Amadolobha amaningi amakhulu eminyaka awaziwa ngohlobo oluthile lwezakhiwo. Baphila emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka futhi mhlawumbe badlula ezimpini noma ezinkingeni zangaphakathi, ngakho-ke imigwaqo nezakhiwo zabo kuyisibonakaliso salokho kuphila okude.
Inhlokodolobha yase-United Kingdom ingenye yale mizi. Ngokudlula kwamakhulu eminyaka ILondon iqoqe izitayela ezahlukahlukene zokwakha futhi iyabonakala emphakathini, ezakhiweni ezizimele nakwezinye izikhungo noma emiklamweni yasemadolobheni. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi emashumini eminyaka amuva nje sekuyidolobha elinalo izakhiwo zanamuhla ezimangalisayo. ILondon ivuselelwe ngekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Mayelana nelondon
ILondon iyinhloko-dolobha yase-United Kingdom nenhliziyo yayo yezepolitiki, yamasiko nezomnotho. Ihlala osebeni loMfula iThames futhi ineminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ubudala. Yasungulwa ngamaRoma futhi ngibe negama laleso sikhathi ILondinium futhi indawo kwakunguRoman Britain.
Ngenkathi umbuso wamaRoma uwa lapha, okwenzeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu kwenzeka: izizwe zabezizwe zaqhubekela phambili edolobheni futhi a Ukuhlala kwe-Anglo-Saxon uthathe isimo. Yize behlaselwe ukuhlaselwa amaViking amaningana, iLondon ibingasoze iphinde yawa futhi izodlula ezikhathini zasendulo nezikhathi ezilandelanayo.
Ngale ndlela namhlanje sibona emigwaqweni yakhona ukuthi kunezibonelo ze izakhiwo ezahlukene: I-Medieval Renaissance, isiGeorgia futhi njengoba sishilo ngenhla, kusukela esikhathini esithile kuya kule ngxenye abaningi izibonelo zokwakhiwa kwesimanje okuhle kakhulu emhlabeni.
Izakhiwo zanamuhla eLondon
Izibonelo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu zokwakhiwa kwesimanje kunjalo esifundeni sezezimali. Sinefayela le- Isakhiwo sikaLloyd, the Millennium Dome, uMbhoshongo waseHeron, the IMillennium Bridge, the IShard London Bridge, IGherkin, lo I-London Eye, lo UMbhoshongo 42 futhi i Ihholo ledolobha laseLondon phakathi kwabanye. Ake sibheke okunye ngqo:
IGherkin
Igama langempela lalokhu isakhiwo sodumo london kungama-30 St Mary Ax. Kuyisakhiwo esiphakeme sokuhweba esifundeni sezezimali. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-2003 futhi kwaphela ngemuva konyaka. Inezitezi ezingama-41 futhi ingamamitha ayi-180 ukuphakama. Iphethe indawo yesakhiwo esinikezelwe kwezebhizinisi nezezimali esonakaliswe ekuhlaselweni kwe-IRA ngo-1992.
Kuyisakhiwo eyonga ugesi, inohlelo lokungenisa umoya ngokwemvelo nohlelo olusiza ukonga ukushisa namakhaza, kuya ngesizini.
IHeron Tower
Leli bhilidi Ingamamitha angu-230 ukuphakama sibonga insika yemitha engama-28. Ikona isakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eLondon. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-2007 kwaqedwa ngo-2011. Inendawo enkulu yokungena nokwamukela futhi kukhona i-aquarium enezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kwezingu-1200. Kuyi-aquarium yangasese enkulu kunazo zonke ezweni.
Kukhona futhi nendawo yokudlela ebha - esitezi sokuqala nasesitezi 38 kuya ku-40 indawo yokudlela ejwayelekile isibhakabhaka - ibha enezingqimba zangaphandle efinyelelwa ikheshi elibabazekayo, okungukuthi, okuthile okusobala.
UMbhoshongo 42
Es esinye sezakhiwo ezinde kunazo zonke eLondon futhi yakhelwa ukwakhiwa amahhovisi eWestminster National Bank. Yakhiwa eminyakeni yama-70s futhi yavulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1981. INdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II ikwenze nge-gala nakho konke. Ngabe Ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-183 futhi kuphela ngo-2009 iHeron Tower yadlula kuyo ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokubusa.
