IMadrid inenethiwekhi yeminyuziyamu ephethwe ngumasipala lapho ungafunda khona ngomlando wedolobha, ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi, ithalente likaGoya noma isiko laseGibhithe lasendulo ngaphandle kokuchitha i-euro eyodwa futhi utshale izinsuku ezimbalwa ohambweni. Kwanele ukunikela ngesikhathi sethu esincane kubo ukuchitha usuku lokuzijabulisa nolwehlukile. Ungakwazi yini ukuhamba nathi?
Ithempeli likaDebod
Ithempeli likaDebod selibe ngesinye sezithonjana zaseMadrid. Ngaphakathi eminyuziyamu kamasipala kuyicala elihlukile ngoba lakhiwa ngekhulu lesibili leminyaka BC esifundeni saseNubian. Kuwo wonke ama-XNUMXth century le ndawo yayizoba indawo yezivakashi eyintandokazi yamakilasi aphezulu entshonalanga, iDebod ingenye yamathempeli ayejwayele ukuvakashelwa. Ama-postcards, imidwebo kanye nama-watercolors ngaleso sikhathi asikhombisa ukuthi kwakunjani ngaleso sikhathi kanye nokuwohloka okuqhubekayo okwakubhekana nakho ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leminyaka.
Ukuze kulawulwe ukuhamba kweNayile, ngo-1898 kwaqalwa idamu e-First Cataract. Lokhu nokuphakama kwawo emashumini eminyaka alandelayo kuzoba nemiphumela emikhulu ezindaweni zemivubukulo namathempeli amaNubian, amanye awo agcina ecwiliswe ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ithempeli lakwaDebod lingelokuqala ukuhlengwa ngehlobo lika-1960, yize kungezona zonke izinto zalo zokwakha ezazingatholakala. Amabhulokhi okuqala ezisekelo, izinsalela zethala kanye nomgwaqo wokungena kulahlekile. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-ashlars ayo afakwa e-Aswan e-Elephantine Island. Lapho bahlala iminyaka eyishumi nalabo bamanye amathempeli asindisiwe belinde ukuya endaweni yabo entsha.
Ngo-1964 uhulumeni waseSpain wacela ngokusemthethweni ithempeli laseGibhithe laseDebod njengomnikelo, waba nesandla emkhankasweni wokutakula izikhumbuzo zaseNubian kanye nomsebenzi wokuvubukula owamiswa phakathi kuka-1960 no-1965, ku-cataract yesibili. Ngo-1967 isicelo samukelwa futhi ngonyaka olandelayo ithempeli lanikezwa uMbuso WaseSpain. Ngale ndlela, iqembu laseSpain laya eGibhithe ukuyothatha ithempeli futhi phakathi kukaJuni 20 no-28, amabhokisi ayi-1350 aqukethe amatshe ethempeli afika eMadrid, abekwa ePrince Pio Mountain lapho ngaphambili ayetholakala khona yiNtaba Amabhalekisi. Lapho umsebenzi womhlangano usuphelile, umphakathi wakwazi ukuwuthola futhi wajabulela leli tshe eliyigugu lasendulo.
Ukungena ethempelini le-Debod kumahhala. Ngaphakathi isivakashi singathola ulwazi mayelana nezinganekwane nomphakathi waseGibhithe, kanye nezincazelo ezithakazelisayo mayelana nama-hieroglyphs. Esitezi esingenhla kunemodeli lapho ungabona khona wonke amathempeli ayeseNubia. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, kuyathandeka kakhulu.
Imyuziyamu Yomlando waseMadrid
Kutholakala kulokho okwakukhona iHospicio de San Fernando ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaFelipe V maphakathi neCalle de Fuencarral, iMadrid History Museum yakhiwa ngumdwebi uPedro de Ribera ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Umnyango omkhulu, obhekwa njengesinye sezibonelo ezinhle zeBaroque yaseSpain, uyamangaza kakhulu.
Ngo-1926 iSpanish Society of Friends of Art yanquma ukuhlela umbukiso ngeMadrid endala futhi isakhiwo sabuyiselwa kulo mcimbi nguMkhandlu Wedolobha. Lo mbukiso ube yimpumelelo kangangoba kuthathwe isinqumo sokuthi lezi zakhiwo zabelwe ukwakhiwa kweMuseum Museum eyavulwa ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu. Namuhla, i-History Museum ikhombisa izinto ezingaphezu kwezingu-60.000 ezihlobene nedolobha nezimpawu ezihluke kakhulu. Inamaqoqo wemibhalo, imidwebo, imidwebo, izithombe, amakhadi eposi, imidwebo yezithombe, izithombe ezibaziweyo, abalandeli, izinhlamvu zemali, izikhali, ifenisha, izindondo kanye nabakhandi begolide.
Phakathi kwezingcezu zayo ezimele kakhulu kukhona i-Allegory of the Villa de Madrid nguFrancisco de Goya, iqoqo lobumba likaBuen Retiro, iVirgin neSan Fernando nguLuca Giordano, isethi yendlu kaMesonero Romanos, ukuqoqwa kwemidwebo yezithombe nezithombe. izinto zomlando noma izinto ezivela kumhlangano wokusebenzela uGutiérrez Solana, phakathi kokunye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphakathi kweMadrid History Museum singathola nesonto elibamba uhlelo lwamasiko oluthakazelisa lapho amakhonsathi nezingqungquthela zigcwele khona.
