo namhlanje kwaye zezona zidumileyo, kwi-Fourth Dynasty, malunga nonyaka ka-2500 BC Ayisekho. yeephiramidi ezinyuliweyo kodwa ezigudileyo iindonga: iiphiramidi zeCheops, iKefren kunye neMicerino.
Ngaphandle kokunika iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo kubuchule bokwakha, Ziithiyori zonke phakathi kwabo lowo unokwamkelwa ngakumbi oku kulandelayo: kuqala abakhi bawenza athafa umhlaba olulwalwa, bemba imijelo yezandyondyo ukuze baphawule inqanaba, baze ngaloo ndlela benze imilo kwisiseko esithe tyaba nesithe tyaba ngokugqibeleleyo. Zalisa iigrooves kwagrunjwa igumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba y baqalisa ukwakha.
Amatye amakhulu nanzima aqhekezwa iikwari ezazisondelelene kakhulu, nabanye ababevela emazantsi obukumkani nabo bathuthwa, kusetyenziswa iinqanawa ezinkulu. Emva kwezo bloko bahamba nge-sledding ukuba ngomzamo omkhulu bazirhuqele kwindawo yabo yokugqibela. Konke kuhle kakhulu kodwa ...
Ngokucacileyo enye into kukucacisa ukwakhiwa kweephiramidi kwaye enye into kukubonisa ubungqina bokuba kwakunjalo ngenene. Ngaba yayizirempu okanye yayiyi-scaffolding okanye i-bleachers? Ngaba yayiyirempu eyakhula ngokuthe ngcembe ngobude? Ngaba yayiziindawo ezininzi ezithambekileyo?
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo izazinzulu ezivela kwi IYunivesithi yaseLiverpool kunye neFrench Institute of Oriental Archaeology babegrumba inkwali endala eHatnub baza bafika phezu kweentsalela zendlela ephahlwe zizinyuko ezibini ezinemingxuma yeepali. Oku kufunyaniswayo kunciphisa ibhalansi ekuthandeni imfundo, kodwa kufuneka kuthiwe i-alabaster, i-quarry yenziwe ngelo litye, ilula kunegranite apho iipiramidi zakhiwe khona, ngoko icacisa izinto kancinci kodwa izithunzi uselapha...
Yaye ngubani owasebenza ixesha elide kunye nomgudu ongaka? Kwaqala kwacingelwa ukuba amawaka amakhoboka, ngokucacileyo, kodwa kamva kwathiwa abakhi babengabakhululekileyo kwaye njengobungqina buvezwa ingcwaba labasebenzi elisandul’ ukufunyanwa kufutshane neephiramidi. Kwafunyanwa amathambo alishumi elinesibini ubunzulu obumalunga neemitha ezintathu kwaye oku kufunyanisiweyo kongezwa komnye owenzeka ngeminyaka yee-'70s xa ilali yabasebenzi yafunyanwa inamathambo eenkomo, amawaka, kunye neentlanzi.
Amangcwaba, amathambo omntu abonisa umsebenzi onzima, amawaka amathambo ezilwanyana ezithetha ngokutya kwabasebenzi abangamawaka ... zonke zidibene kwaye ngoko sinobungqina obuxhasayo. inguqulelo esemthethweni yokwakhiwa kweephiramidi zaseYiputa.
Ezinye iinguqulelo zendlela iiphiramidi ezazakhiwe ngayo
Phambi kwenguqulelo esemthethweni, leyo bayifundisayo kwifakhalthi nasezikolweni kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ubona kumaxwebhu, kukho abanye. Ukuba undibuza, kulungile, andinaziqinisekiso kwaye ndiyathanda ukuzibuza imibuzo. Kunzima ukucinga amawaka kunye namawaka abantu abasebenza iminyaka behambisa iibhloko ezinkulu zamatye, begulisa ubuso ukuya kwipolishi yale mihla... Andithi umntu akakwazi ukwenza izimanga, kodwa kutheni umntu engenakuzibuza ibingekho enye into?
Inyani yokuba sithetha ngeephiramidi sisiqalo esihle sokusenza imibuzo emitsha: Kukho iipiramidi emhlabeni wonke ukuze oko kunokuthetha ukuba ngexesha elithile kwakukho impucuko eqhelekileyo apho iipiramidi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwelinye icala, akukho zidumbu zifunyenwe ngaphakathi kweephiramidi kwaye uyilo lwangaphakathi lunqabile kakhulu. Kuyaziwa nokuba igama leCheops elafunyanwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX kwenye yeendonga zangaphakathi libhalwe ngumhloli wamaNgesi owakwaziyo ukungena.
Andazi, kunzima ukucinga ukuzinikela okungaka okanye ukugqibelela okuninzi kunye nezixhobo zelo xesha. Akwaziwa ukuba zakhiwe njani kwaye zafikelela njani ukugqibelela okunjalo ekusikeni nasekupholiseni ezi bloko zinkulu kwaye zinzima zegranite ebomvu. Yaye bawaphakamisa njani baze bawabeke phezu komnye? Okanye. Kwaye i iphiramidi ukusuka kwincam, laa mphezulu wegraniti eqinileyo ogqunywe ngentsimbi? Okanye.
Andicingi malunga nabaphambukeli, nangona ingcamango enomdla, kodwa ndiyakwazi ukucinga ulwazi oluthile oluzuzwe njengelifa kwimpucuko ethile yehlabathi eyalahleka kwixesha. Ngaba intsomi yeAtlantis iyakhala? Andazi ukuba lihamba ngelo gama, kodwa kutheni ungacingi ukuba ngaxa lithile bekukho impucuko ehambele phambili, mhlawumbi ingekho phambili njengeyethu kodwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ngetekhnoloji ekwaziyo ukwakha yonke into eye yehlela kuthi. iintsuku kwimo megalithic?
Kuba iiphiramidi ayizizo kuphela izakhiwo ezinkulu ehlabathini. Kwaye ukuba umntu uya kufumanisa i-cosmogonies yempucuko ezininzi kukho iziganeko ezininzi kunokungavumelani. Ndiyivile yonke into kwaye yonke into inomdla kum. uvile malunga ithiyori yokuba iPiramidi Enkulu luhlobo lweseli okanye ibhetri? Iqela labaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi ye-ITMO eSaint Petersburg, eRashiya, bakuqinisekisile oko phantsi kweemeko ezithile iPiramidi Enkulu iyakwazi ukugxininisa amandla ombane emagumbini ayo angaphakathi naphantsi kwesiseko.
Ukuba amaza onomathotholo asetyenziswa kwisakhiwo, kwaye ukuba ubude balo maza buhambelana nemilinganiselo yephiramidi, iphiramidi ngokwayo ngumjelo wemitha. Ubude be-200 ukuya kwi-600 yeemitha buhambelana nephiramidi kwaye aba baphandi, usebenzisa imodeli yemathematika, bakwazi ukulinganisa impendulo yesakhiwo kunye nokuba yiyiphi imilinganiselo amandla abonakaliswe okanye afunnwe ngexesha le-resonance.
Iithiyori ezininzi, iithiyori ezincinci, ngethemba lokuba ngenye imini siyazi ngokwenene ukuba ngubani owakha iiphiramidi, njani kwaye ngayiphi injongo. Kwinqaku ngalinye kula kukho iingcamango, zamandla amakhulu okanye amancinci, abukhali kunye nabachasayo, kodwa hayi indlela ebekuya kuba kuhle ngayo ukungabi namathandabuzo kunye nezibakala!