Kuyisakhiwo sehhovisi lezentengiso nendlunkulu yenkampani. Ngama-90's wahlaselwa i-IRA Idale umonakalo omkhulu kwadingeka ukuthi ibuyiselwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ihholo ledolobha laseLondon
Iyisihlalo sikahulumeni kamasipala futhi isogwini oluseningizimu yeThames. Ngabe umklamo ongajwayelekile elandela umqondo wokonga amandla ngokunciphisa ubuso besakhiwo uqobo. Akusebenzi, ngokwezifundo zakamuva.
Abanye abantu bafanisa iLondon City Hall neqanda noma ne imaskhi ye-darth vader, kusuka ku-Star Wars nangokunambitheka okuncane omunye umuntu naye wakubiza ngokuthi "isende lengilazi". Ucabangani? Mayelana nedizayini, ine- Indawo yokuhamba eyisiyingi eyi-500 metres kufana neGuggenhaim Museum eNew York esukela ezansi iye ekugcineni kwalesi Isakhiwo sezindaba eziyi-10.
Ine- indawo yokubuka kwesinye isikhathi esivulekele umphakathi, kepha njengoba ukhuphuka indlela yokuhamba ungabona ingaphakathi lesakhiwo nendawo ezungezile.
Isakhiwo sikaLloyd
Lesi sakhiwo sesimanje esifundeni sezezimali futhi ingenye yendlunkulu yeLloyd's Insurance House edumile. Yakhiwa ngawo-70s futhi yavulwa phakathi neminyaka yama-80, yaphinde yenziwa ngesandla seNdlovukazi.
Lesi sakhiwo sesimanje inamakheshi, izitebhisi, isiteshi sikagesi namapayipi ngaphandle, ngesitayela seCentre Pompidu¡ou eParis. Yakhiwe ngemibhoshongo emithathu emikhulu kanye nemibhoshongo emithathu yesevisi ezungeze isikhala esimaphakathi esingunxande.
Ihholo eliphakathi, i-atriumInophahla ophakeme wengilazi futhi kunezikhala ezivulekile nama-escalator yonke indawo. Kukala inani eliphelele le- Amamitha angu-88, inezitezi eziyi-14.
I-London Eye
Es isondo le-ferris eLondon, umbono wanamuhla wamasondo akudala akwaFerris esiwabona kwamanye amadolobha omhlaba. Kusosebeni oluseningizimu lomfula futhi kwaziwa nangokuthi iMillennium Wheel. Ingamamitha ayi-183 ukuphakama futhi inobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-120.
Isondo le-ferris yakhiwa ngo-1999 futhi kwakuyisondo elide kunawo wonke lakwaFerris emhlabeni kuze kube kwakhiwa uNanchang, kepha kusenjalo namanje ephakeme kakhulu eYurophu. Insimbi eningi, ikhebuli eningi namanye ama-gondola amahle abukeka njengezindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi.
Millennium Dome
Lapho kuqala ukugubha ukuqala kwenkulungwane yesithathu yeminyaka eLondon, lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa enhlonhlweni yaseGreenwich, eningizimu-mpumalanga yedolobha. Umbukiso ongaphakathi ugcine kwaze kwaba nguDisemba 2000.
Es enye yezindlu ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Simhlophe futhi sinemibhoshongo ephuzi eyi-12, eyodwa yenyanga ngayinye yonyaka noma eyodwa ngehora ngalinye lewashi, manje siseGreenwich. Idome Ingamamitha angu-52 ukuphakama phakathi nendawo futhi kwenziwa ingxenye nge i-fiberglass ukumelana nokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Shard
Kuyisakhiwo esinezitezi ezingama-95. Inokuncane okungaphezu kwe- 300 ukuphakama kwamamitha futhi yaqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1999 ukuba iqedwe ngo-2012 yakhelwe nguRenzo Piano.
Uye ukuma KuvunguzaKubukeka sengathi iphuma emfuleni, ingilazi eningi futhi ngokombono wami, ukubukeka okuntekenteke. Kuyisakhiwo esebenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla futhi phansi kwayo kunamahhovisi ebhizinisi, izindawo zokudlela, isikole samabhizinisi ngezikhathi ezithile, amahhovisi e-Al Jazeera eLondon, ihhotela, izindawo zokudlela nezindawo zokubuka.
IMillennium Bridge
Kuyinto a ukumiswa kwebhuloho labahamba ngezinyawo owela umfula iThames. Xhumanisa idolobha neBankside. Yenziwe ngezigaba ezintathu, ngasinye sinde isikhathi ngasinye, kuze kube sifinyelela ebhulohweni a ubude obuphelele bamamitha angama-325 kumiswe izintambo, eziyisishiyagalombili.