Ngokungeniswa mahhala eMnyuziyamu Wezomlando WaseMadrid singabona ukwakhiwa kwenhlokodolobha yaseSpain kusuka ngaphambi komlando kuze kube sekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ngemidwebo yakhe, amamodeli, imidwebo, imidwebo yokudweba nemidwebo yobumba.
IMadrid Planetarium
Ukubuka isibhakabhaka nokumangala ngezinkanyezi kungenye yezinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu ezingenziwa eMadrid, ikakhulukazi uma sinentshiseko ngesayensi yezinkanyezi. Sivulwe ngonyaka we-1986, lesi sikhala sifuna ukusatshalaliswa kwesayensi nezinkanyezi phakathi komphakathi wayo yonke iminyaka. Ngalokhu, inezinhlobonhlobo zemibukiso, imisebenzi, izifundo, ukubukwa komphakathi kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa ejabulisa kakhulu neyenzelwa okuhle.
IMadrid Planetarium muva nje yethule isigaba esisha esibonakala ngokulungiswa kwezikhungo zayo, igumbi elisha lokuqagela, imyuziyamu entsha nokuqukethwe okusha okwengeze utshalomali lwama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-4,2, lapho iLa Caixa Foundation ibambe khona iqhaza.
Ukuvakashela imibukiso ye-Planetarium kumahhala, yize ukufinyelela ekuhlolweni kufanele ukhokhe ama-euro angu-3,60 kumuntu omdala ngamunye kanye no-1,65 euros wabantu abathathe umhlalaphansi nalabo abaneminyaka engaphansi kweshumi nane.
IHermitage yaseSan Antonio de la Florida
Ukunikezelwa kweSan Antonio de Padua, i-hermitage yaseSan Antonio yadilizwa futhi yakhiwa kwaze kwaba kathathu. Kuwo wonke ama-XNUMXth century, izinguquko zasemadolobheni zaphoqa eyokuqala (umsebenzi kaChurriguera) ukuthi idilizwe futhi kufakwe omunye (umsebenzi weSabatini) owawuzothathelwa indawo ngowesithathu, ocacile.
Ukwakhiwa kwesizinda sokugcina kubangelwe yimisebenzi yesigodlo esisha saseLa Florida, indawo enkulu esinyamalale manje ephethwe yiNkosi uCarlos IV eyanikeza le ndlu igama lesonto. Ngokomyalo wenkosi, umakhi wezakhiwo uFelipe Fontana wakha ithempeli elisha futhi uFrancisco de Goya walihlobisa ngemidwebo yakhe eyigugu.
Ukuqinisekisa ukongiwa kwemidwebo, lesi sakhiwo samenyezelwa njengeSikhumbuzo Sikazwelonke ngo-1905 kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngo-1928, kwamiswa indlu yesonto yamawele eduze kwaso ukudlulisa inkolo nokugcina okwakuyimnyuziyamu. Ngaleso sikhathi, isonto lokuqala labe selingunkulunkulu kaGoya ngoba ngo-1919 isidumbu sakhe sase sidluliselwe kuso sisuka eBordeaux (eFrance) lapho ashonela khona ngo-1828.
Ukuzinikela eSan Antonio osebeni lweManzanares kanye nokugujwa kohambo ezindaweni ezikuzungezile kuyenza ixhumane kakhulu nesiko elidumile ledolobha. Ukungena kwe-hermitage yeSan Antonio de la Florida kumahhala.
Ukuphrinta Kwamasipala - Ubuciko Bezincwadi
Ihhovisi likaMasipala Lokuphrinta - Ubuciko Bezincwadi lazalwa ngo-2011 ukuhlinzeka abantu bendawo nezivakashi ngokuthakazelisa kokuqukethwe kwamasiko okuxhumene nomlando wezincwadi nokuphrinta.
Iqoqo layo lakhiwe yizicucu ezingaphezu kuka-3.000 1913 zobuciko bemidwebo kusukela emakhulwini amabili eminyaka edlule. Phakathi kwengcebo yayo kukhona iPlaneta letterpress yomshini kusuka ngo-1789, ukukhiqizwa komshini wokunyathelisa wekhulu le-XNUMX, isisekelo sohlobo lweBauer noma umshini wokunyathelisa wango-XNUMX.
Ngo-2018 kulindeleke ukuthi izimali ze-Municipal Printing Office - Book Arts zizophindaphindeka ngezilishumi ngenxa yokuthengwa kwakamuva kweqoqo elibaluleke kakhulu lobuciko bezithombe: iqoqo le-Del Olmo & Vilas, elenziwe izingcezu ezingaphezu kuka-70.000 ezivela Ikhulu le-XNUMX kuze kube manje.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivakashi singacabanga eHhovisi Lokuphrinta Likamasipala ngomsebenzi wamasifundisane wokufundela lapho kunikezwa khona izinsizakalo zokubopha amabhuku., ukubuyiselwa kwamadokhumenti nokushicilelwa kokushicilelwe komkhandlu wedolobha laseMadrid kanye nombukiso waphakade, onesihloko esithi Umshini wokunyathelisa nencwadi: indaba. Ukungena kweHhovisi Lokuphrinta Likamasipala - Ubuciko Bezincwadi kumahhala