ENingizimu Melika kunezindawo eziningi ezihehayo zezivakashi futhi phakathi kwazo kukhona Bolivia. IPlurinational State yaseBolivia incane futhi icebile, emlandweni, emasikweni, ngobukhulu babantu bayo, ngesibindi sikamongameli wayo wamanje nokuthi kungani kungenjalo, nasezimfihlakalweni zemivubukulo.
Cishe amakhilomitha ayi-15 ukusuka eChibini iTiticaca elidumile ngamanxiwa e- I-Tiahuanaco noma iTiwanaku, indawo yokuvubukula emnyangweni weLa Paz. Okusele kwakhe ukwakhiwa kwe-megalithic kudonsela ukunaka kwabavubukuli, izivakashi, ukwazi futhi izazi zemfundiso yenkanyezi zasendulo ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bamatshe athile akha izakhiwo. Umuntu akanakucabanga ukuthi zibekwe kanjani endaweni yazo noma ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukubaza kwazo, eziningi zazo zilandelelwe ngokuphelele, njengokungathi ziyahlangana.
Tiahuanaco
Ngokusho kwabavubukuli baseTiahuanaco kwakuyisikhungo samasiko egama elifanayo, a isiko lemvelaphi yangaphambi kwe-Inca, imfuyo kanye nezolimo. Leli siko aligcinanga ngokuhlala emazweni aseBolivia yanamuhla kodwa futhi lafinyelela ngaphesheya, ngaphandle kwePeru, iChile ne-Argentina. Ngesikhathi salo, idolobha lalinetheku eLake Titicaca uqobo, namuhla eliqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-15. Abanye bathi isiko laseTihuanaco lakhula phakathi kuka-1500 no-1000 BC, abanye bathi phakathi kuka-900 no-800 BC Iqiniso yilokho ngelinye ilanga elihle wanyamalala.
Okucatshangwayo futhi ukuthi izinga lokuthuthuka kwaleli siko le-pre-Inca lingayibeka njenge umama wemiphakathi yaseMelika noma njengempucuko enamandla futhi ethuthukile eyayikhona kule ngxenye yomhlaba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule, lapho iYurophu isakhasa. Futhi kungani kushiwo lokho isiko le-tiahuanaco lalithuthukile? Ngukuthi izakhiwo zayo zitholakala ngokwezinkanyezi, okuvezayo ulwazi lwezinkanyezi, futhi nezitsha zalo zobumba nezindwangu kukhulunywa ngesandla esiyinhloko.
Kuyafaneleka ukucacisa ukuthi yize sibiza la manxiwa ngokuthi yiTiwanaku noma iTiahuanaco igama langempela alaziwa. AbaseSpain bababiza ngeTiahuanaco ngemuva kokubuza abomdabu nokuzwa ukuthi bona ngokwabo bababiza kanjani. Okunye okungaqondakali namanje. Iqiniso ukuthi uma udlula kulawo manxiwa, ume ngaphansi kwalawo ma-portal we-megalithic noma uhambisa isandla sakho phakathi kwamatshe, ubona ukuthi akulona iphepha elincanyana elingangena phakathi kwamabhulokhi amabili, ungazibuza nje ukuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuhle obungakwenza lokho.
Abavubukuli bathi izakhiwo beziwubukhazikhazi, nokuthi yonke into ibalwe ngokunembile, ukuthi laba bantu bebekwazi ukusebenza ngisho nezinsimbi ukuhlobisa itshe futhi lenze likhanye elangeni. Futhi uma bekunganele, konke kuhlelwe ngokwebalazwe lezinkanyezi.
Yini ongayivakashela eTiahuanaco
Kahle umnyango welanga uthola konke ukushayelwa ihlombe, lokho kuqinisekile. Kungu-portico, ingosi, esebenza endaweni eyodwa yamatshe okumele ibe nesisindo samathani ayishumi. Ingosi ibiyingxenye yesakhiwo engasekho futhi okucatshangwayo kungenzeka ibe sekulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Akapana Pyramid noma e-kalasasaya, lapho kunezakhiwo eziningi ezinalolo hlobo lwetshe, ne-andesite. Umnyango unefrize ukuthi umele unkulunkulu welanga ephethe intonga yenyoni esandleni ngasinye. Kukhona izibalo zoomorphic eziphuma emakhanda abo kanti ezinye zigcina kuma-disc elanga. Kubukeka njengobuso be-cougar futhi kukhona abakuzungezile abangama-32 ama-Sun Men nama-Eagle Men ayi-16.
