Enye yezona ndawo zidumileyo zabakhenkethi kwikomkhulu laseFransi ziiCatacombs zaseParis. Ukuba awoyiki ubunzulu kwaye uthanda imbali kwaye mhlawumbi i-gothic, olu lutyelelo ongenakuphoswa.
Namhlanje siza kubona zeziphi iicatacombs zaseParis, kodwa kwakhona ungandwendwela nini kwaye njani.
Amangcwaba aseParis
Amatonela madala kakhulu kwaye ubuyela emva kwixesha xa amaRoma ayehamba eParis. Ngabanye imigodi yekalika endalakodwa baba a amangcwaba aqhelekileyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kwemigodi kwashiya uthungelwano lwamatonela kunye namagumbi apho malunga nelo xesha yayimiselwe ukuba ibe yindawo yamangcwaba. Amangcwaba asekuhlaleni ngelo xesha lenkulungwane ye-1786 adilikile, ngoko ke uMhloli Jikelele we-Quarries wagqiba ngo-XNUMX ukuba angasetyenziselwa ukugcina izidumbu. Baqalisa ukuzisa khona izidumbu zamanye amangcwaba, zabafe ngenxa yesiphithiphithi esidlangalaleni nezigidi zamathambo awayesele kwezinye iindawo.
Kubekho igraffiti kula matonela ukusukela ngoko, kodwa sele isetyenziselwe ezinye izinto ngaphandle kokugcina abafileyo kunye neentsalela zabantu: indawo yokufihla intloko, ikhusi lokuchasa amaNazi, indawo yokuhlala yaseJamani, kwaye ewe, namhlanje, umkhenkethi. indawo ekuyiwa kuyo.
IiCatacombs zaseParis zihamba iimayile. Amathambo afakwe kwiindonga kwaye kwezinye iindawo unokubona amacwecwe kunye nezibingelelo ezineepitaphs ngesiLatini.Kwaye kwenziwa umbutho othile wokuhombisa, kwenziwa iintsika, amangcwaba kunye neecipo zomngcwabo. Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwamangcwaba, isiphithiphithi samathambo angenantsingiselo asele ashiywe kwaye aqala ukumila. izakhiwo ezinomdla kunye nesimbo saseYiputa, umzekelo, okanye iikholamu doric, steles okanye iindawo ezazibhaptizwe ngamagama afana nala Umthombo wamaSamariya okanye isibane seSepulchral.
Ngombono wokongeza ingqiqo yemfundo, u-Héricart de Thury, uMhloli Jikelele, wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe iikhabhathi ezimbini zohlobo lwemveli ukubonisa izinto ezinomdla, izinto ezinxulumene nemigodi kunye ne-pathology. Ekugqibeleni, imizekelo enxulumene nezifo zamathambo kunye nokuguqulwa kwabonakaliswa. Ukongeza, wayalela ukuba kubekwe, kwiigalari, amacwecwe anemibhalo yemibongo yenkolo eyenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukucamngca ngobomi nokufa ngexesha lokuhamba kwe-macabre.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iindawo ezingaphantsi zaseParis zazikwayingqwalasela yezifundo ezininzi nezahlukeneyo. Emva kokuvulwa kwayo, abaphandi ababini abavela kwiMyuziyam yesiFrentshi yeMbali yeNdalo bazinikele ekufundeni iintyatyambo ezinokukhula ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga, bafumanisa kwinkqubo yobukho beekhrastasiya kwimithombo engaphantsi komhlaba. de Thruy ude washiya isibini seentlanzi zegolide kuMthombo wamaSamariya ukuze abone ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni. Iintlanzi zasinda kodwa azizange zande zaza zaba ziimfama.
Nabo behla apha abafoti abangoovulindlela, uNadar ngomzekelo. Wazama iinyanga ezintathu kwaye wathatha iifoto usebenzisa isibane sokwenziwa. Ixesha lokuvezwa elifunekayo lalinde kakhulu kangangokuba kwafuneka asebenzise oonodoli ababelinganisa ukuba ngabasebenzi basemgodini. Iimvavanyo zolu hlobo zashiywa ngasemva, kodwa izifundo ziyaqhubeka namhlanje, ngeli xesha linikezelwe ekugcineni indawo.
