China, yizwe elaziwa njenge "Isigebenga seminyaka eyinkulungwane", yize igama layo lendabuko lingu zhong guo noma "izwe lesikhungo", ngoba umbono wawunokuthi bekuyizwe eliphakathi kakhulu emhlabeni, kusukela endaweni, kwezombusazwe, kwezomnotho nakwezamasiko.
Yize imingcele iye yahlukahluka emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, i-nucleus yayo emaphakathi ihlala ingaguquki, lapho ukuzalwa kwempucuko yamaShayina kwakhula khona: umcengezi woMfula iHuanghe, okwathi, ngenxa yezinsika zawo zamaloli, wathola ihlelo "Umhlaba ophuzi" o "Izwe eliphuzi".
Singakhuluma ngemininingwane engenakubalwa yaleli zwe elikhethekile, kepha kule ndatshana besifuna ukugxila emiqondweni emithathu (amasiko amaShayina):
- Iqhaza ebelibanjwa abesifazane kule mpucuko, eminyakeni edlule.
- Izingubo ezijwayelekile zezwe nezimpawu zalo.
- Imidlalo yendabuko yezwe lamaShayina.
Owesifazane
Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ezikhathini zomlando zakudala zaseChina, kwakubusa kulezo zingxenye ubukhazikhazi: izingane zamukela isibongo sikamama hhayi leso sikababa. Kwakungokwemvelo ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ungalazi igama likababa, kwakuyimininingwane engabalulekile. Yonke le "lungelo" yaphela ngesikhathi sobukhosi UZhou, kuphi owesifazane walahlekelwa imisebenzi yakhe eveleles. Kusukela lapho, kuze kube manje, ukuthunyelwa kwabesifazane eChina kwakuyikhaya lomndeni, futhi ngaphakathi kwalokhu, bekuhlala kubaluleke kakhulu.
Eminyakeni edlule, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abacebile abavela ezinhlakeni eziphakeme kakhulu zenhlalo, bakwazile ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukile ehlukile ngaphandle kwezindonga zendlu:
- Ngesikhathi sobukhosi I-Tang: kwakukhona abesifazane ababekwazi ukugibela amahhashi.
- Ngesikhathi sobukhosi Iculo ishosha nasekuqaleni kobukhosi yuanKwakunabesifazane ababekwazi ukuhamba bodwa ngezizathu zebhizinisi, futhi kwakukhona ngisho nendela laseTaoist elaphayona embonini kakotini.
Kodwa-ke, abadumile umkhuba wokubopha izinyawo zabesifazane, owanciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wabo, ngoba wabakhubaza ngemisebenzi eminingi. Yize singaziwa isizathu sokuvela kwalo mkhuba, kuthiwa bekungukuhlukanisa abesifazane baseChina kwabesifazane bakwamanye amazwe, kwazise laba bebethathwa njengabaphansi.
Kwakungenxa yokuvukela umbuso kwe- Ukusonga, nokuthi ukubhandishwa kwezinyawo kwakungavunyelwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunikezwa inkululeko eyengeziwe kwabesifazane.
Izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaProthestani, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, kukhethe ukwethulwa kwamantombazane ekufundiseni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, selokhu kwaqala ukubusa kweQembu lamaKhomanisi, lenze umzamo wokukhuthaza ukulingana phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane kepha ngaphandle kokulahla ezinye izinhlaka zemindeni zendabuko. Kungalesi sizathu, kungani nanamuhla, eminye imindeni ilahla amantombazane emakhaya ezintandane lapho ahlala kahle khona futhi kokunye, ayenziwa imikhuba engenabuntu.
Ingubo, isikhundla sakho emphakathini
AmaShayina, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abelokhu eyinikeza i- uphawu olukhethekile ezingutsheni zabo. Isibonelo: amaqhawe emibuso elwayo ayegqoka izimpaphe zezinyoni ezimbili ekhanda labo. Lokhu kufanekisela isibindi namandla eqhawe.
Enye yezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu ngengubo yendabuko yamaShayina ukuthi akuyona nje uphawu lwangaphandle lobukhazikhazi, kepha futhi inikezwe inani elithile elingokomfanekiso. Zonke izingxenye zale ngubo zixhumanisa amandla abalulekile azalwa kuwo.
Okusemqoka izinhlobo zezingubo zesiko lamaShayina Yilezi:
- El i-pie-fu, yakhiwe yizicucu ezimbili, ingubo efinyelela emadolweni nesiketi esifinyelela emaqakaleni.
- El ch'ang-p'ao noma isudi ende, esetshenziswa kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
- Futhi ekugcineni, i- shen i, okuyinhlanganisela yezimbili ezedlule.
Kulezi zingubo imibala emnyama ibusa ngaphezu kokukhanya, futhi zenziwe ngemifekethiso esebenza kahle enemibala ekhanyayo. Imibala ekhanyayo ishiyelwe nsuku zonke, ukusebenza, njll. AmaShayina hlanganisa eminye imibala nezinkathi zonyaka: oluhlaza lumele intwasahlobo; obomvu, ihlobo; okumhlophe, ekwindla nokumnyama, ubusika.
imidlalo yendabuko
Ukuzivocavoca kwendabuko kakhulu kwamaShayina yi 'wushu', esaziwa ngokuthi 'Kung Fu'. Lona ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokuzivocavoca umzimba Kwenziwa ngabantu baseChina izinkulungwane zeminyaka, futhi namuhla, umkhuba waso uqinisiwe.
Lo mdlalo uqukethe ukuhlasela nokunyakaza kokuzivikela usebenzisa amandla nokuqina. Kunezigaba ezimbili zayo:
- Azikho izikhali.
- Ngezikhali.
Lo mdlalo wesiko lasendulo nomlando wasungulwa futhi wakhiwa amaShayina, womabili njengokwelashwa, kwezokulwa kanye nomsebenzi okhiqizayo. Ngaphakathi kwe- 'wushu' Kunezigaba nezinhlobo ezehlukene nezikhali ezisetshenziswe kwezinye zazo isaber, umkhonto, inkemba, induku noma isiswebhu, phakathi kwabanye.
Siyabonga ku ubuhle bokunyakaza yalo mdlalo, i- 'wushu' weza futhi esiteji naseshashalazini lamaShayina, lapho i-acrobatics iyikhono elibonakala kakhulu.
Zonke izizwe zaseChina bezilokhu ziyithanda imidlalo ye-melee, ukulwa nokuba yikhono eliyinhloko elakhiwe yibo.
Uma uzovakashela izwe eliphuzi kungekudala noma unalo njengendawo oya kuyo esikhathini esizayo, manje uyazi ezinye zezici eziningi elinazo. Uma unentshisekelo kulezi zinhlobo zama-athikili lapho sethula khona imvelaphi yamasiko ahlukahlukene amanje, sazise esigabeni sokuphawula. Ngiyabonga!