La Iphiramidi ye-Akapana kungeza imfihlakalo endaweni. Ngamamitha angu-800 kumjikelezo futhi cishe ngamamitha ayi-18 ukuphakama. Ingabe i- iphiramidi yesinyathelo samathala ayisikhombisa futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke kunamathempeli. IKalasasaya Le engangikhuluma ngayo ngenhla, ngenkathi ngangikhuluma ngePuerta del Sol, iThempeli Lamatshe Asemile. Idizayini yayo iyizinkanyezi futhi ngokusobala yayisetshenziselwa ukukala ukuguquka kwenkathi nonyaka welanga. Ilanga liphuma endaweni ethile yonke i-equinox nayo yonke i-solstice yenza okufanayo.
El UPonce monolith Kwatholakala ngo-1957 ngumvubukuli waseBolivia, uCarlos Ponce. Isimo sayo sokongiwa sihle futhi nobuciko obusetshenziswe ngendlela efanayo. Kungumfanekiso womuntu ophethe isitsha esingcwele o I-Kero. Kukhona futhi i- Ithempeli ngaphansi komhlaba, ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi, isikwele, enezindonga nezinsika ezingaphezu kuka-50 kanye namatshe omhlabathi ayisihlabathi ahlotshiswe ngamakhanda e-limestone, ahluke ngokuphelele komunye nomunye, njengokungathi ayizinhlanga ezahlukene. Lesi sakhiwo sinohlelo lokuhambisa amanzi olusasebenza nanamuhla.
El UPachamama Monolith I-monolith engaphezulu kwamamitha ayisikhombisa ukuphakama ngamathani angama-20 esisindo eyathathwa yaya eLa Paz futhi namuhla isibuyile emnyuziyamu wale ndawo. Le monolith yayifakwe emhlabathini waleli thempeli elingaphansi komhlaba. I-Kantatallite Olunye uhlaka oluthokozisayo olukhombisa ukuthi isiko laseTihuanaco lalikwazi nokubaza ngamajika futhi lisebenzise igolide njengomhlobiso, yize kunjalo, igolide lalindiza kudala.
Ekugcineni, kufanele ubhekisise i- Iphiramidi yePumapunko, UPutuni noma isigodlo seSarcophagi ngamakamelo alo okungcwaba anezicabha ezishelelayo, i UMonolith Fraile futhi i ISango Lenyanga, itshe lesikhumbuzo elingamamitha angu-2.23 ukuphakama namasentimitha angama-23 ubukhulu, i-arch enezinsizakusebenza eziphansi neziphezulu ezifana nezodadewabo, iPuerta del Sol.
Ungaya kanjani eTihuanaco
Uma useLa Paz ungakwazi hamba ngebhasi. Amabhasi asuka endaweni yamathuna kamasipala, kuJosé María Asín street, njalo uhhafu wehora. Uhambo luyihora nesigamu. Amanye amabhasi ashiya isikhungo, esuka eSagárnaga street, endaweni yeSonto laseSan Francisco. Futhi uma kungenjalo iTheminali Yebhasi. Vele nawe ungakwenza ukubhuka uhambo kwinhlangano ethile yezokuvakasha.
Amathiphu wokuvakashela iTiahuanaco
Amanxiwa avulekile kusuka ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-5 ntambama. Ungavakashela ngosuku olulodwa noma uhlale ubusuku ehhotela eliseduze. Kukhona idolobha eliseduze namanxiwa futhi uma ulele khona ungavakashela kubo futhi ekuseni kakhulu.
Ukuvakashela amanxiwa kukufanele letha i-sunscreen, isigqoko, izibuko, ijazi ukukhanya ngoba uma liguqubele kungabanda noma kungagcwala amanzi. Kufanele uhambe nini? Ubusika buqala ngoJuni futhi lokho kuqinisekisa isimo sezulu esihle namazulu acwebe kakhulu. NgoJuni 21, kwenzeka imikhosi yoNyaka Omusha wase-Aymara futhi kuvutha amalangabi amaningi. Kuyinto enhle kodwa intuthu ihlala isikhathi eside izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Hay imihlahlandlela yokuvakasha ongayiqasha esizeni, ukwazi okubonayo, futhi kunomnyuziyamu ekhombisa izingcezu ezahlukahlukene, izindwangu kanye nobumba, okutholakale ezinjabulweni zemivubukulo. Inendawo yokugezela nebha.
Uma uya ePeru, ungaya eTiahuanaco usuka ePuno, osebeni lweLake Titicaca. Luhambo losuku futhi uzungeza ichibi. Izinqubo emngceleni weDesaguadero zilula.