Ngokusemthethweni, la mangcwaba angcwaliswa njengeOssuary kaMasipala waseParis ngoAprili 7, 1786 kwaye ngo-1809 avulelwa uluntu okokuqala. IiCatacombs zaseParis ngamanani: ziimitha ezingama-20 ubunzulu kwaye zinemigangatho emihlanu, kukho amanyathelo angama-131 okuhla kunye ne-112 ukuya phezulu, isiphaluka sigubungela i-1500 yeemitha, okwenza utyelelo lweyure enye. Indawo iyonke yi-11 lamawaka square metres.
Ndwendwela iiCatacombs zaseParis
Kwiikhilomitha ezingama-300 xa zizonke zetonela, yiloo khilomitha enesiqingatha kuphela evulekele uluntu. Y Bakhenkethwa ngesikhokelo kuba amanye amatonela aphantsi kakhulu okanye amxinwa okanye akhukuliswe lula. Ewe, unokuhamba ngokwakho, uhlala unesikhokelo somsindo. Yehla ngezinyuko ezijikelezayo kwaye i-adventure iqala. Kwabaninzi yinto ye-archaeology ngaphezu kwemfihlelo okanye uloyiko.
Eneneni, njengoko ujikeleza uze ubone amathambo, awunokwazi ukuzibamba uzibuza ngabo bonke abantu abafayo nabaphilayo okanye indlela abafa ngayo. Ukufunda ezinye iipleyiti zikhanyisa loo mabali, okanye ubuncinci kwi-provenance yamathambo. Ngaloo ndlela, ufumanisa ukuba abanye bavela eMangcwabeni aseSt-Jean kwaye bafakwe apha ngoSeptemba 1859. Ukuba ewe, ngaphandle kwamanye amathambo angama-aristocrat aseFransi, ukuphumla kuxhaphake kakhulu: amahlwempu kunye nezityebi, amasela kunye nobulungisa, amadoda, abafazi kunye nabantwana. Ngapha koko, ikamva lomntu wonke liyafana ncam.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokhenketho. ungadibana ne Imbali yejoloji ukusuka kwiikwari ezathi zasekwa kwiminyaka engama-45 yezigidi eyadlulayo ngesenzo solwandle olushushu, olwashiya ilimestone eyayixhatshazwa emigodini eyathi ekugqibeleni yaba ngamangcwaba angaphantsi komhlaba. Kukho iindwendwe ezinomdla kwi-geology, kukho abanye abanomdla ekufeni, i-gothic, i-macabre ...
Kuya kufuneka uyazi loo nto iqondo lobushushu kwicatacombs likwi-avareji ye-14 ºC kwaye iqhelekile imanzi kakhulu. Ukulinda kumasango etonela kudla ixesha elide, nasebusika, ngoko yiza nedyasi.
I-catacombs yenye yezona zinto zinomtsalane kakhulu esixekweni, ngoko ke ingcebiso yile wenze ugcino kwangethuba. Amaqela ngabantu abangama-20 kwaye kukho ithuba lokubhalisela umntu onentetho yezandla, abancinci. Abantwana abancinci abamkelekanga, kuphela ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-10 ubudala, kwaye ukhenketho luthatha phakathi kwemizuzu engama-45 kunye neyure enesiqingatha.
Ukuthenga itikiti kunye nexesha lotyelelo kufuneka undwendwele indawo esemthethweni yecatacombs kwaye unike iklik ekuthengeni itikiti. Ikukhokelela kwiwebhusayithi yeParis Museés Billetrie. Namhlanje kwixesha le-2022 itikiti lixabisa i-29, i-27 okanye i-euro ezi-5 ngokulandelelanayo. Ngamatikiti omzuzu wokugqibela ixabiso li-25 kunye ne-13 ye-euro. Ngalo lonke ixesha phakathi kwe-15 kaJuni kunye ne-30 kaSeptemba. Kwakhona ukusuka apha ungenza utyelelo kwi-intanethi.
I-catacombs ilawulwa liqela elifanayo elinyamekela i-Museé Carnavalet, ezinikele kwimbali yaseParis.